2024届山东省潍坊市高三下学期一模英语试题 （解析版）

试卷类型：A潍坊市高考模拟考试英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANationalPublicRadio(NPR)Music’sTinyDeskContestisback.Artistscansubmitanentryfromthismorning.Thisisn’tjustanotherregularyearoftheContest—it’sthe10thanniversary.Thepanel(小组)ofjudgeshasdoubledinsizecomparedtopreviousyears.Thepanelhasagroupofindustryexpertswhoareeagertoseewhatthisyear’sparticipantscanshare.Andthere’sagreatteamofNPR’sMusicstationhostsonthepanel:AmeliaMason,NovenaCarmelandStasTHEEBoss.Alsonewthisyear:Notonlywillthe2024winnerplayaTinyDeskconcert,beinterviewedonAllThingsConsideredandgoontourwithNPRMusic—they’llalsobepairedwithatutorintheindustrywhowillhelpthemnavigatetheirmusicjourney.Ourjudgesaredeterminedtogivethisyear’swinnerthesupportthey’llneedtotaketheirmusictothenextlevel.Thewinnerwillalsobefeaturedattwofestivalsthissummer:CelebrateBrooklynandtheMillenniumParkSummerMusicseriesinChicago.Andforthefirsttimethisyear,theContestisintroducingafanfavoritevote.Laterthisspring,ContestjudgeswillsharetheirfavoriteentriesaspartoftheannualTinyDesk-ContestTopShelfseriesonYouTube—andthenartistsandfanswillbeabletovotefortheirfavoriteamongthoseselections.Here’showtoenter:Recordavideoofyouplayingoneoriginalsong—behindadesk,uploadyourvideotoYouTube,andsubmitthevideoonourTinyDeskContestwebsitebyFeb.21at11:59p.m.Afinalreminder:Entryvideosdon’tneedtobefancy.TheTinyDeskiswhereartistsgotosimplifytheirbigproductions.Contestjudgesarelookingforartiststosubmitsomethingthat’struetothemandbrandnewtotheTinyDesk.1.Whoaremostlikelyamongthejudges?A.Newsstationhosts. B.Expertmusicians.C.Contestparticipants. D.Famousindustrialists.2.Whatwillthewinnergetasanaward?A.Sightseeingtours. B.Festivalsouvenirs.C.Unlimitedsupport. D.Professionalguidance.3.Whatisrequiredofthecontestentry?A.Ithastobeamasterpiece. B.Itmustconveypositivefeelings.C.Itmustberecordedbehindadesk. D.IthastobesubmittedbeforeFeb.21.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了美国国家公共广播电台举行的TinyDeskContest的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thepanel(小组)ofjudgeshasdoubledinsizecomparedtopreviousyears.Thepanelhasagroupofindustryexpertswhoareeagertoseewhatthisyear’sparticipantscanshare.(评委小组的规模比往年增加了一倍。该小组有一群行业专家，他们渴望看到今年的参与者可以分享什么。)”可知，评委小组有音乐行业的专家，所以专业的音乐家最有可能在其中，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“they’llalsobepairedwithatutorintheindustrywhowillhelpthemnavigatetheirmusicjourney.Ourjudgesaredeterminedtogivethisyear’swinnerthesupportthey’llneedtotaketheirmusictothenextlevel.(他们还将与一位业内导师合作，帮助他们度过音乐之旅。我们的评委们决心给予今年的冠军支持，让他们的音乐更上一层楼)”可知，获胜者将得到专业的指导，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Recordavideoofyouplayingoneoriginalsong—behindadesk(录制一段你在桌子后面演奏一首原创歌曲的视频)”可知，参赛作品必须是在一张桌子后面演唱的，故选C。BOnabrightSeptemberdayintheFrenchAlpsin2022,JohnMcAvoywas38kilometresintoaveryexhaustingultramarathonthroughroughmountainpaths.Battlingtiredness,hepushedhisbodyandmindthroughthefinallegoftherace.WiththefinisharchinthefamoustownofChamonixjustfourkilometresawayandthecloud-toppedpeakofMontBlanchighoverhim,McAvoywelledupwithemotion.Inthatmoment,hefeltsofreeandalive.Itwasquitetheoppositefromwherehislifehadbeenadecadebefore.Hehadjustbeenreleasedfromprisonafterservinga10-yearsentence.Now40yearsold,McAvoyhasspentthelast10yearsrebuildinghislifefromoneofcrimetoonewithpurpose.Itwasonthisday,whilerunningtheultramarathon,thatherealizedhowimpactfulconquering(征服)thismountainruncouldbeforinner-citykidslikehim.Afterall,sporthadhelpedhimliveanormallifeagainandopenuphisworld.Itcoulddothesameforothers.WiththehelpofYouthBeyondBorders,McAvoystartedtheAlpineRunProject,whichrecentlyled12disadvantagedBritishyoungpeoplethroughtheirownMontBlancraces.Theparticipants,fromrefugees(难民)toyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.Afterasix-monthtrainingprogram,theyouthtravelledtotheAlpstomeetupwithMcAvoyfortheirrace.McAvoysaysthehighlightofthisprojectforhimwaswatchingYasminMahamud,a20-year-oldrefugeefromSyria,runthroughthefinisharchandintothearmsofhernewfriends.Itwasalife-changinghighforMahamud,too-inspiringhertokeeprunning,takeupmartialartsandgotouniversitytostudyphysiotherapy.“Itchangedmypointofviewonlife,saysMahamud.Pushingherselftocompletetheracegaveherabriefexperienceofherownpotentialthroughhardworkanddevotion.”IwillalwaysbethankfultoJohnforgivingmethisopportunityandguidance.4.HowdidMcAvoyfeelbeforethefinisharch?A.Hefelttotallycollapsed. B.Hewaspeacefulandhopeful.C.Hewassatisfiedwithhispace. D.Hefeltasifcompletelyreborn.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcAvoyfromparagraph3?A.Hewasabuilder10yearsago. B.Herealizedtheimportanceofsport.C.Herantomakeupforhispastwrongs. D.Hehadsympathyfortheinner-citychildren.6.WhomostprobablytookpartintheMontBlancraces?A.Arunningcoach. B.Atravellover. C.Ahomelessteenager. D.Askilledathlete.7.WhatmessagedoesMcAvoy’sstoryconvey?A.Liveforthemoment. B.Dreambigandclimbhigh.C.Afterthestormcomestherainbow. D.Runafterthelightandbecomethelight.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了从犯罪生活重返社会、寻找生活目标的JohnMcAvoy通过参与超级马拉松比赛改变了自己的生活，然后创办AlpineRunProject帮助其他处境困难的年轻人的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inthatmoment,hefeltsofreeandalive.Itwasquitetheoppositefromwherehislifehadbeenadecadebefore.Hehadjustbeenreleasedfromprisonafterservinga10-yearsentence.(在那一刻，他感到如此自由和充满活力。这与他十年前的生活完全相反。他在服完10年徒刑后刚刚从监狱获释。)”可知，JohnMcAvoy在终点拱门前感觉自己仿佛完全重生了一样，开启了新生活。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Itwasonthisday,whilerunningtheultramarathon,thatherealizedhowimpactfulconqueringthismountainruncouldbeforinner-citykidslikehim.Afterall,sporthadhelpedhimliveanormallifeagainandopenuphisworld.(就在这一天，当他跑超级马拉松的时候，他意识到征服这个山跑对像他这样的贫民区孩子来说是多么有影响力。毕竟，体育帮助他重新过上了正常的生活，打开了他的世界。)

”可知，从第三段我们可以了解到JohnMcAvoy认识到体育运动的重要性，它帮助麦卡沃伊过上了新的生活。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Theparticipants,fromrefugeestoyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.

(参与者，从难民到年轻的改过自新的罪犯，以及在儿童福利院长大的人，都有教练、咨询师和理疗师与之匹配。)”推知，无家可归的少年最有可能参加过勃朗峰的比赛。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“WiththehelpofYouthBeyondBorders,McAvoystartedtheAlpineRunProject,whichrecentlyled12disadvantagedBritishyoungpeoplethroughtheirownMontBlancraces.Theparticipants,fromrefugeestoyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.

(在YouthBeyondBorders的帮助下，JohnMcAvoy

启动了“高山跑步项目”，最近带领12名处境不利的英国年轻人参加了他们自己的勃朗峰比赛。参与者，从难民到年轻的改过自新的罪犯，以及在儿童福利院长大的人，都有教练、咨询师和理疗师与之匹配。)”和第五段的“Itwasalife-changinghighforMahamud,too-inspiringhertokeeprunning,takeupmartialartsandgotouniversitytostudyphysiotherapy.(对Mahamud来说，这是一个改变人生的高潮，也激励她继续跑步，学习武术，上大学学习物理治疗。)”以及第六段的““Itchangedmypointofviewonlife,saysMahamud.Pushingherselftocompletetheracegaveherabriefexperienceofherownpotentialthroughhardworkanddevotion.

”IwillalwaysbethankfultoJohnforgivingmethisopportunityandguidance.(Mahamud说：“这改变了我对生活的看法。推动自己完成比赛让她通过努力和奉献短暂地体验了自己的潜力。”我将永远感谢约翰给我这个机会和指导。)”可知，JohnMcAvoy从犯罪生活重返社会、寻找生活目标，他意识到体育运动对于处于困境的孩子们有着巨大的影响力，因此他的故事可以鼓励个人追求积极向上，散发积极能量，照亮周围的世界，D项“奔向光明，成为光明”符合。故选D。CPeoplehavecometounderstandtheenormousimpacts-beneficialaswellasharmful-plasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚合物)scientistscommittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforreal-worldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.Everydayitemsincludingmilkjug,grocerybags,andtakeoutcontainersaremadefromaclassofpolymerscalledpolyolefins.Theseplasticsarereallydurable(耐用的)becausethechemicalbondsinthosepolymersareextremelystable.Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequirecomplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocks-onesoftpolymerandonehardpolymer-thatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.Sowewereabletocreatematerialswithsimilarpropertiesoftheplasticstheworldrelieson.Webelievethisworkisasteptowardmoresustainableplastics.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningplastics?A.Theirmultipleuses. B.Theirchemicalproperties.C.Theirrecyclingchallenges. D.Theirclassificationcriteria.9.Akeyfactorofproducingdiversemultiblockpolymersis______.A.mixingbuildingblockswithlongmoleculesB.integratingchemicalsintothetwopolymersC.combiningtwodifferentmultiblockpolymersD.adjustingthepercentageofthetwopolymers10.Whichisafeatureofmultiblockpolymers?A.Theyaremadefromsustainablematerials.B.Theycanberecycledbyaddinghydrogen.C.Theirreliabilityoutperformstraditionalplastics.D.Theirpropertieschangewithroundsofrecycling.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A.DesigningforRecycling B.ClassifyingPlasticWasteC.ReplacePlasticswithPolymers D.TechnologyCreatestheFuture【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了聚合物科学家如何致力于解决塑料废物问题，通过重新设计聚合物的结构以实现其可回收性。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequirecomplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.(在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一个设计特征，而是一个设计缺陷。想象一下，如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通过两倍于现在的过程进行回收。此外，传统的回收需要对所有收集到的材料进行仔细的分类，这对于这么多不同的塑料来说是具有挑战性的。例如，将纸和金属分开并不需要复杂的技术，但将一个容器和一个牛奶罐中不同的聚烯烃进行分类却很难做到没有偶尔的错误。)”可知，文章第二段主要讲述的是关于塑料回收的挑战。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocks-onesoftpolymerandonehardpolymer-thatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.(在2023年10月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，我们描述了一系列聚合物，它们只有两种基本成分——一种软聚合物和一种硬聚合物——它们的行为像聚烯烃，但可以化学回收。将两种不同的聚合物多次连接，直到它们形成一个单一的长分子，就形成了所谓的多嵌段聚合物。通过改变多嵌段聚合物中每种聚合物的含量，我们的团队生产出了各种各样的材料，其性能涵盖了所有类型的聚烯烃。)”可知，生产多种多嵌段聚合物的关键因素是调整两种聚合物的含量。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.(使用相同的策略，但通过添加氢，我们可以将聚合物分离回它们的组成部分，并轻松地将它们分离出来再次使用。当我们用这些回收塑料制成新的聚合物时，即使经过几轮化学回收，它们的性能也和原始材料一样好。)”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通过添加氢的方式被分离出来再次使用。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Peoplehavecometounderstandtheenormousimpacts-beneficialaswellasharmful-plasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚台物)scientistscommittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforreal-worldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.(人们已经开始了解塑料对人类生活和环境的巨大影响，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科学家致力于为现实世界的问题发明可持续的解决方案，我们开始通过重新思考聚合物的设计方式来解决塑料垃圾问题，这样我们就可以制造出具有可回收性的塑料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了聚合物科学家如何通过重新设计聚合物的结构来解决塑料废物问题，以实现其可回收性。文章强调了设计的重要性，并介绍了如何通过特殊的化学方法制造和回收一种新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主题的标题应该是强调“设计”和“回收”这两个关键词的。故选A。DHiringprocessescanbethoughtofasabattlebetweenintegrityanddishonesty.Youmightimaginethisisasimplefightbetweentruth-seekingfirmsandself-promotingcandidates,andtoacertainextentitis.Butcompaniesthemselvesareprone(有倾向)tobendrealityoutofshapeinwaysthatareself-defeating.Startwiththeobviouswrongdoers:jobapplicants.Whenitcomestowritingtheresume(简历),theytendtomassage(美化)realityintothemostappealingshapepossible.Everyonebeyondacertainlevelofexperienceisatransformationalleaderpersonallyresponsibleforgeneratingmillionsincome;theworldeconomywouldbeabout15timesbiggerthanitactuallyisifallsuchclaimsweretrue.TheaverageBritishspendsfourandahalfhoursadaywatchingTVandonlinevideos.Buteachaveragejobcandidateisanenthusiastforpublicwelfare,usingtheirsparetimeonlyforworthypurposes,likevolunteeringinsoupkitchens.Butthetendencytostretchthetruthinfectscompaniesaswellasapplicants.Thetypicalfirmwillwriteajobdescriptionthatinvariablydescribestheworkenvironmentasfast-pacedandinnovative,andthenlaysoutasetofimprobablerequirementsforthe“idealcandidate”,someonewhoalmostbydefinitiondoesnotexist.Sometimes,therequirementsincludeanabilitytogobackandchangethecourseofhistory.Toofewfirmsofferanaccurateaccountofwhatapositionactuallyinvolvesintheirjobpreviews,whicharesupposedtogiveprospectiveemployeesagenuinesenseofthenegativesandpositivesofthejob,aswellasaclearideaofthecompany’scorporateculture.Oneeffectivestrategyistolayoutintextorvideo,whatatypicaldayintherolewouldlooklike.Suchhonestycanbeitsownreward.Researchhaslongsuggestedthatrealisticjobpreviewsleadtolowerturnoverandhigheremployeesatisfaction.Apaperin2011byDavidEamestofTowsonUniversityandhisco-authorsconcludedthatfavourableperceptionsoftheorganisation’shonestyarethebestexplanationforwhy.Soaprocessdesignedtouncoverthetruthaboutjobapplicantswouldrunalotmoresmoothlyiffirmswerealsohonestaboutthemselves.12.Whyare“leader”and“enthusiast”mentionedinparagraph2?A.Topresentarule. B.Toclarifyafact.C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Toexplainaphenomenon.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stretch”inparagraph3mean?A.Overstate. B.Overturn. C.Overlook. D.Overestimate.14.Whatarejobpreviewsexpectedtobelikeinparagraph4?A.Theyshowapositionasitis. B.Theyaremadeeitherintextorvideo.C.Theyarefavorableforbiggerfirms. D.Theymainlycontainnegativesofajob.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Painsandgainsofemployees. B.Howtogetthelyingoutofhiring.C.Howtobemoreappealinginhiring. D.Awrestlebetweenapplicantsandcompanies.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。【12题详解】推理判断题。第二段中“Whenitcomestowritingtheresume(简历),theytendtomassage(美化)realityintothemostappealingshapepossible.(在写简历的时候，他们倾向于把现实情况美化成最吸引人的样子)”提到求职者写简历时会美化现实，下文“Everyonebeyondacertainlevelofexperienceisatransformationalleaderpersonallyresponsibleforgeneratingmillionsincome(每个经验稍长的人都是变革型领导者，个人负责创造数百万的收入)”和“Buteachaveragejobcandidateisanenthusiastforpublicwelfare,usingtheirsparetimeonlyforworthypurposes,likevolunteeringinsoupkitchens.(但平均每位求职者都热衷于公益事业，他们只把业余时间用于有价值的目的，比如在施粥处做志愿)”都是举例具体说明上述现象，故选D。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“aswellasapplicants(和申请者一样)”以及“Thetypicalfirmwillwriteajobdescriptionthatinvariablydescribestheworkenvironmentasfast-pacedandinnovative,andthenlaysoutasetofimprobablerequirementsforthe‘idealcandidate’,someonewhoalmostbydefinitiondoesnotexist.(典型的公司会撰写一份工作描述，总是将工作环境描述为快节奏和创新的，并提出一套对‘理想候选人’的不太可能的要求，几乎按定义来说，这样的人并不存在)”可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch意为“夸大”，故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Toofewfirmsofferanaccurateaccountofwhatapositionactuallyinvolvesintheirjobpreviews,whicharesupposedtogiveprospectiveemployeesagenuinesenseofthenegativesandpositivesofthejob,aswellasaclearideaofthecompany’scorporateculture.Oneeffectivestrategyistolayoutintextorvideo,whatatypicaldayintherolewouldlooklike.(很少有公司会在职位预览中准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容，而预览的目的是让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点，以及公司的企业文化。一个有效的策略是在文字或视频中列出这个职位的典型一天是怎么过的)”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Suchhonestycanbeitsownreward.(这种诚实本身就是一种回报)”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’snotsolongagothatcontactlesscardpaymentswereexcitingandnew,butthetechnologyisalreadyold-hat.Thenew,betterwaytopayforthingsinshops?Byusingyourphonetomakeacontactlesspayment.Becausetraditionally,whenyouhavepaidwithacardtap(轻敲)orusingachipandpinmachine,ultimatelytheshopyouarebuyingfromwillbenotingdownallofyourcarddetails.____16____Andthiscouldbeaproblem—itmeansthatiftheshopishacked(侵入)orplaysfastandloosewithitsdata,youcouldfindyourcardnumberexposedtotheworld.However,whenyoutaptopaywithyourdevice,itgeneratesauniqueIDnumberforthatdealandsendsthatinstead.Soyoucanpayforyourgoodsandtheshopcangetyourmoney.____17____Thatistosay,phonepaymentsaresmarter.____18____Ifapickpocketstealsyourcardtheycanimmediatelyuseupthemoney.Butiftheygetyourphone,whenthephonegoestopayitwilltypicallyperformabiometriccheck-itwillaskforafinger-printorusethecameratolookatyourface,tocheckthatyouarewhoyousayyouare.____19____Becauseofthisaddedsecurity,thelimit(限额)istypicallyhigherthanforcontactlesscards.IntheUK,it’saround£100formostretailers-thoughsomeshopsincludingmostsupermarketsletyouspendmuchmorewithjustatapofthephone.Wanttogiveitatry?Toactuallysetthingsup,gotoyourWalletappandfollowtheinstructions.____20____Thenitwillautomaticallyrecognisethenumbersandconnectwithyourbank.Usuallyyoureceiveatextmessagewithaspecialcodeonit.Andthen,well,you’redone.Whenyoupay,holdyourphoneoverthepaymentmachine,andpayforyourgoods!A.Ithelpstobuildtheclientlist.B.Thesetupprocessvarieswithbanks.C.Nooneneedstoshareanysensitivedata.D.It’salsomoreeffectiveagainstthethreatofthefts.E.Andphonepaymentsareincreasinglyconvenienttoo.F.Typicallythisstartsbyscanningyourcardwithyourphone.G.Therefore,itknowswhichbankaccounttotakethemoneyfrom.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了非接触式手机支付的好处以及设置方式。【16题详解】上文“Becausetraditionally,whenyouhavepaidwithacardtap(轻敲)orusingachipandpinmachine,ultimatelytheshopyouarebuyingfromwillbenotingdownallofyourcarddetails.(因为传统上，当你用刷卡或刷卡机付款时，最终你购买的商店会记下你所有的信用卡细节)”描述原因，空处应是接着说结果，G项“因此，它知道从哪个银行账户取钱”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“However,whenyoutaptopaywithyourdevice,itgeneratesauniqueIDnumberforthatdealandsendsthatinstead.Soyoucanpayforyourgoodsandtheshopcangetyourmoney.(然而，当你用你的设备点击支付时，它会为这笔交易生成一个唯一的ID号并发送。所以你可以支付你的商品，商店可以得到你的钱)”可知，支付时形成的ID一次性的也是是唯一的，因此个人信息不会或数据不会被分享出去。C项“没有人需要分享任何敏感数据”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据本段内容“Butiftheygetyourphone,whenthephonegoestopayitwilltypicallyperformabiometriccheck—itwillaskforafinger-printorusethecameratolookatyourface,tocheckthatyouarewhoyousayyouare.(但如果他们拿到了你的手机，当手机开始支付时，它通常会进行生物识别检查——它会要求你提供指纹或使用摄像头查看你的脸，以检查你是否就是你所说的那个人)”可知，本段是说手机支付能防止盗刷钱财，D项“它还能更有效地抵御盗窃威胁”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据空后“Becauseofthisaddedsecurity,thelimit(限额)istypicallyhigherthanforcontactlesscards.IntheUK,it’saround£100formostretailers—thoughsomeshopsincludingmostsupermarketsletyouspendmuchmorewithjustatapofthephone.(由于这种增加的安全性，限额通常高于非接触式卡。在英国，对大多数零售商来说，这大约是100英镑——尽管一些商店，包括大多数超市，你只需点击一下手机就可以花更多的钱)”可知，本段是说手机支付的便捷，E项“手机支付也越来越方便”符合语境，故选E。【20题详解】根据上文“Toactuallysetthingsup,gotoyourWalletappandfollowtheinstructions.(要真正设置，请进入钱包应用程序并按照说明进行设置)”及下文“Thenitwillautomaticallyrecognisethenumbersandconnectwithyourbank.(然后，它会自动识别这些号码，并与你的银行联系)”可知，空处是描述设置手机支付的第一步，F项“这通常是从用手机扫描信用卡开始的”符合语境，故选F。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mylong-distancecyclingcareerof13yearsand35,000kilometresendedasIapproached75.AlthoughIamnownolongerstrongenoughto____21____thelongdaysandbigclimbs,dayinanddayout,Ihavemymemories.Theroadbehindisjustmemories,somesoontobeforgotten,otherstobe____22____andenhancedwiththeretelling.A6000-kilometrecross-countryrideinitiallyappears____23____,but,oncedone,itissimplydone,muchlikethechallengesthatlife____24____.Real____25____wouldcomewhenIwasaloneonmybicycle.Ienjoyedmeetingandeven____26____thedailytargetsIhadsetformyself.Ienjoyedthetechnicalchallengesfacedbytireburstsandloosehandlebars,but____27____notatthattime.Ilovedcyclingwithastrongtailwindpushingmealongandhated____28____intoastrongheadwind.Ilovedstrikingupconversationswithadiversityofpeopleandsincerelyappreciatedthesupportandcomfortthey____29____.Longdistancecyclingbringsunbearableexhaustion,longhoursofanxiety,evenfearanddesperation,butthese_____30_____intoinsignificance,comparedtothejoyand_____31_____ofclimbinghugemountainsorseeingfantasticsightsforthefirsttime.Theexperiencesaddnewnessand_____32_____tomylifeandthememoriesare_____33_____.Mostimportantly,cyclingtaughtmetoknowmyselfbetter.IteventuallydawnedonmethatIhadmore_____34_____andcouragethanIeverimagined.Theself-awarenessandlong-lastingmemorieswillgivemeenormous_____35_____asIcarryonmylifejourney.21.A.appreciate B.choose C.expect D.stand22.A.treasured B.explored C.created D.discussed23.A.boring B.annoying C.confusing D.discouraging24.A.overcomes B.greets C.throws D.ignores25.A.loneliness B.joy C.convenience D.panic26.A.making B.changing C.beating D.finalizing27.A.reasonably B.admittedly C.fortunately D.hopefully28.A.battling B.slipping C.falling D.wandering29.A.owned B.offered C.mentioned D.promised30.A.fit B.pale C.run D.back31.A.reflection B.anticipation C.satisfaction D.motivation32.A.secrets B.rules C.decisions D.dimensions33.A.reliable B.flexible C.inaccessible D.unforgettable34.A.toughness B.curiosity C.imagination D.wisdom35.A.insight B.knowledge C.power D.admiration【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.B28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.D34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者回顾了自己长达13年的远程骑行生涯，讲述了骑行过程中的各种经历、感受以及骑行对作者自身的影响。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我现在再也没有足够的体力去忍受漫长的日子以及艰难的山路攀爬，日复一日，但我拥有的是满满的回忆。A.appreciate欣赏、感激；B.choose选择；C.expect期待；D.stand站立、忍受。根据上文“Iamnownolongerstrongenough”可知，作者已经75岁了，没有足够的体力去忍受长时间的攀爬。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：身后的道路只是回忆，有些很快就会被遗忘，有些则将随着反复述说而被珍藏和升华。A.treasured珍视、珍藏；B.explored探索；C.created创造；D.discussed讨论。根据空后的“enhanced”以及上文“somesoontobeforgotten”可推测，空处是一种比较，有些记忆会忘记，而有些则被珍藏。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一次6000公里的跨国骑行，起初看起来令人气馁的，但一旦完成，也就仅仅完成了而已，这与生活中遇到的其他挑战并无太大不同。A.boring乏味的；B.annoying令人恼怒的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.discouraging令人气馁的。根据空前的“initially”以及下文“but,oncedone,itissimplydone”可知，6000公里的骑行，最初听起来好像让人望而却步，但是一旦完成也就仅仅如此。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次6000公里的跨国骑行，起初看起来令人望而生畏，但一旦完成，也就仅仅完成了而已，这与生活中遇到的其他挑战并无太大不同。A.overcomes克服；B.greets迎接、问候；C.throws扔、把……加于；D.ignores忽视。根据先行词“thechallenges”以及从句主语“life”可推测，这些挑战是生活加在我们身上的。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我独自骑自行车的时候，真正的快乐就来了。A.loneliness孤独；B.joy高兴；C.convenience便利；D.panic恐慌。根据下文“Ienjoyedmeetingandeven____6____thedailytargetsIhadsetformyself.Ienjoyedthetechnicalchallengesfacedbytireburstsandloosehandlebars,but____7____notatthattime.”中的“enjoy”可知，这些都是作者所喜爱的，由此可知，作者骑行时感到的是真正的快乐。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢达到甚至超过我为自己设定的每日目标。A.making使、制作；B.changing改变；C.beating打、跳动、超过；D.finalizing完成、确定。根据上文的“meeting”以及空前的“even”可推测，空处指的是比“meeting”更进一步，那么自然是超过自己所定的目标。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很享受轮胎爆胎和车把松动带来的技术挑战，但我承认，当时我并不喜欢。A.reasonably适当地；B.admittedly公认地；C.fortunately幸运地；D.hopefully怀着希望地。根据空前的“but”可知，作者想承认的是享受那种技术挑战，但是处理挑战时并不好受。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在强劲的顺风推动下骑行，讨厌顶着狂风艰难前行。A.battling与……作战；B.slipping滑倒；C.falling摔倒；D.wandering漫步、徘徊。根据上文“Ilovedcyclingwithastrongtailwindpushingmealong”可知，作者喜欢顺风骑行，那么相对的，作者讨厌的是逆风而上的艰难。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢和各种各样的人交谈，真诚地感谢他们提供的支持和安慰。A.owned拥有；B.offered提供；C.mentioned提及；D.promised承诺。根据先行词“thesupportandcomfort”可推测，作者感激的是这些人给自己提供的支持和安慰。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长途骑行带来了难以忍受的疲惫，长时间的焦虑，甚至恐惧和绝望，但与攀登高山或第一次看到奇妙风景的喜悦和满足感相比，这些都显得微不足道。A.fit适合；B.pale相形