北师大版八年级下册英语期中试卷-1

北师大版八年级下册英语期中试卷一、单项选择（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．（0.5分）Thelovelyboyismybrother．nameisJason．（）A．My B．Your C．His D．Her2．（0.5分）TonyhastwoEnglishlessons___________Saturdaymorning.（）A．in B．from C．at D．on3．（0.5分）Speaklouder，everyonecanunderstandyou．（）A．so B．or C．for D．but4．（0.5分）Theflowersverysweet.Let'sgoforawalkinthegarden.（）A．look B．smell C．feel D．taste5．（0.5分）—___________haveyoustudiedEnglish？—Since2008.（）A．Howfar B．Howlong C．Howoften D．Howold6．（0.5分）Hobbiescanmakeyou___________asaperson.（）A．grow B．togrow C．growing D．grown7．（0.5分）Jackspendslotsofhisfreetime___________hismotherwiththehousework.（）A．helping B．help C．helps D．tohelp8．（0.5分）﹣WhereisTony？﹣Ontheplayground．Hebasketballwithhisfriends．（）A．plays B．played C．willplay D．isplaying9．（0.5分）Tintin___________inChinainthe1980sandhasbeenpopulareversincethen.（）A．appeared B．appears C．willappear D．hasappeared10．（0.5分）MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_____tothelibrary.（）A．hasgone B．hasbeen C．willgo D．went11．（0.5分）—WhydoyouknowAmericasowell？—BecauseI___________theremanytimessofar.（）A．havegone B．havebeen C．went D．go12．（0.5分）—HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong？—Yes，I___________thereeveryyear.（）A．havegone B．amgoing C．go D．went二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，将其字母代号写在题前括号内。13．（8分）Thestudentsofseventhgradewalkedintothehallwithlaughterandvoices．WeweretoldtolistentoaspeechbyMrs．Marksaboutbullying（欺负）andpeerpressure（同伴压力）．Duringthewholeyear，ourgradehadlistenedtospeechesonthesetopicsoverandoveragain．MyfriendsandIsatback，preparingtositthroughanother（31）speech．ButassoonasMrs．Marksstartedtalking，shecaughtmyattention．Shetalkedinthewayasifsheknewhowtoreachintoourmindsandmakeus（32）．Andforonce，Iactuallybegantothinkaboutwhatshewastalkingabout．Oneboy，especially，cametomymind．Everyday，thisboycametoschoollate．Thestudentsintheclasswouldalwaysmakefunofhim．Theysaid，"Hey，man!Wherehaveyoubeen？"Andthenanotheraddedamoreunfriendlyjoke．Theirjokeswouldcontinueuntiltheteacher（33）themtostop．Butitwasalwaystoolate．Theboywouldputhisheaddownonhisdeskin（34）．Ifeltreallysorryforthis（35）boy．ThenIturnedmyattentionbacktothespeakerandlistenedcarefullytilltheend．"Now，beforeIleavetoday，Iwouldliketogiveeveryonehereanopportunitytosaysomethingonthesubjectsofbullyingorpeerpressure．Youmayapologize（道歉）toorthanksomeone．AndIcanpromisethatnoonewill（36）atyouthistime．Thesilenceintheroommademebelieveher．SlowlyIsawafewhandsrise．Onegirlwantedtoapologizetoafriend，andanotherthankedaboyforhiskindness．Itwasthenthatmymomentof（37）happened．Thespeakercalledonme，andIbegantotalk．"Whatyousaidtoday（38）makessense．Iknowthatit'strue，becauseIseeiteverydayinclass．Thereisonepersonwhoisalwaysmadefunof．"Myvoiceshook，Ithinkthateveryoneherehasmadefunofhim．IknowIhave．AndnowIreally（39）it．Tous，itmayjustbeagame，buttohim，itmusthurt．AndIthinkwell，Ithinkweneedtostop．"Therewasasilenceforseveralseconds，butthen，clappingquicklyspreadthroughthecrowd．Laterthatday，theboythankedme．Andfromthenon，theotherstudentsbeganto（40）himbetter．Theystoppedplayingjokesonhimandgreetedhimwithafriendly"Hi"．IwaspleasedIhadvoicedsomethingthateveryonewasfeeling．31．A．importantB．longC．boringD．different32．A．speakB．thinkC．relaxD．imagine33．A．forcedB．allowedC．advisedD．encouraged34．A．peaceB．surpriseC．doubtD．shame35．A．lazyB．poorC．shyD．naughty36．A．laughB．lookC．pointD．shout37．A．prideB．interestC．courageD．pity38．A．nearlyB．reallyC．hardlyD．hopefully39．A．forgetB．refuseC．regretD．mind40．A．helpB．knowC．teachD．treat．三、阅读理解（共26分，每小题2分）阅读下面A、B、C、D四篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项，将其字母代号写在题前括号内。14．（6分）MyFavoriteStoryMaryTheKissingHandismyfavoritestory.It'saboutChesterandhismum.Schoolisstarting，butChesterdoesn'twanttogo.TohelpeaseChester'sfears，hismumsharesafamilysecretcalledtheKissingHandtogivehimherlove.LilyMyfavoritestoryisRentPartyJaz.It'saboutSonnyandhismother.Theyareverypoor.OnedaySonnymeetsJack，ajazzmusician.JackofferstoplayatapartyatSonny'shousetohelpraisemoney.Theneighborsallcometodropcoinsforthem.TomIenjoyCarla'sSandwichbest.IthappensatCarla'sschool.WhenCarlabringshersandwichestoschool，herclassmateshaveplentytosayaboutthem."That'ssick!"saysLeslie."That'sbad!"saysNatie.ButCarlathinksthatit'screative.MikeCatchingtheMoonismyfavorite.It'sthestoryofayounggirl'sbaseballdream.MarceniaLyleisinterestedinbaseball.Sheworkedveryhardandfinallywonapositioninabaseballsummercamp.Shewasonherwaytocatchingherdream.（1）Mary'sfavoritestoryis.A.RentPartyJazB.Carla'sSandwichC.TheKissingHandD.CatchingtheMoon（2）Jackisa.A.studentB.musicianC.coachD.creator（3）MarceniaLyle.A.doesn'twanttogotoschoolB.hasn'tgotenoughmoneyC.likeseatingsandwichesD.isinterestedinbaseball15．（6分）Johnwasamanagerinafactory.Heenjoyedrunningforexercisearoundtheparkwhenhewasfree.OneSundayafternoon，afterrunningasusual，Johndecidedtogohomeandhavearest.Justthen，henoticedanoldwomanstandingbytheroad.Theoldwomanlookedaroundworriedly.Johnwentoverandaskedwhathecoulddoforher.Afterashorttalk，Johncametoknowthatsheforgotherwayhomeandgotlost.Besides，shewasverytiredandhungry.Johncalledtheoldwoman'ssonandthentookhertothenearestrestaurant.Intherestaurant，Johnorderedfoodanddrinkfortheoldwomanpolitely.Whileeating，sometimesshecarelesslysprinkled（撒）foodanddrinkonthetableandonhercoat.Othercustomersfeltdisgusted（厌恶的）atthissight.ButJohndidn'tcareaboutthis.Hestoodupandcleanedthetablefromtimetotimeinsilence.Ittooktheoldwomansometimetofinisheating.Afterthat，Johnpaidthebillandtheywerereadytoleavewhentheoldwoman'ssonarrived.HeheldJohn'shandsandsaid，"Thankstoyourhelp，mymotherwastreatedwell.""You'rewelcome.Shemakesmeremembermymomwhodiedyearsago.Ididwhatasonshoulddo，"saidJohn.Allthecustomersaroundshowedrespect（尊敬）toJohn.Theyweretouchedbyhiskindness.（1）WheredidJohnwork？A.Inapark.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inafactory.D.Inaschool.（2）Whathappenedtotheoldlady？A.Shelostherwaybackhome.B.Sheranawayfromherson.C.Shedislikedthefoodatall.D.Shecouldn'tfinisheatingbyherself.（3）WhatwasJohnlike？A.Hewaskind.B.Hewasrude.C.Hewasangry.D.Hewascalm.16．（6分）Nodoctorhaseverconsideredthatashirtcansaveapatient'slife.Butonafamilysummervacationin2017，RobLeibowitzworeaT﹣shirtwhilewalkingaroundDisneyWorldwiththewords："InNeedofKidney（肾脏），OPositive."AfewmonthsafterapicturewaspostedonFacebook，Leibowitz，whohadbeenonthelistforseveralyears，hadasuccessfulsurgery（手术）.Acompletestrangerdonated（捐赠）akidneytohim.Althoughthisstorymightbeunusual，itmademewonder：canmedicineandfashiongetconnectedinotherways？Theymightseemlikeasstrangeacombinationasredandgreen.Yetfashionisalreadybeingconsideredinhealthcaresettings.Forexample，theeffectofhospitalgownsonpatientshasbeenstudied，andmanypatientsreportfeelingalossofprivacywhenputtingonagown.Thegownevendrovepatientstohavetheideathattheywereunwell.Asaresult，designers（设计师）haverethoughtwhatapatientgowncouldlooklike.Suchredesignshavenotbeenwidelyacceptedbyhospitalsyet，perhapsbecausethegownshavetobecheap，easytomakeandeasilywashable.However，gownsindifferentsizesandcolorsmighthelpgivethepatientsafeelingofcontrolandsupport—especiallywhensomuchisoutoftheircontrol.Infact，creativesolutionstopatientgownshavealreadybeenshowntohavesomepositiveeffects.AtWeillCornell，youngpatientswhoneededMRIscans（核磁共振检查）weregivenan"MRI﹣am﹣a﹣Hero"kittomaketheexperiencefeellikepartofasuperheroadventure.Researchersfoundthatthenumberofkidswhoneededmedicinetostaycalmgetsmaller.Myownexperiencealsohasshownmethevalueofthinkingabouthowimportantfashioncanbeinmedicalsettings.Afewyearsago，Iwasworkingonastudyabouthowpatientscouldfindkidneydonorsthroughsocialnetworks.Irememberaskingonewomanaboutherpinkshirt，with"HelpMeFindaKidney"onthefrontandapictureofherandherfamilyprintedontheback."EverytimeIputiton，"sheexplained，"Iamremindedthatthereisstillhope."（1）WhodonatedakidneytoRobLeibowitz？A.Hisbrother.B.Thewriter.C.Astranger.D.Hissister.（2）Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.makinggownseasilywashableisunimportantB.redesigninggownsneedsmuchmoneyandnewtoolsC.patientswithterribleillnessesmustposttheirneedsonlineD.gownswithcreativedesignscanbringpatientsgoodeffects（3）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.DressingforHealth.B.FashionWillNeverLeave.C.IdeaswithImagination.D.PatientsAreAlwaysWaiting.17．（8分）Aspacesuitismuchmorethanasetofclothesastronautswearonspacewalks.Afullspacesuitisreallyaone﹣personspacecraft.Thespacesuitprotectstheastronautfromthedangersofbeingoutsideinspace.Spacesuitshelpastronautsinseveralways.Spacewalkingastronautsfacedifferenttemperatures.Aroundtheearth，conditionsinspacecanbeascoldasaround﹣156℃.Inthesunlight，theycanbeashotas121℃.Aspacesuitprotectsastronautsfromthoseextremetemperatures.SpacesuitsalsoprovideastronautswithO2tobreathewhiletheyareinspace.Theycontainwatertodrinkduringspacewalks.Theyprotectastronautsfrombeinghitbyasmallobjectinspace.Itmaynotsoundverydangerous，butwheneventhesmallobjectismovingmanytimesfasterthanabullet，itcanbeveryharmfultoastronauts.Spacesuitsalsoprotectastronautsfromradiation（辐射）inspace.Thesuitsevenhavepartstoprotectastronauts'eyesfromthebrightsunlight.Thespacesuitincludesseveralparts.Thebodyequipmentcoverstheastronaut'sbody.Thearmequipmentcoversthearmsandconnectstothegloves.Thehelmet（头盔）andanotherequipmentareusedtoprotecttheastronaut'sheadwhilestillallowinghimorhertoseeasmuchaspossible.Thelowerequipmentcoverstheastronaut'slegsandfeet.Thesepartshavedifferentfunctions.Theycandomanydifferentthings，fromkeepingO2withinthespacesuittoprotectingfrombeinghit.Underthespacesuit，astronautswearasetofcoolingequipment.Tubes（管子）areputintothistight﹣fittingpieceofclothingthatcoversthewholebodyexceptforthehead，handsandfeet.Watermovesthroughthesetubestokeeptheastronautcoolduringthespacewalk.Onthebackofthespacesuitisabackpack.ThisbackpackprovidestheO2thatastronautsbreatheduringaspacewalk.ItalsotakesCO2away.Thebackpackalsoprovideselectricityforthesuit.AfanmovestheO2throughthespacesuitandlifesupportsystems，andawatertankholdsthecoolingwaterthatmovesthroughthecoolingdevice.AnotherdevicecalledtheSimplifiedAidforExtravehicularActivityRescue，orSAFERisnecessary.Ifanastronautbecameseparatedfromthespacestation，heorshecoulduseSAFERtoflyback.（1）Whatdoesthebackpackonthespacesuitprovideaccordingtothepassage？A.CO2.B.Food.C.Radiation.D.Electricity.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.asmallobjecthurtsalittletoastronautsinspace.B.SAFERhelpsastronautsreturntothespacestation.C.aspacesuitisjustakindofclothestowearinspace.D.anastronautneedstowearthespacesuitallthetime.（3）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2&3？A.Whatthepartsofaspacesuitare.B.Whatastronautswearinspace.C.Whytemperatureschangealot.D.Whyastronautsneedspacesuits.（4）Theword"functions"inParagraph4probablymeans"".A.waysB.ideasC.usesD.tests四、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题10分）阅读短文，根据内容回答问题。18．（10分）Mostofususethealarmclocktowakeupattherighttimeforschoolorwork.Welookatourwatchestoknowtherighttimeforthebusortrain.However，thereisalsoarighttimetoeat，sleep，exercise，andtakemedicine.Wecan'tlookataclockfortherighttimefortheseactivities.Wemustlistentothebiologicalclockinsideourbodies，whichisanaturalsysteminlivingthingsthatcontrolsregularphysicalactivitiessuchassleeping.Barbaraexercisedeverymorning.Shewokeupat6：00a.m.Sheranabouttwomilesbeforeshewenttowork.ButBarbara'slegsandbackstartedtohurt.Shedidsomeexercisebeforesheran.Butherlegsandbackstillhurt.Sheranmoreslowly，butthepaindidn'tstop.Barbaratalkedtoherdoctor.Thedoctorsaid，"Don'truninthemorning.Trytoexerciselaterinthedaybecausethatisthetimewhenyourbodyisattherighttemperatureforexerciseafterwork."Shefollowedthedoctor'sadviceandherlegsandbackdidn'thurtanymore.Today，doctorsarelearningmoreabout"chronobiology".Itmeansthestudyofbiologicalclocks.Theyarelearningabouttheimportanceoftimeforourbodies.Forexample，itisbestforpeopletogotosleepontimeeverynightandtoeatonlywhenthey'rehungry.Also，doctorsdiscoveredthatsomeillnesses，suchasheartattacks（心脏病发作），happenmostofteninthemorning.Thisinformationtellsthemthatthebesttimeforthepersonwithaheartattacktotakeheartmedicationmaybeatnight.Whenpatientstakeheartmedicationatnight，theymaypreventaheartattackinthemorning.Becauseofthesegreatimportanceofthebiologicalclock，manydoctorsbelievechronobiologycanhelpuslivehealthierlives.Maybeit'stimeforustolistentotheclockinsideourbodies.（1）Whatclockdowehaveinsideourbodies，thealarmclockorthebiologicalclock？（2）DidBarbara'slegshurtwhensheraninthemorning？（3）Whatdoes"chronobiology"mean？（4）Whenisthebesttimeforthepersonwithaheartattacktotakeheartmedication？（5）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？五、文段表达（共10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。19．（10分）假设你叫李华，刚刚收到外国交换生John的一封电子邮件。他已经来北京两个月了，但是还未参观过北京的景点。请给他回复一封电子邮件，简要介绍一下你参观过的某一个北京著名景点，你做了什么，并给他一些在京游玩的建议。提示词语：wonderful，photos，traditionalfood，shoes，masks（口罩）DearLiHua，IhavebeeninBeijingfortwomonths.Infact，Idon'tknowmuchaboutthiscity.Canyoutellmeoneplacethatyouhavebeento？Whatdidyoudoduringthetrip？CanyougivemesomeadviceifIgothere？Yours，JohnDearJohn，I'mgladthatyouhavebeeninBeijingfortwomonths.Beijingisabigcityandtherearemanyinterestingplaces.___________Ifyouhaveanyquestions，youcansendanemailtome.Yours，LiHua20．每个人都有爱好，对不同事物、不同领域有着不同的兴趣。如果你喜欢画画，那一定会用画笔描绘出五彩斑斓的世界；如果你喜欢歌唱，那一定会让每一次演唱美妙传神；如果你喜欢运动，那一定会让自己的身姿更加矫健……请以"Hobby"为题，谈谈你的业余爱好是什么，你是怎样坚持自己的爱好以及你对爱好的看法。提示词语：learn，help，growasaperson，skill，friend提示问题：（1）Whatisyourhobby？（2）Howdoyoudevelopyourhobby？（3）Whatdoyouthinkofyourhobby？_______________________________

参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．【解答】分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是那个可爱的男孩是我兄弟，他的名字是Jason．前面是主语那个男孩，这里用形容词性物主代词his修饰后面的名词．故选：C．2．【解答】in在年，季，月的前面，from来自，at在几点，on在具体的某一天，或者某一天的上午，下午和晚上，Saturdaymorning要用on。故选：D。3．【解答】根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据题干推测句意是"大一点声说，这样所有人都能听见．"，引导结果状语从句用so；or"否则/或者"，for"因为"，but"但是"都不符合句意．故选：A．4．【解答】look看起来；smell闻起来；feel感觉起来；taste尝起来；由主语flowers和sweet，可知是花儿闻起来很香甜。故选：B。5．【解答】Howfar多远，是对距离进行提问；Howlong多长，是对长度或一段时间的提问；Howoften多久一次，是对频率进行的提问；Howold多大，是对年龄进行的提问。根据答语"Since2008."可知上文询问的是多长时间，因此疑问词用Howlong。故选：B。6．【解答】makesb.dosth.使得某人做某事，所以填动词原形grow。故选：A。7．【解答】Sb.spendsometimedoingsth.（某人花多长时间做某事），所以填动名词helping。故选：A。8．【解答】根据问句结合语境推测句意是"﹣﹣托尼在哪里？﹣﹣在操场上．他正在和朋友们打篮球．"，由此判断设空处的动作在说话时刻正在进行着，所以用现在进行时，现在进行时的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词；故选：D。9．【解答】根据句意：Tintin于20世纪80年代出现在中国，从那时起就一直很受欢迎。inthe1980s是一般过去时的标志。故选：A。10．【解答】hasgoneto现在完成时，去了；hasbeento现在完成时，去过；willgo一般将来时；went一般过去时。根据语境，可知格林小姐不在办公室。她去图书馆了。强调现在的情况，因此句子用现在完成时，hasgone。故选：A。11．【解答】havegoneto去了，现在完成时；havebeento去过，现在完成时；went一般过去时；go一般现在时。根据副词短语"sofar"可知，句子用现在完成时，结合语境，可知对美国非常熟悉，是因为到目前为止去过那儿很多次了，因此是去过，主语是I，助动词用have。故选：B。12．【解答】根据句意：﹣你去过香港吗？﹣是的，我每年都去那里。结合everyyear，可知时态是一般现在时，I接动词原形。故选：C。二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，将其字母代号写在题前括号内。13．【解答】31．C考查形容词．A表示重要的；B表示长的；C表示无聊的；D表示不同的．由Duringthewholeyear，ourgradehadlistenedtospeechesonthesetopicsoverandoveragain可知演讲应该是乏味的，所以此处选C，表示准备坐着听又一个无聊的演讲．32．B考查动词．A表示说；B表示想C表示放松；D表示想象．由Iactuallybegantothinkaboutwhatshewastalkingabout可知此处表示她知道如何触及我们的大脑并使我们思考，选B．33．A考查动词．A表示迫使；B表示同意；C表示建议；D表示鼓励．由上文的同学们捉弄男孩可知此处表示他们的玩笑会继续，直到教师强迫他们停止，选A．34．D考查名词．A表示平静；B表示吃惊；C表示怀疑D表示羞耻．由男孩迟到了被捉弄可知此处表示这个男孩会羞耻地将自己的头埋到课桌上，inshame羞愧．选D．35．B考查形容词．A表示懒的；B表示可怜的，穷的；C表示害羞的；D表示调皮的．由上文的男孩被捉弄可知此处表示对于这个可怜的男孩我真的感到难过，选B．36．A考查动词与固定搭配．laughat表示嘲笑；lookat表示看；pointat表示指向；shoutat表示朝…喊．结合语境可知此处表示我承诺这次没有人会嘲笑你，选A．37．C考查名词．A表示自豪；B表示兴趣；C表示勇气；D表示遗憾．由Thespeakercalledonme，andIbegantotalk可知此处表示那个时刻我有了勇气，选C，38．B考查副词．A表示几乎；B表示真地；C表示几乎不；D表示希望地．由．Iknowthatit'strue可知此处表示今天你说的真的有意义，选B．39．C考查动词．A表示忘记；B表示拒绝；C表示后悔；D表示介意．由Tous，itmayjustbeagame，buttohim，itmusthurt可知此处表示我真地后悔，选C．40．D考查动词．A表示帮助；B表示知道；C表示教；D表示对待．由Theystoppedplayingjokesonhimandgreetedhimwithafriendly可知此处表示其他同学开始对他更好了，选D．三、阅读理解（共26分，每小题2分）阅读下面A、B、C、D四篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项，将其字母代号写在题前括号内。14．【解答】细节理解题。（1）根据TheKissingHandismyfavoritestory.（《魔法亲亲》是我最喜欢的故事。）可知《魔法亲亲》是Mary最喜欢的书。故选C。（2）根据OnedaySonnymeetsJack，ajazzmusician.（一天，Sonny遇到了爵士音乐家Jack。）可知Jack是一位爵士音乐家。故选B。（3）根据MarceniaLyleisinterestedinbaseball.（MarceniaLyle对棒球感兴趣。）可知MarceniaLyle对棒球感兴趣。故选D。15．【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Johnwasamanagerinafactory.（约翰是一家工厂的经理。）可推理出，约翰在一家工厂里工作。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Afterashorttalk，Johncametoknowthatsheforgotherwayhomeandgotlost.（经过简短的交谈，约翰知道她忘了回家的路，迷路了。）可知，老太太迷路了。故选A。（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Intherestaurant，Johnorderedfoodanddrinkfortheoldwomanpolitely.Whileeating，sometimesshecarelesslysprinkled（撒）foodanddrinkonthetableandonhercoat.Othercustomersfeltdisgusted（厌恶的）atthissight.ButJohndidn'tcareaboutthis.Hestoodupandcleanedthetablefromtimetotimeinsilence.（在餐厅里，约翰礼貌地为老妇人点了食物和饮料。吃饭时，有时她不小心把食物和饮料洒在桌子上和外套上。其他顾客看到这一幕都感到恶心。但约翰并不在意这一点。他站起身来，不时默默地打扫桌子。）可知，约翰很善良。故选A。16．【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Acompletestrangerdonated（捐赠）akidneytohim.（一个完全陌生的人给他捐了一个肾。）可知，一个完全陌生的人给罗伯•莱博维茨捐了肾。故选C。（2）理解判断题。根据第三段However，gownsindifferentsizesandcolorsmighthelpgivethepatientsafeelingofcontrolandsupportespeciallywhensomuchisoutoftheircontrol.（然而，不同尺寸和颜色的病号服可能有助于给患者一种控制和支持的感觉，尤其是当如此多的事情超出他们的控制时。）可知，作者认为具有创意设计的病号服可以给患者带来良好的效果。故选D。（3）最佳标题题。第一段给出了一个时尚帮助医疗的实例，根据第一段Althoughthisstorymightbeunusual.itmademewonder：canmedicineandfashionintersectinotherways？（虽然这个故事可能不寻常。它让我想知道：医学和时尚能以其他方式产生联系吗？）可知文章主要介绍了时尚和医疗环境之间的一些实例，希望我们能多思考时尚如何更好的在医疗中发挥作用。故文章的最佳标题应是"时尚是为了健康"。故选A。17．【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Onthebackofthespacesuitisabackpack.ThisbackpackprovidestheO2thatastronautsbreatheduringaspacewalk.ItalsotakesCO2away.Thebackpackalsoprovideselectricityforthesuit.（宇航服的背面是一个背包。这个背包提供宇航员在太空行走时呼吸的氧气。它还带走二氧化碳。背包还为宇航服提供电力。）可知，宇航服的背包可以提供电力。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第一段Ifanastronautbecameseparatedfromthespacestation，heorshecoulduseSAFERtoflyback.（如果宇航员与空间站分离，他或她可以使用SAFER返回。）可知，SAFER帮助宇航员返回空间站。故选B。（3）段落大意题。根据第二段Spacesuitshelpastronautsinseveralways.（宇航服在多方面帮助宇航员。）第三段SpacesuitsalsoprovideastronautswithO2tobreathewhiletheyareinspace.Theycontainwatertodrinkduringspacewalks.Theyprotectastronautsfrombeinghitbyasmallobjectinspace.（宇航服还为宇航员在太空中呼吸提供氧气。宇航服中含有水，可以在太空行走时饮用。宇航服可以保护宇航员不被太空中的小物体击中。）以及Spacesuitsalsoprotectastronautsfromradiationinspace.Thesuitsevenhavepartstoprotectastronauts'eyesfromthebrightsunlight.（宇航服还保护宇航员免受太空辐射。宇航服甚至有保护宇航员眼睛免受阳光照射的部件。）可知，第二段和第三段主要讲述了为什么宇航员需要宇航服。故选D。（4）词义猜测题。根据第四段Thesepartshavedifferentfunctions.Theycandomanydifferentthings，fromkeepingO2withinthespacesuittoprotectingfrombeinghit.（这些部件有不同的功能。它们可以做很多不同的事情，从将氧气保持在宇航服内到防止被击中。）可知，functions是功能的意思，与uses意思相同。故选C。四、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题10分）阅读短文，根据内容回答问题。18．【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Wemustlistentothebiologicalclockinsideourbodies，whichisanaturalsysteminlivingthingsthatcontrolsregularphysicalactivitiessuchassleeping.（我们必须倾听我们体内的生物钟，生物钟是生物中的一个自然系统，它控制着诸如睡眠等规律的身体活动。）可知，我们体内有生物钟。故填Thebiologicalclock.（2）细节理解题，根据第三段Barbaraexercisedeverymorning.Shewokeupat6：00a.m.Sheranabouttwomilesbeforeshewenttowork.ButBarbara'slegsandbackstartedtohurt.（Barbara每天早上锻炼身体。她早上6