内科-名词解释

Evidenve-basedmedicine，EBM循证医学Communityacquiredpneumonia，CAP社区获得性肺炎Hospitalacquiredpneumonia，HAP医院获得性肺炎Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease，COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾病Bronchiectasis支气管扩张Drybronchiectasis干性支气管扩张部分患者以反复咯血为唯一症状，平时无咳嗽咳痰，多发生于引流良好的上叶⽀支⽓气管Bronchialasthma支气管哮喘气道高反应气道重构SilentChest沉默肺corpulmonale肺炎Lungabscess肺脓肿pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压Chronicpulmonaryheartdisease慢性肺心病Pulmonaryinfarction，PI肺梗死Venousthromboembolism，VTE静脉血栓栓塞症Respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭（II型）Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome，ARDS呼吸窘迫综合症Primarycomplex原发综合征Pancoast瘤肺上沟瘤Horner综合症Paraneoplasticsyndrome副癌综合症Non-small-celllungcarcinoma,NSCLC非小细胞肺癌Superiorvenacavasyndrome，SVCS上腔静脉压迫综合症气胸PSP原发性自发性气胸 SSP继发性自发性气胸ensionpneumothorax张力性气胸Closedpneumothorax闭合性气胸胸膜反应Hamman征Light标准科赫（Koch）现象开放菌阴综合征净化空洞结核球carcinoid心内★★Diastolicheartfailure舒张性心力衰竭Heartfailure心力衰竭CRT心脏再同步化治疗双心室起搏Primaryhypertension难治性高血压Hypertensivecrisis高血压危象Acceleratedhypertension急进性高血压高血压急症恶性高血压Hypertensiveencephalopathy高血压脑病Secondaryhypertension继发性高血压Sicksinussyndrome，SSS病窦综合征Adams-Stokessyndrome冠心病缺血性心脏病Anginapectoris心绞痛稳定型心绞痛new-onsetanignapectorisacceleratedanginapectorisdysfunctionorruptureofpapillarymuscleX综合征：通常指患者具有⼼绞痛或⼼绞痛症状，平板实验st段下移，但冠脉造影⽆表现⼼肌桥变异性心绞痛Coronaryatherosclerosisheartdisease冠心病Acutecoronarysyndrome，ACS急性冠脉综合症Cardiacaneurysm心室壁瘤★Postinfartionsyndrome梗死后综合症⼼脏⽓球样变Takostubocardiomyopathy与情绪激动或精神刺激有关，伤⼼综合征，除外冠脉狭窄，左⼼室功能受损Graham-Steell杂音感染性心内膜炎Roth斑Osler结节Janeway损害急性Eisenmengersyndrome艾森曼格综合症TetralogyofFallot，F4法洛四联症Dilatedcardimomyopathy，DCM扩张型心肌病Hypertrophiccardimomyopathy，HCM肥厚型心肌病Restrictivecardimomyopathy,RCM限制型心肌病SAM征收缩期二尖瓣前叶前移Ewart征心包积液征cardiactamponade⼼脏压塞：⼼包炎症或其他病因会造成⼼包积液，积液迅速或积液量过⼤时，可造成⼼输出量和回⼼⾎量减少。28beck三联征低⾎压⼼⾳低弱Kussmaul征：吸气时周围静脉回流增多，缩窄的心包使得心室无法适应性舒张，静脉怒张更明显。消化内科Grastroesophagealrefluxdisease，GERD胃食管反流症复合性溃疡Postbulbarulcer球后溃疡Penetratingulcer穿透性溃疡多发性消化性溃疡★Stomalulcer吻合口性溃疡★Inflammatoryboweldisease，IBD炎症性肠病Ulcerativecolitis，UC溃疡性结肠炎ToxicmegacolonCrohn’sdisease克罗恩病IBS肠易激惹综合征Functionaldyspepsia功能性消化不良钡剂激惹征：溃疡性肠结核TuberculousperitonitisKoch现象Hepaticcirrhosis肝硬化Portalhypertension门脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张：门脉：胃冠状静脉腔静脉：食管静脉，奇静脉Retzius静脉：腹壁后静脉顽固性腹水Mallory-WeissSyndrome马洛里-魏斯综合征Hepatorenalsyndrome，HRS肝肾综合症Hepaticencephalopathy肝性脑病亚临床轻微隐性肝性脑病Primarybiliarycirrhosis，PBC原发性胆汁性肝硬化Spontaneousbacterialperitonitis，SBP自发性细菌性腹膜炎伴癌综合征：低血糖红细胞增多高钙高脂Grey-turner症及Cullen症肾脏内科★隐匿性肾小球肾炎Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis,RPGN急进性肾小球肾炎★★IgAnephropathyIgA肾病★★★Nephroticsyndrome肾病综合症★★Proteinuria蛋白尿★Oliguria少尿★★★★Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎血液内科★★★Anaemia贫血★★★Myelodysplasticsyndrome，MDS骨髓增生异常综合症★★★★Leukemoidreaction类白血病反应Chloroma绿色瘤白血病完全缓解★Hypersplenism脾功能亢进★★Agranulocytosis粒细胞缺乏DIC弥漫性血管内凝血87. ★IdiopathicThrombocytopenicPurpura，ITP过敏性紫癜内分泌科88. ★Gravesdisease89. ★Thyroidcrisis甲状腺危象90. ★Exophthalmusinfiltrative浸润性突眼91. ★★Hyperthyroidheartdisease甲亢性心脏病92. ★★★Diabeticnephropathy糖尿病肾病93. ★★★Insulinresistance胰岛素抵抗94. Dawnphenomenon黎明现象95. Somogyi效应96. ★★Diabeticketoacidosis，DKA糖尿病酮症酸中毒97. ★Cushingsyndrome库欣综合征98. Adrenalcrisis肾上腺危象99.Addison病风湿免疫科100. ★★★Rheumaticdiseases风湿性疾病101. Raynaudphenomenon雷诺现象