国际私法（国际课程）教学大纲

《国际私法国际课程》教学大纲

一、教学目标

本课程在比较法视野下审视审视国际私法，以当代国际私法实践，尤其是中国国际私法

最新的理论、立法与实践为着眼点来进行课程设计与教学。本课程实行全英语教学。

本课程的教学目标是：1、掌握国际私法的基本理论和基础知识：2、了解国国际私法法

的前沿问题和最新动态：3、熟悉国际私法关术语的英文表达：4、掌握一带一路倡议下中国

国际私法的新问题、新发展；5、能够运用所学知识，分析和解决涉外相关法律实务问题。

开设本课程，旨在通过理论教学与实践操作训练，使学生掌握国际私法基础知识，包括

有关国际民事诉讼管辖权、外国人的法律地位、冲突规范、法律适用、国际民事司法协助、

国际民商事争议解决机制等等议题。本课程通过英语授课的形式，旨在培养同学们的实务外

语技能，促使同学将所学知识与中国提出的一带一路倡议相接轨，从而更好地为今后的学习

和实践服务。

Preface

Inaworldwhichisshrinkingbyincreasedandimprovedneansofcommunicationand

exchange,privateinternationallaw,especially,inacomparativeperspective,hasacquired

extraordinaryimportanceandbecomeanindispensabletoolforalllawyers.Itisinthissensethat

thisCoursefulfilsitsutilitarianpurpose,asitexploresbothdoctrinalandpragmaticaspectsof

ChineseprivateinternationallawwithinthecontextoftheBelt&RoadInitiative.

ThisCourseisdesignedfbruseinatypicalthree-creditcourseonprivateinternationallaw

taughtinEnglish,whichisdevoted(oprovidingdetailedandin-depthanalysisofthecurrent

conflictrulesinChinaconcerningjurisdiction,choiceoflawandforeignjudgmentsandawardsin

civilandcommercialrelateddisputes,andtocanyingoutupdatedcaseanalysiswhichcould

discoverthejudicialpracticein:hcChinesePeople'sCourts.

PartIconsistsofthreechapterswhichprovidesanintroductiontothecoursewithout

enmeshingstudentsindetailsandcomplexitiesbetterprovidedinlaterparts.ChapterIisa

generaldescriptionofprivateinternationallawwhereitsname,scope,nature,definition,raisons

d'etreandsourcesarediscussed.Theremainingtwochaptersexaminethesourcesofprivate

internationallawandavitalconceptofoursubject-"ConflictRules”respectively.

PartIIexploresthehistoricaldevelopmentwhichiscomposedofthreechapters,i.e.,the

EuropeanContinentalHistory,theAnglo-AmericanHistory,andtheChineseHistory.Thispartis

important,insofarasmodernprivateinternationallawhasbeenstronglyinfluencedbyitsown

history.

PartIIIturnstothe"'SubjectsofPrivateinternationalLaw”.UndertheChinesescholarship,

naturalpersonsandlegalpersonsasclassifiedas“regularsubjects^^,whilestatesandinternational

organizationsas^exceptionalsubjecis”.Thefirsttwochaptersofthispartlayoutthenationality

anddomicileofnaturalpersonsandlegalpersons;andthelastchapterdiscussestheissuesof

slatesandimenialioiialuiganizalioiisas(hesubjccisofprivalcimcnialionallaw.China'sposiiion

andpracticeontheimmunitiesofslatesand(heirpropertyhavealsobeenthoroughlyanalyzedin

chapter3.

PartIVdealswith^JurisdictionofCourtsinInternationalCivilLitigation”.Asjurisdictionis

usuallythefirstissuethatacourthastodealwithwhenadisputeissubmittedbeforei(.thispart

examinesthejurisdictionofcourtsininternationalcivillitigationpriortothediscussionofchoice

oflawissues.Chapter1providesacomprehensiveexegesisofthebasicsofinternationalcivil

jurisdiction.Chapter2summarizesandanalyzesthecurrentChineselegislationandjudicial

practiceoninternationalciviljurisdiction;thereafteritprovidesconnncntsandsuggestions.

PartVspellsoutthe“GeneralPartofConflictsLaw”,v/hichexaminesanumberof

conceptualissuesrecurindiscussionsofchoice-of-lawproblemssuchascharacterization,renvoi,

proofofforeignlaw,evasionoflawandordrepublicreservation.

Entitled^'SelectedAreasofConflictRules,PartVI.exposesstudentstothecoresetofissues

neededtounderstandprivateinternationallaw.Thispartfocusesonconflictrulesthatscatter

throughvariousChineselaws,includingnewConflictsActof2010,whosebalancewillbe

devotedtoasurveyofselectedareasofChineseconflictrules,scrutinizingtherelevantlegislation

aswellasjudicialpracticeand.providingsystematiccomments.Theconflictrulesforcapacity,

contract,(ort,familyissues,successionandpropertyarcselectedasthetopicsofdiscussioninthis

part.Thehighlightedareasarechosenpartlyfortheirimportanceintermsoftheireffectonthe

relationshipsbetweenChinaandotherstatesandbetweenChinesecitizensandforeigners,and

partlybecauseof(helackofavailablematerialsotherthanthesesubjects.

PartVIIis''RecognitionandEnforcementofJudgmentsandAwards”whichincludestwo

chapters.Chapter1providesanoverviewoftherecognitionandenforcementofforeignjudgments

andaddressestherecognitionandenforcementofforeignjudgmentsinChina.Chapter2reviews,

interalia,thedistinctionbetweenrecognitionandenforcement,theregimeforrecognitionand

enforcementofforeignawardsinChinaand,theapplicationoftheNewYorkConventionin

China.

本课程使用的教材：

霍政欣著：高等院校法学专•业双语课程规划教材：《国际私法》，对外经贸大学出版社2017

年版。

二、课程纲要

PartOneIntroduction

ChapterOneDescriptionoftheSubject

[LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Statethedefinitionofprivateinternationallawfromtheperspectiveofcomparativelaw

☆Define“foreignclcmcnt^^inChineselegalcontext

☆UnderstandIhescopeandnatureofprivateinternationallawfromtheperspectiveof

comparativelaw

☆ComprehendthereasonswhyChinesescholarshipupholdabroaderscopeofprivate

internationallaw

☆Understandtheraisonsd'etreofprivateinternationallaw

[KeyConceptionsorTerms]

privateinternationallaw,conflictoflaws,foreignelement,sovereignly,forumshopping

【CaseStudy]

On23May2004,asectionofthefuturistic,cylindricalpassengertcnninalatParis'Charles

deGaulleaiiportcollapsed,killingfourpeople.ThedeadincludedtwoChinese,oneCzechand

oneUkrainian.Threeotherpeoplewereinjuredinthecollapse.InFebruary2005,theresultsfrom

theadministrativeinquirywerepublished.Theexpertspointedoutthattherewasnosinglefault,

bulratherunumberofcausesforthecollapse,inadesignthathadlittlemarginforsafety.The

enquiryfoundtheconcretevaultedroofwasnotresilientenoughandhadbeenpiercedbymetallic

pillarsandsomeopeningsweakenedthestructure.Sourcesclosetotheenquiryalsodisclosedthat

thewholebuildingchainhadworkedasclosetothelimitsaspossible,soastoreducecosts.Paul

Andreu,thedesigneroftheterminal,denouncedthebuildingcompaniesforhavingnotcorrectly

preparedthereinforcedconcrete.

Whereshouldthevictimsortheirrelativessuefordamages?Whomshouldthevictimssue?

Whatlawcontrolstheirclaims?Shoulddifferentlawsgovernthevictimsofdifferentnationalities?

ArctheplaintiffsentitledtothebenefitoftheFrenchrulethatallowsanawardof“moral

damages“forgriefoverthelossoftheinjuryofcloserelatives?Iftheplaintiffschosetosubmit

theirclaimsbeforeaFrenchcourtinParis,canthejudgmentrenderedbythatFrenchcourtbe

recognizedinChina?

Thiscaseprovidestheissueswithwhichprivateinternationallawhastocope.Thelegal

issuesitposesarcdifficultbecauselawhasbecometheprerogativeoftcnitorialsovereigns,

whereashumanaffairsfreelycrossstateandnationalboundaries.Asthiscaseillustrates,the

tensionbetweensovereigntyandmobilityraisesaseriousofquestionswhichcanbegrouped

togetherunderthefollowingthreeheadings:

(1)Jurisdiction(wherecan(hepartiesresolveadisputebysuitorothermeans,suchas

arbitrationorreconciliation?)

(2)Choiceoflaw(whatlawwillajudgeoranarbitratorapplytoresolvethedispute?)

(3)Recognizeandenforcementofjudgmentsorawards(whatwillbe(heeffectofany

judgmentoraward?Ortobemorespecific,canotherjurisdictionsandnationsbeexpectedto

honorthedeterminationsofthecourtorthearbitratorsthatdecidedthedispute?)

Basically,theabovethreequestionsconsistofthemaintopicsofprivateinternationallaw.

Consequently,thesubjectmatterofthiscourseiscentraltoplanninginternationaltransactionsand

toresolvingdisputesresultingfromthosetransactions.

[Exercise]

(1)WhatisprivateinternationallawundertheChinesedoctrine?

(2)AccordingtotheargumentsofChinesescholars,whatisthenatureofprivate

intemationallaw?

(3)WhatistheAirplaneDoctrine”advocatedbyProf.HANDepei?

(4)Whaiisthe“liberalihree-elemenl-iest'"?

(5)Istheapplicationofforeignlawanencroachmentondiesovereigntyoftheforum?Why?

(6)Whatisforumshopping?Isfbiumshoppingefficientorinefficient?

ChapterTwoSourcesofPrivateInternationalLaw

【LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Definesourcesoflaw

☆Understandsourcesofprivateinternationallawfromtheperspectiveofcomparativelaw

☆StatesourcesofprivateinternationallawinChina

☆ComprehendthestatusofdifferentsourcesunderChineselegalstructure

【KeyConceptionsorTerms】

source,legislation,caselaw,internationalconvention,internatiomdpractice

【CaseStudy]

InJanuary2011,P.Chinesenational,tookaJapanAirlinesplanefromBeijingtoTokyo.

However,theJALflightwasforcedtodiverttoOsakaairportratherthanlandatNaritaairportdue

topoorweatherconditions.Pwasforcedtostayintheairportwaitinghallwithoutadequatefood

orwaterduringanunscheduledlayoverwhichlastedunexpectedlyforsixteenhours.Pclaimed

thatpassengersofothernationalitieswereallowedtoleaveandwereprovidedwithhotel

accommodation;JALofficials,onthecontrary,saidthattherehadbeennodiscrimination,andthat

passengersofallnationalitieshadbeentreatedequally.AfterhisreturntoBeijing.Pwasplanning

tosueJALforcompensations.

Duetothelackofsolidevidencetosupporttheallegeddiscrimination,thedisputewas

resolvedasamatterofserviceprovisionrather(handiscrimination.Asneitherinternational

conventiontowhichChinaisacontractingparlynorChinesedomesticlawprovidesanyarticle

regulatingthespecificserviceofcanierintheabovedescribedsituation,theCounselofPrelied

ontheinternationalpractice(ov/intheclaim.

[Exercise]

(1)Whatissourceoflaw?Fromtheperspectiveofcomparativelaw,whatarcsourcesof

privateinternationallaw?

(2)Summarizethedevelopmenttrendsofmodernprivateinternationallawlegislation.

(3)Analyzethestatusofstatuteasasourceoflawincommonlawcountries.

(4)SummarizesourcesofprivateinternationallawinChina

(5)Statetheroleofcourtsinthedevelopmentofprivateinternationallaw,andthestatusof

judicialdecisionsinChina.

ChapterThreeConflictRules

[LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Statethedefinitionandstructureofconflictrules

☆Definetheconnectingfactors

☆Distinguishunilateralconflictrulesfrommultilateralconflictrules

☆Memorizethemostimportantconnectingfactors

[KeyConceptionsorTerms]

legalcategory,attribution,connectingfactor,unilateral,multilaterd

[Exercise]

(1)Whatareconflictrules?Whatarethedifferencesbetweenconflictrulesandsubstantive

rules?

(2)Whalisaconnectingfactor?Whatisitsroleinaconflictrule?

(3)Whatare(hecategoriesofconflictrules?

(4)Whatarc(hemostimpcrlantconnectingfactors?

PartTwoABriefHistoryofPrivateInternationalLaw

ChapterOneTheEuropeanContinentalHistory

LLearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆UnderstandthelegalenvironmentinAncientGreeceandRomanEmpire

☆Define''personallawperiod”

☆UnderstandthebasicargumentsoftheItalian,French,andDutchSchoolofStatuteTheories

☆Comprehendtheseattheory

☆Understandtheunderliningthreadofthehistoricdevelopmentofprivateinternationallawin

theEuropeancontinent

[KeyConceptionsorTerms]

personallaw,statutetheoiy,comity,seat

【Exercise]

(1)Whydothemajorityofscholarsconcludethatconflict-of-lawsystemdidnotexistin

ancientGreeceandRome?

(2)WhatarcthenuyorargumentsofBartolus?

(3)ComparethedoctrineofD'argentreandthatofDumoulin,andanalyzethereasonsbehind

theirdifferences.

(4)WhatarcthreeaxiomsofHuber?Whyarc(heyimportantinthehistoryofprivate

inteniationallaw?

(5)WhatisthemodernfeatureofprivateinternationallawinEuropeancountries?

ChapterTwoTheAnglo-AmericanHistory

【LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Understand(helegalenvironmentinEnglandbeforethe16thcenturyanditsimpactonthe

developmentofconflictslaw

☆DefinetheVestedRightsDoctrine

☆UnderstandthelegalenvironmentintheUnitedStatesanditsimpactonthedevelopmentof

conflictslaw

☆ComprehendthemajordoctrinesappearedintheAmericanConflictsRevolution

☆EvaluatetheinfluenceoftheAmericanConflictsRevolution

[KeyConceptionsorTerms]

vestedrights,AmericanConflictsRevolution,locallaw.governmenialinterestanalysis

【CaseStudy]

Babcockv.Jackson,191N.E.2d279(N.Y.1963)

AhusbandandwifefromNewYorkwentonacartripwithafriendBabcocktoOntario.

WhileinOntariotheyhadamotorvehicleaccident.BabcocksuedJackson,thedriver,claiming

theirnegligencecaused(hecarcrash.

Thiscasebroughtupaquestionof“choiceoflaw";ifthelawoftheplaceofresidenceofthe

accidentvictims(NewYork)beapplied,or,shouldthelawof(heplaceofthetort(Ontario)be

applied.Under(heoldconflictrules,thelawoftheplaceoftheaccidentshouldapply.However,

Ontariohadalawthatprohibitedpassengersfromsuingthedriver.

Thecourtrejectedatraditionalfixedmethodofdeterminingwhichlawshouldapply,and

instead,aprocessofweighingfactorssuchasrelationshipbetweentheparty,decisiontotakethe

trip,connectionstothelocality.Thus,theCourtheldthatthepartiesdidnothavesubstantial

connectionwithOntarioandsoitwouldbeunfairtoapplythekwasthelocationwaslargely

fortuitous.TheCourtfoundthatthejurisdictionwiththemostconnectionswasNewYorkandso

NewYorklawshouldapply.

ThisisalandmarkU.S.caseonconflictoflawswhichimplied(hattheAmericanconflictslaw

abandonedthevestedrightsdoctrineandanticipatedtheAmericanConflictsRevolution.

[Exercise]

(1)WhyprivateinternationallawinEnglanddevelopedmuchlater(han(hatontheEurope

continent?

(2)Afterthe18thcentury,thelegalenvironmentinBritainhadchangedfundamentally;can

youdescribethosechangesar.danalyzetheirimpactonthedevelopmentofEnglishprivate

inteniationallaw?

(3)SummarizetheopinionofJosephStoryontheconflictoflaws.

(4)Listthemajordoctrinesthatoccurredduring(heAmericanConflictsRevolution.

ChapterThreeTheChineseHistory

【LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆ComprehendthearticlesrelatedtoprivateinternationallawintheTangCode

☆UnderstandthelegalenvironmentandtraditioninancientChinesesocietyandtheirimpacton

thedevelopment

☆Define“foreignconsularjurisdiclion^^

☆UnderstandthebasiccontentoftheconflictsActof1918

☆Comprehendthehistoricdevelopmentofprivateinternationallawduringthefirstthree

decadesaftertheestablishmentofthePeople,sRepublicofChina

☆Evaluatethedevelopmentofprivateinternationallawafterthe1980sinmainlandChina

☆EvaluatethedevelopmentofprivateinternationallawaftertheBelt&RoadInitiative

【KeyConceptionsorTerms]

TangCode,foreignconsularjurisdiction,openandreform,legislation

[Exercise]

(1)WhatarethebasicconJitionsfortheexistenceanddevelopmentofprivateinternational

law?DoyoubelievethatsuchconditionsexistedinAncientChina?Why?

(2)After(hemid-19,hcentury,didChinaprovideaspawninggroundfbrprivateinternational

lawtodevelop?Why?WhyLIHongzhanglamentedthatthegreatchangesthatChinawas

witnessingatthattimehadneverhappenedduringthelastthreethousandyears?

(3)SummarizethefeaturesoftheActof1918,andtrytoprovideanobjectiveevaluation.

(4)SummarizethedevelopmentofprivateinternationallawinChinabetween1949and

1978.

(5)Summarizethedevelopmentofprivateinternationallawafter2013whenBelt&Road

Initiativewaspublished

PartThreeSubjectsofPrivateInternationalLaw

ChapterOneNaturalPersons

【LearningOutcomes]

Rytheendofthis;Chapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldheablelo:

☆Statethedefinitionofnationalityanditslegalimplicationsbothinpublicintcniationallaw

andprivateinternationallav/

☆Understandthereasonsfortheconflictofnationalitiesandtheapproachestosolvingsuch

conflict

☆Definedomicileandihedifferenttypesofdomiciles

☆Distinguishdomicilefromhabitualresidence

【KeyConceptionsorTerms]

nationality,domicile,residence,habitualresidence

【CaseStudy]

A,whowasoriginallyaRussian,attheageoftwentiestraveledtotheUnitedStateswiththe

intentionofmakingherpermanenthomethereandacquiringanAmericannationality.Afterher

marriagewithanAmerican,sheobtainsAmericancitizenshipandanAmericandomicileby

Americanlaw,butRussiarecognizesdualcitizenship,therefore,sheisofbothAmericanand

Russiannationalities.InMay2011,shetraveledtoChinaforbusinesswhereshegotinvolvedina

civildisputewithaChinesenational.AquestionbeforetheChinesecourt,therefore,wasto

determinewhichnationalityshepossesses.ResortingtoArticle19oftheConflictsActof2010,

theChinesecourtdeemedherasanAmerican,insofarasshehasdomicile(andcertainlyhabitual

residence)intheUnitedStates.

[Exercise]

(1)Whatisnationality?Inthecontextofprivateinternationallaw,whynationalityisanimportant

definition?

(2)Howdoesconflictofnationalitiesarise?Fromtheperspectiveofcomparativelaw,whatare

theapproachestosolvingsuchconflict?

(3)SummarizethebasiccontentofChineseNationalityLaw.andanalyzethereasonswhydual

citizenshipisnotpermittedunderthisLaw.Giventheinternationalanddomesticsituationinthe

21stcentury,doyouthinkitisv/iseandnecessarytoamendthisLawtorecognizedualcitizenship?

Why?

(4)Whatisdomicile?Whatisresidence?Whatishabitualresidence?

(5)Fromtheperspectiveofcomparativelaw,whataretheapproachestosolvingtheconflictof

domiciles?

ChapterTwoLegalPersons

【LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Statethedefinitionoflegalpersonsandtheirroleininternationaleconomicexchanges

☆Understandthemajorapproachestodeterminingthenationalityofalegalpersonandtheir

respectiveadvantagesanddisadvantages

☆Definemukinationalcorporations

☆Caniprehendth?principletndeterminethenationalitycfamultinationalcorporation

☆Understand(hemajorapproachestodetenniningthedomicileofalegalpersonandtheir

respectiveadvantagesanddisadvantages

☆Statethemeanstorecognizeaforeignlegalperson

【KeyConceptionsorTerms]

legalperson,(hetheoryofcontrol,placeofestablishment,multinationalcorporation,recognition

【CaseStudy]

Wheni(wasincorporated,ShanghaiYong'anCorporationwasofAmericannationality.After

theoutbreakoftheWorldWarII,theCorporationchangeditsnationalitytoChineseinorderto

safeguarditselffromtheJapaneseoppressionuntiltheendoftheWarwhenitresumedits

Americannationality.AftertheestablishmentofthePRC,however,theChinesegovernment

classifiedtheCorporationasaChinesecorporation,disregardingitsAmericannationality,onthe

groundthatitwasinvestedbyChinesenationalsandhadbeenoperatedandcontrolledbythe

Chinesenationals.

Inthiscase,thenationalityofalegalpersonisdeterminedbythatofwhomitactually

belongsandwhocontrolsit,whchiscalled“thetheoryofcontrol”.

(Exercise]

(1)WhatisalegalpersonandhowisitsnationalitydeterminedundertheChineselaw?

(2)Whatis、'ihctheoryofcontrol”todeterminethenationalityofalegalperson?Please

evaluatethistheoryindetail.

(3)Whatisamultinationalcorporation?Howisthenationalityofamultinationalcorporation

determined?

(4)Whatarethethreemajerapproachestodeterminingthedomicileofalegalperson?

(5)Whatisrecognitionofforeignlegalpersons?Howarelawsappliedintheprocessof

recognizingaforeignlegalperson?

ChapterThreeStatesandInternationalOriginations

[LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Understandthecharacteristicsofstatesasthesubjectsofprivateofprivateinternationallaw

☆Statethemajordoctrinesoftheimmunitiesofstatesandtheirproperty

☆ComprehendChina'spositionandpracticeon(heimmunitiesofstatesandtheirproperty

☆Defineinternationalorganizationsinthischapter

☆Understandtheapplicablelawofinternationalorganizations

【KeyConceptionsorTerms]

sovereignty,immunity,absolutedoctrine,restrictivedoctrineinternationalorganizations

[CaseStudy]

ThePhilippineAdmiral,thevessel,wasownedbythePhilippinegovernment,hadwrits

issuedagainstitinHongKongbytwoshippingcorporations.InMay1973P(aHongKong

ShippingCompany)broughtactionintheSupremeCourtofHongKongagainst(heShip

(PhilippineAdmiral)forgoodssuppliedanddisbursementsmadefortheship.Thewritwasserved

onL.WhentheGovernmentoftheRepublicofthePhilippinesheardoftheactionsagainstthe

Ship,itappliedtothecourtfcrtheproceedingsbesetasideonthegroundthattheship,the

properlyoftheGovernmentwasentitledtosovereignimmunity.

ThePrivyCouncil,hearingthecaseonappealfromtheSupremeCourtofHongKong,

reviewedpreviousdecisionsonsovereignimmunityandconcludedthatitwouldnotfollowthe

PortoAlexandrecase.LordCrossgavefourreasonsfornotfollowingtheearliercase.First,that

theCourtofAppealwronglyfeltthattheywereboundbytheParleinentdecision.Secondly,

thattheHouseofLordsinTheCristinahadbeendividedontheissueofimmunityforstate-owned

vesselsengagedincommerce.Thirdly,thatthetrendofopinionwasagainsttheabsoluteimmunity

doctrine;andfourthlythatitwas"wrong'toapplythedoctrinesincestatescouldintheWestern

worldbesuedintheirowncourtsoncommercialcontractsandtherewasnoreasonwhyforeign

statesshouldnotbeequallyliabletobesued.Thus,thePrivyCouncilheldthatincaseswherea

state-ownedmerchantshipinvolvedinordinarytradewastheobjectofawrit,ilwouldnotbe

entitledtosovereignimmunityandthelitigationwouldproceed.

Thedecisionof(hiscasemarksthatBritainswitchesitspoisonontheimmunitiesofstates

andtheirpropertyfromutheAbsoluteDoctrineto"theRestrictiveDoctrine.,,

[Exercise)

(1)Asthesubjectsofprivateinternationallaw,staleshavecertaincharacteristics,whatare

thosecharacteristics?

(2)Canyousuimnarizethehistoricdevelopmentofthedoctrineofimmunitiesofstatesand

theirproperty?

(3)SummarizeChina'spositionandpracticeontheimmunitiesofstatesandtheirproperty.

(4)WhatisyoursuggestiontoChinaontheimmunitiesofstatesandtheirpropertyunderthe

B&RInitiative?

PartFourInternationalCivilJurisdiction

ChapterOneBasicTheoryofJurisdiction

[LearningOutcomes]

BytheendofthisChapterandtherelevantreadings,youshouldbeableto:

☆Definethemeaningofjurisdictioninthecontextofprivateintemalionallaw

☆Statethecategoriesofjurisdictionsfromtheperspectiveofcomparativelaw

☆Understandthereasonswh)conflictofjurisdictionsarcinevitable

☆Comprehendtheapproachestosolvingconflictofjurisdiclionsbolhatinternationalleveland

domesticlevel

【KeyConceptionsorTerms]

jurisdiction,TerriforinIjurisdiction,personaljurisdicrion.inpresotutmjurisdiction,inrein

jurisdiction

【CaseStudy]

SinochcmInternationalv.MalaysiaInternationalShippingCorp"

Acontractbetweenpetitioner(Sinochem).aChinesestate-ownedimporter,andanAmerican

corporationnotaparty(Triorient)hereprovidedthatSinochemv/ouldpurchasesteelcoilsand

thatTriorientwouldbepaidunderaletterofcreditbyproducingavalidbillofladingcertifying

thatthecoilshadbeenloadedforshipmenttoChinaonorbeforeApril30,2003.Triorient

subcharteredavesselownedbyrespondent(MalaysiaInternational),aMalaysiancompany,to

transportthecoils,andhiredastevedoringcompanytoloadthecoilsinPhiladelphia.Abillof

lading,datedApril30,2003,triggeredpaymentundertheletterofcredit.Sinochempetitioned

GuangzhouadmiraltycourtinChinaforpreservationofamaritimeclaimagainstMalaysia

Internationalandarrestofthevessel,allegingthattheMalaysiancompanyhadfalselybackdated

thebilloflading.TheChinesecourtorderedtheshiparrested,andSinochemtimelyfileda

complaintinthattribunal.TheChineseadmiraltycourtrejectedMalaysiaIntemalional's

jurisdictionalobjectionstoSinochem'scomplaintandthatrulingwasaffirmedonappeal.

ShortlyaftertheChineseadmiraltycourtorderedthevessel'sarrest,MalaysiaInternational

tiledthisactioninaUnitedStatesDistrictCourt,assertingthatSinochem'spreservationpetition

totheChinesecourtcontainedmisrepresentations,andseekingcompensationforlossessustained

duetotheship'