英语音标教案-四

国际音标教案授课人：Lesson1音素、音标及分类音素是最小的语音单位。英语共有48个音素，其中20个为元音音素，24个为辅音音素。元音可分为单元音和双元音。单元音又有长元音和短元音之分。长元音用/：/符号表示。辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分。元音的发音特点是气流通过口腔时，不受任何阻碍，声带振动。学习元音时，最主要的是掌握舌、唇、牙床三者的位置。辅音的发音特点是气流通过口腔或鼻腔时，受到舌、唇、齿等发音器官的阻碍。发音时声带不振动的是清辅音；声带振动的是浊辅音。发辅音时，要注意不可加入元音成分。音标是音素的书面符号，用来注明字母和单词的读音。每一个音标代表一个音素，写在方括号[]或双斜线//内。元音辅音[i：]发音要领：口微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬起，但不能触到上颚，双唇向两旁伸开，呈扁平型，似微笑状。ebemehesheweeeseemeetweektreesleepfreethreegreeneameatseateachercleanreadbeachbeaneatjeansleafeeChinesetheseevening[ɪ]发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，双唇自然张开，齿间可容下一小手指。双唇自然张开，两颊放松，口腔肌肉放松。iitinisfilmsixshipsitfishydirtyveryluckycitymanybusyeasyhappy{词尾的y}eymonkeymoneydonkey例：heshewemefeetbeemeetbeeffeedheelmeatpeapeachreadteapigkickshipdishbigcitybusyhappyeasymoneymonkeydonkey爆破音[p][b][p]发音要领：双唇紧闭，形成完全阻塞，气流经双唇突然冲出，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。ppenparkpickpigpandapianoparrotapplepuppetmopstoplampsleepsheepship[b]发音要领：发音位置与口型与[p]相同。不同的是[b]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动bbigbatbutterbatbigbutbikerubbernumbertablememberrubbishReviewandTest一、将你听到的音正确排序。

/bi:p//p//bɪp//b//pi:b//pɪb/二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

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请标出划线字母的音标Lesson2前元音[e][æ][e]发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，舌前部抬至硬腭，口腔为半张半闭。牙床半开，齿间可容下一个食指。双唇松弛地展向两侧ebedredpetdeskegghentenlegeaweatherheadbreadhealthquestionamanyanyat[æ]发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，牙床开得较大，齿间可容下两个食指。唇形稍扁，向两边平伸aapplebadcatfatblackflaghandrabbitantbatfamilyhappycapmapfatbadbankcatchmatchmanlampfanmatbaghat短语练习：Afactisafact.That’sthat.Ablackcatiscatchingafatrat.Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.对比练习：pen-panguess-gasbeg-bagset-sadhead-hadlend-landIhaveapenandabag.Applesareredandyellow.爆破音[t][d][t]发音要领：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成完全阻塞。气流从舌尖和上齿龈间冲出，舌尖弹开，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。[d]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[t]相同，不同的是[d]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。短语练习：hotteatakeataxitellthetimeagoodfriendhandinhandReviewandTest一、将你听到的音正确排序。/tæp//b//dept//i:pɪd//tæbɪp//pɪdɪd//di:d//fi:t//hæt//hi://red//bred/二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

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三、请标出划线字母的音标。Lesson3中元音[ɜ：][ə][ɜ：]发音要领：舌中部升至口腔中部，使口部半张半合，舌身放平．双唇像发[i：]那样向两侧展开。[ə]发音要领：是[ɜ：]的短音，唇既扁也不圆，口腔肌肉松弛。舌尖抵下齿，舌中部稍稍抬起。短语练习：Givemesomebutterandsugar.Myyoungerbrotherisadoctor.[ʌ]发音要领：舌后部抬至软腭，舌中部抬至稍高于嘴巴自然张开时的舌位。舌尖稍稍离开下齿。唇形稍扁，向两侧咧开。爆破音[k][g][k]发音要领：舌后部抬起，顶住软腭，形成完全阻塞。气流从舌后部与软腭间冲出，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。[g]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[k]相同，不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动ReviewandTest一、写出你所听到的音标。[ɜ：][ə][k][g][t][d][p][b][i：][ɪ][e][æ]

二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。picklackpigcomebirdcutbananacoolmilkearlykeygatedoorLesson4[ɑ：]发音要领：舌位很低，舌尖离开下齿，舌向后缩，舌身低平。牙床全开，口要张大。双唇自然张开。短语练习：Helaughslongestwholaughslast.Acarispassingbythepark.唇齿摩擦音[f][v][f]发音要领：下唇稍向内收，轻触上齿下沿，形成部分阻塞。气流从上下唇间泄出摩擦成音。它是轻辅音，声带不振动。短语练习：Ileftmyfoodinmyoffice.Frankhasasetofbeautifulflat.[v]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[f]相同，不同的是[v]是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。短语练习：Ilovemyvaseverymuch.Vivianplaystheviolinverywell.ReviewandTest一、写出你所听到的音标。[ɜ：][ə][ʌ][f][v][ɑ：]二、听单词，写出划线字母的音标Lesson5后元音[ɒ][ɔ：][ɒ]发音要领：舌身后缩，将舌后部升至最高，舌尖离开下齿，牙床几乎全开。张开双唇，略成圆形，但不向前突出。otopmopboxsoftstopshopfoxcoffeeclockdoctorbodyorangeawashwatchwantwhat短语练习：Theclockhasstopped.Alittlepotissoonhot.[ɔ：]发音要领：将舌后部抬至中位，舌身后缩舌尖稍稍离开下齿。床开的较宽但比[ɔ]稍小。双唇更圆，口腔肌肉紧张。orhorseshortdoorfloorborncornforkmorningshorttorchstoryarwarmwarawlawdrawsawallallballtallwallhallfallcallmallalktalkwalkchalkaughnaughtcaughtdaughteroughoughtthoughtbought短语练习：Georgesawasawonthewall.ThetallhorsesawtheshorthorseI舌尖摩擦音[θ][ð][θ]发音要领：舌尖接近上齿，形成部分阻塞，气流通过这个缝隙而摩擦成音.它是轻辅音，声带不振动ththinthickthreethrowthinkthankbirthdaysomethingbathroommouthmathteethmonthbathtooth短语练习：Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy[ð]发音要领：舌尖稍向前伸，轻触上齿下缘，形成部分阻塞。气流从齿缝中泄出，摩擦成音。它是浊辅音，声带振动。ththisthatthesethosetherethethanthentheytheirfathermotherbrotherfeatherleathersmoothwithclothe短语练习：Igotoparkwithmyfather,motherandbrother.ReviewandTest一、写出你所听到的音标。[æ][ɔ：][ɔ][θ][ð][ə][ɑ：][f][v][ɪ][ʌ][b][ə：][e]二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。orangeautumnhotallthankscarbusbirthdayfourthirstydogsorryteethdoctorboxcoffeethreethosethatmouthLesson6后元音[u：][ʊ][u：]发音要领：舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起。牙床近乎全合，口腔肌肉紧张。双唇收圆，并向前突出，双唇肌肉较紧。odotowhowhosetwoshoeoomoontoothfoodschoolcoolchoosenoonsooncoolzooousoupgroupyouuijuicefruiturulerbuletrue短语练习：bluemoonapairofshoesaglassofjuiceIt’scoolinautumn.[ʊ]发音要领：舌后部抬得比[u：]低一些。舌身的肌肉紧度略小于[u：]。双唇不向前突出，肌肉也不像发[u：]那么紧owolfwomanuputpushsugarfullpullbulletbushoobookcookgoodfootlookoucouldwouldshould短语练习：agoodbookagoodcooksomegoodsugarLookbeforeyouleap.agood-lookingwomanLesson7合口双元音[əʊ][aʊ][əʊ]发音要领：从元音[ə]起始，滑向元音[ʊ]。口形从扁平过渡到收圆，中间不能停顿。ogonobothoverjokesoohoaboatgoatcoatsoupowshowknowsnowwindowololdcoldfoldholdsoldoehomenosethosehopenotebone短语练习：gohomeIhopeso.Thepostmanclosethepostoffice[aʊ]发音要领：从舌位很低的元音[a：]起始。舌身先平放于口腔中，然后抬向放松的舌位元音[ʊ]，双唇逐渐收圆。oumousecloudloudouthousemouthaboutowbowcownowbrowntowndowntowermountain短语练习：abrowntowerhousewithoutsoundathousandflowersOpenyourmouthandroundyourlips舌端齿龈摩擦音[s][z][s]发音要领：舌尖抬起，靠近上齿龈，但不贴住。气流从齿尖与齿龈间泄出，摩擦成音它是轻辅音声带不振动。sseaskysitsnakesunstarsmalllastfastlosthorsebusthissockslipssspassglassgrassccitycirclecyclericejuiceface短语练习：somesweetssingasongthisseasonI’msad.somejuicesomericeinthebag[z]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[s]相同。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动zzoozebrazerozonesizegazebreezefreezeshishasplease元音、浊辅音加s读[z].短语练习：Thereisazebrainthezoo.ReviewandTest一、写出你所听到的音标。[ɑ：][u：][ɔ：][ɔ][ʊ][f][v][s][z][θ][ð]二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。spoonsweetsimplesnakesunsingbluenosetherethatthisschoolheshebirdcarcateggzebralesson8合口双元音[eɪ][aɪ][eɪ]发音要领：从舌位稍低的[e]开始，向[ɪ]的舌位滑动。舌在发音过程中，舌位逐渐抬高atablebabyladypaperstationa_esavefacenamelatecakewavetapegameaiwaitmailstraitfailpaintraintailtraineabreakgreateieightweighteygreyobeyaysaywaystaydayplay短语练习：Nopains,nogains.Hastemakeswaste.Betterlatethannever.[aɪ]发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，口由开到合，由[ɑ：]向[ɪ]滑动，中间不能停顿，舌位逐渐抬高i_elifetimefineninebikelikekitericesizeyflytryskywhycrybyiedietielieyeeyebyeighlighthighrightnight短语练习：Howtimeflies!Fivetimesfiveistwenty-five.Greatmindsthinkalike舌端齿龈后部摩擦音[ʃ][ʒ][ʃ]发音要领：舌身抬起，舌身与上齿龈、硬腭间形成一窄小缝隙。双唇突出，略呈喇叭形。气流从缝隙中泄出。它是清辅音，声带不振动。shshipsheepshortshirt（词首）brushesdisheswashes（词中）pushrushwishrubbish（词尾）ssuresugar短语练习：anEnglishshipasharkshock[ʒ]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ʃ]相同。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动suausualcasualsurepleasureleisuremeasuresiondecisiontelevisionoccasion短语练习：measurethepleasurethedecisiononthatoccasionReviewandTest一、写出你所学过的前元音[][][][]二、写出你所学过的爆破音。[][][][][][]三、写出你学过的中元音{}{}{}四、写出你学过的后元音{}{}{}{}{}五、写出你学过的摩擦音{}{}{}{}六、连线，给单词找到合适的音标。purple/tu：θ/bread/kəʊld/breathe/li：st/arm/‘p3:pl/cold/bri：ð/least/ɑ：m/tooth/bred/Lesson9合口双元音[ɔɪ]集中双元音[ɪə][ɔɪ]发音要领：由[ɔ]滑向[ɪ]，口形由圆到扁平，从开到合，舌位逐渐抬高。[ɪ]发的音较轻oioiljoincoinvoicenoisechoicespoiloyboytoyjoyenjoyemploysoy短语练习：theboyandhistoyjointheboysavoidthechoicetoilandnoil[ɪə]发音要领：由[ɪ]音快速滑向[ə]，口形随之变化，舌位逐渐降低eareallyideatheatreeareardearclearhearneartearbeardeerbeerdeersteersneercheerereherespheremere短语练习:nearhererealbeeraclearideaComehere,dear!Weareneartheendoftheyear.Cleartherubbishoutofhereanddon’tputitanywherenear.舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音[r]声门摩擦音[h][r]发音要领：舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，双唇收圆微突，气流从舌面和硬腭间泄出，摩擦成音。它是浊辅音，声带振动。rreadredrunrainroundroserightcarrotparrotthrow短语练习：rightorwrongtherealreasonabrightroomMerryChristmasTheseredrosesarereallypretty.Therailwaybridgeacrosstheriverisover100feethigh.[h]发音要领：口张开，口形不定，随后面的元音而变化。气流从口腔泄出不受阻，仅在通过声门时有轻微摩擦。它是轻辅音，声带不震动hhouseheadhothamhathorsehomewh+owhosewhowhom短语练习：ahatinhandahighhillHowhorrible!ahappyholidayholdone’sheadhigh读下面的句子，把可以连读的地方划出来，并标出连读后的音标。Whattimeisit?Ilikeapairofsunglasses.CanIhaveanapple?Thisisablackkite.Ifitisgood,I’lleatit.Don’tshoutinmyearlesson10集中双元音[Ɛə][ʊə][Ɛə]发音要领：由[Ɛ]向[ə]滑动，中间无停顿，声音逐渐减弱。在发音过程中，舌位逐渐抬高，双唇变化不大airairhairchairfairpairstaireirtheirearbearpearweararesharesquarecaredarestareeretherewhere短语练习：repairtheirchairspreparetodeclareshareandsharefairandsquare[ʊə]发音要领：由[ʊ]向[ə]滑动，中间无停顿，声音逐渐减弱。在发音过程中，舌位逐渐降低，双唇由圆到不圆。oorpoormoorourtourgourduresurepurecure短语练习：Thetouristsaretouringthemoor.Theheartattacksbecamefewerandfewer破擦音[tʃ][dʒ][tʃ]发音要领：舌前部抬起，舌尖及舌端抵住上齿龈，形成完全阻塞。双唇向前突出，气流冲破阻碍，爆破摩擦成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动chChinachairchocolatechickcherryteacherkitchenwatchestouchwhichlunchmuchwatchbeachturepicturenaturecenturytionquestion短语练习：acheerfulchapsuchacharmingchildchooseachocolate[dʒ]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[tʃ]相同。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。jjamjeepjoinjumpjeansg(在i;e;y前)giraffeGeorgelargebridgeage短语练习：alargebottleofjamJohnandJaneGeorgecanjumponthelargebridge.一、将下列音标配对。元音/i：//ɜ：//ɔ：//u：//æ//ɑ：//ʌ//Þ//ɪ//ə//e//ʊ/辅音/p//t//k//θ//s//ʃ//f//z//v//ʒ//g//b//d//ð/二、读下面的句子1.Sheisthefirstteacher.2.Therearesomegoodfood..3.Threebooksaredirty,twobooksareclean.4.-Canyoujump?-Yes,Ican.5.Afoxiseatingmeat.lesson11半元音[w][j][w]发音要领：双唇收得很小，并向前突出。舌位较高，舌后部向软腭抬起，但不接触。一经发出，迅速向后面的元音滑动。声带振动wwashwindowwearwarmwoodweekworkwaterswimswingwhwhalewhichwhenwherewhatwhywhite短语练习：wordforwordasweakaswaterbetweenwindandwater[j]发音要领：舌尖触下齿部，舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，但不接触。双唇扁平，气流从舌面与硬腭间通过。半元音也称为“滑动音”yyesyellowyoungyouryo-yoyearyesterdayuuseunituniformmusicexcuseEuewnewnephewfew短语练习：yearin,yearoutbyyourselfyesterday’snewspaperbeautifulmusicyouryellownewsuit鼻辅音[m][n][ŋ][m]发音要领：双唇紧闭成完全阻塞。气流从鼻腔泄出，是浊辅音声带振动。mmonkeymoneymaskmuchmeetmanmouthsmokesmoothsmallsmartroomamhomedrummmsummerswimmermbclimbmnautumnhymnsolemn短语练习：manandwomenmakeroomforTommakeendsmeet[n]发音要领：舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈成完全阻碍。气流从鼻腔泄出。浊辅音nnoodlesnotneednicenewnursepencildentistangrybananapianocannotpenruninplaneknknowknewknownknock短语练习：neckornothingnowornevertolearnwithanopenmind[ŋ]发音要领：舌后部抬起紧贴软腭，成完全阻碍，气流从鼻腔泄出。浊辅音。ninktankbankngsingkingringthingwinglongsongwrongstronghangfinger短语练习：singasongalongstringkingofEnglandLesson12舌侧音[l][l][l]发音要领：发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈，使气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出,质清晰。它是浊辅音，声带振动。llooklikelemonlionlakelovelargelearnclosefloorsleepclap短语练习：leavehimalonealonglinelastbutnotleastliveandletlive[l]发音要领：舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形，气流在此凹陷中产生共鸣，音质模糊，它是浊辅音，声带振动lbuildwalktalkmilkhelpelbowchildgirllittlebowlmealbelldollllwillhillsmell短语练习：aspoiltchildPleasetellWilltofillthepailwithmilk.It’snevertoooldtolearn.Alittlepillmaywellcureagreatill.破擦音[tr][dr][tr]发音要领：舌尖向上卷起，抵住上齿龈后部，双唇收圆，略向前突出。它是清辅音。trtreetraintrouserstrucktry短语练习：atrainunderatreeTracy,Tracy,Tracy,Tracy,themouselivesinatree.Sheseesmanytrainsandtrucks.Shetriesandtriestocatchthetrain.Train,train,train,Butthetrainwastoofasttocatch.[dr]发音要领：双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，声带震动．drdrawdrinkdressdragondriverdropdream对比练习：treat-cheattree-cheesetrip-chiptree-drinktreat-dreamAreyoudreaming?Areyoudreaming?Brotherdragon,brotherdragon?Yes,Iamdreaming.Driveacar,Togetmytoy.Togetmytoy.Lesson13[ts][dz][ts]发音要领：舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌前部抬向硬腭，形成阻塞。气流冲破阻碍先爆破，后摩擦。它是清辅音，声带不振动tsbeatsseatssheetsletssetsgetsfitsbitshatscatsartslotsshortsbootscutstesgateskitesMydadsellscoatsandhats.Hesaidhemightsellboots.Butthencamethebats,Andhewenttobuysomecats.Cats,cats,cats,Don’tbeafraidofthebats,Theyarejustratsbrothers[dz]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ts]相同。但它是浊辅音dsreadsbeadsbidslidsbedsaddsladscardsgodsbirdswordsdeshidesspades复合辅音chchairbeachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickencherryshshoessheepshirtshipfishdishpushwhwhitewhalewheelwheatwhipphelephantphototelephonealphabetthbrotherfeatherleatherfathermotherththreethumbbaththirstymouthteethknknifeknobknee