2022届高三英语培优外刊阅读 癌症话题 学案

高三英语培优外刊阅读外刊精选｜医学前沿：癌症存活率正稳步提升此次疫情极大提升了公众对医疗健康话题的关注。不过除了突发性的公共卫生事件，日常生活中的医学进展也值得我们关注。例如，最近几年美国的癌症死亡率就有了大幅下降。这样的进步是如何实现的？CancerDeathRateinU.S.SeesSharpestOne-YearDropByKnvulSheikhThecancerdeathrateintheUnitedStatesfell2.2percentfrom2016to2017—thelargestsingle-yeardeclineincancermortalityeverreported,theAmericanCancerSocietyreportedonWednesday.Since1991theratehasdropped29percent,whichtranslatestoapproximately2.9millionfewercancerdeathsthanwouldhaveoccurredifthemortalityratehadremainedconstant.Expertsattributedthedeclinetothereducedsmokingratesandtoadvancesinlungcancertreatment.Newtherapiesformelanomaoftheskinhavealsohelpedextendlifeformanypeoplewithmetastaticdisease,orcancerthathasspreadtootherpartsofthebody.Butnotallpopulationsbenefitfrompreventionandadvancesincancertreatment.Althoughracialdisparitiesincancercarearenarrowing,theAmericanCancerSocietyreportfoundthatblackmenwerestilltwiceaslikelytodieofcancerasAsian/PacificIslandermenand20percentmorelikelytodiethanwhitemen.Ensuringequalaccesstoknowncancerpreventionandearlydetectionmethodswouldgofartoacceleratetheprogressagainstoverallcancer.【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.see[siː]vt._________________________________2.sharp[ʃɑːp]adj._________________________________3.single-yearadj._________________________________4.mortality[mɔːˈtæləti]n._________________________________5.translate[trænsˈleɪt]vi._________________________________6.therapy[ˈθerəpi]n._________________________________7.melanoma[ˌmeləˈnəʊmə]n._________________________________8.metastatic[ˌmetəˈstætɪk]adj._________________________________9.narrow[ˈnærəʊ]vi._________________________________【词块学习】请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。1.将某事归因于某事/某人_________________________________2.种族差异_________________________________3.A是B的两倍……_________________________________4.比……更加……_________________________________5.平等享有某物_________________________________6.走得很远_________________________________拓展练习阅读理解ThecancerdeathrateintheU.S.fellbythemostonrecordasadvancesintreatmentsforlungtumors(肿瘤)likevideo-assistedsurgeryhelpedprolongthelivesofpatients.Thedeathratefromcancerhasbeengraduallydecliningfor26years,thanksinlargeparttofewerpeoplesmokingcigarettes.Butfrom2016to2017,themostrecentperiodavailable,itdroppedby2.2%,themosteverinasingleyear,accordingtoareportreleasedWednesdaybytheAmericanCancerSociety.Thatcompareswithanaverage1.5%yearlydeclineoverthedecade.Thedroptranslatestoroughly2.9millionfewercancerdeaths.Forlungcancerspecifically,thedeathratedeclined4.3%annuallyfrom2013to2017."Itisreallylungcancerthatisdrivingthis,"saidRebecca,scientificdirectorofsurveillanceresearchattheAmericanCancerSociety,andleadauthoronthenewstudy."Wefoundincreasesinsurvivalforlungcancerateverystageindiagnosis.”Sheattributedthelowerdeathstoimprovementsintreatments,includingvideo-assistedsurgerythatenablesmorepatientswithearlylungtumorstobecomeeligible(合格的)foroperations;morepreciseradiationtreatment;andbetterscanningtechnologyallowingdoctorstobetterassess(评估)thestageoftumor,sothepatientgetsthebesttreatmentrightaway.Atlaterstagesofillness,newdrugsthataimatspecificdisease-causinggenesarehelpingpatientswhosetumorshavethosegeneticflaws(缺陷).Overall,lungcancerdeathrateshavedroppedby51%formensincetheirpeakin1990,andby26%forwomensincetheirpeakin2002.Thereport,basedonU.S.governmentdata,isn'tallgoodnews.Prostate(前列腺)cancerdeathrateshaveleveledoffrecentlyafteraperiodofdecline.Thatmaybebecausemanydoctorspulledbackonusingthecontroversialprostate-specificantigen(抗原)test,orPSA,whichcanspotthediseasebutcanleadtoover-treatmentofmenwhomayneverhavediedfromtheirtumors."Thoughitwasdefinitelycausingharm,itwasalsocontributingtodeclinesindeath,"Siegelsaid.What'sneedednowisbetterscreeningteststodetectonlytheprostatecancersthatwillgoontocauseharm.Populationdeathratesareconsideredoneofthemostreliablewaysofmeasuringprogressincancertreatmentandprevention.Bycontrast,cancersurvivalratescansometimesbeinfluencedbyimprovementsindiagnosingtiny,early-stagetumorsthatwouldn'tnecessarilybedeadly.17.Accordingtoparagraph2,______.A.cancerdeathratereacheditspeakin2017B.deathratedecreasesoverthepast2decadesC.2.9millionpeopledieofcancerinAmericaeveryyearD.mostofthecancerpatientsinAmericasufferfromlungcancer18.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.femaledeathrateoflungcancerdropsmorethanthatofmaleB.targeteddrugshaveledtorapidincreaseincancerdeathratesC.betterscanningtechnologywillleadtoimprovementintreatinggeneticflawsD.improperuseofprostate-specificantigen(抗原)testcanleadtoover-treatmentofmen19.Theunderlinedexpression"leveloff”inparagraph4means______.A.remainunchanged B.showupC.takeoff D.becomesharp20.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MedicalProgressProlongingPatients’LivesB.CancerDeathRatesDroppingattheFastestPaceC.SignificantImprovementinTreatingLungCancerD.AdvancedTechnologiesAppliedinCancerTreatment外刊精选答案【词汇过关】请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.see[siː]vt.见证2.sharp[ʃɑːp]adj.急剧的3.single-yearadj.单年度的4.mortality[mɔːˈtæləti]n.死亡率5.translate[trænsˈleɪt]vi.转化；翻译6.therapy[ˈθerəpi]n.疗法7.melanoma[ˌm