2024秋高中英语Unit16StoriesPeriodSixGrammar学案北师大版选修6

PAGE1-Unit16StoriesPeriodSixGrammar单元语法(一)——过去完成时[语法图解][语法感悟]单句语法填空1．ARomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehad_witnessed(witness)asayoungman.2．By1748,theyhad_found(find)anawesomehistoricalsite.3．Hehad_worked(work)inthefactoryforfiveyearsbeforewemovedhere.4．Thefilmhad_begun(begin)whentheyarrivedatthecinema.5．Ihad_hoped(hope)tomeetyouattheairport,butIwascaughtinatrafficjam.6．Ihad_meant(mean)tocome,butitoccurredtomethatIhadsomeworktodo.7．Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeonehad_interrupted(interrupt)methatevening.一、过去完成时的基本构成主动语态：had＋动词的过去分词被动语态：had＋been＋动词的过去分词否定形式：had＋not＋动词的过去分词一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？二、过去完成时的基本用法1．表示在过去的某一动作或时间之前已经发生了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”，常与时间状语bythen(截止到那时);bytheendof...(在……结束之前/末);bythetime...(表示过去时间的从句);uptillthen(直到那时)等连用。Hehadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastmonth.上个月底以前他就已经完成了那项工作。Uptillthen,thishadn'tbeenmadepublic.到那个时候，这都没有被公开。2．表示从过去某一时刻起先始终持续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。常与for＋一段时间，或since、when和before等引导的状语从句连用。—DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?—Yes,hedid.Hehadn'tseenhisoldfriendsforalongtime.——昨天艾伦看到他的老挚友兴奋吗？——是的。他很长时间没有看到他的老挚友了。3．表示愿望、准备一类的词，如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。—Whydidn'tyoucometotheconcertlastnight?—Ihadmeantto,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.——你昨晚为什么不来参与音乐会？——我原来准备去，但是我有一位不速之客。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．BeforeIrealizedthatwhatIsaidatthemeetingdidhurthim,hehad_driven(drive)awaywithoutaword.2．Theyhad_meant(mean)toseemeoffatthestation,buttheycouldn'tgetthereintime.3．Bytheendoflastyearanothernewgymnasiumhad_been_completed(complete)inBeijing.4．Theroomshad_been_cleaned(clean)whenIcame.5．Hadhefinishedhishomeworkbythetimeyougotthere?三、过去完成时的特别用法1．if引导的虚拟条件句用过去完成时表示与过去状况相反，主句用would/could/might等＋havedone表示。Ifwehadcaughttheflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.假如昨天我们赶上了航班的话，我们现在正在海滩上享受我们的假期呢。IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.假如我早一点走，我就会赶上火车。2．过去完成时用于虚拟语气时，除了用于if引导的虚拟条件句以外，在wish,asif/though,ifonly,wouldrathersb.haddonesth.结构或从句中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反。Wewishwehadstudiedhardwhenwewereyoung.我们都希望自己年轻时努力学习了。Theboytalkedaboutthefilmasif/thoughhehadseenithimself.那个男孩谈论那部电影就像他自己看过一样。Ifonlywehadsetoffearlier!要是我们早些动身就好了！Themanagerwouldratherhehadnotletoutthesecret.经理宁可他没有泄露那个隐私。3．过去完成时在特别句式中的运用。(1)在“hardly/scarcely/barely...when...”和“nosooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，when和than从句用一般过去时，表示“刚……就……”。(2)在“This/That/Itwasthefirst/second/...time＋that从句”结构中，that从句要用过去完成时。(3)在“Itwas/hadbeen＋一段时间＋since从句”结构中，since从句用过去完成时。Hardlyhadwestartedwhenitbegantorain.我们刚动身，就起先下雨了。Hehadnosoonerlefttheroomthantheybegantotalkabouthim.他刚离开房间，他们就争论起他来了。Itwasthefirsttimethattheyhadhadapicnicandenjoyedthemselves.这是他们第一次野餐，他们玩得很开心。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我们十年没这么兴奋过了。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.2．Itwasthesecondtimethathehad_had(have)afierceargumentwithhisboss.3．Iftheyhad_tried(try)theirbestinthematch,theywouldhavewonit.四、过去完成时与易混时态的区分1．过去完成时与一般过去时的区分。(1)一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时。(2)两者常用的时间状语不同，可以依据时间状语来推断用一般过去时还是过去完成时；在没有明确的过去时间状语作标记时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来推断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.到昨天10点钟时，他们已经到达车站。Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.他们昨天10点钟到达车站。Wewerehappyaswehadwonthefinalmatch.我们很兴奋，因为我们赢了决赛。[留意]当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间依次，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before,after,assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。Weputawaythebooks,ranoutoftheclassroomandbeganplayinggames.我们把书收捡起来，跑出教室，起先做嬉戏。I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.在离开办公室之前，我给她打了电话。2．过去完成时与现在完成时的区分。(1)现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have(has)＋过去分词”。(2)过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，一般在与过去某时或某动作相比较时运用。Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。Shehasbeenillforaweeksinceshecameback.她自从回来已经生病一个星期了。[即学即用3]单句语法填空1．He'salreadygonehome,butbeforeheleft,hehad_corrected(correct)allthemistakesinhispaper.2．Inordertopreventthefirespreading,someofthehousesnearbyhad_been_pulled(pull)downbeforethefiremenarrived.3．Hisbrotherisateachernow,butheworked(work)inacompanyfor3years.4．Hiscarelessnesscosthimnearlyallthemoneyhehad_saved(save)．5．Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwehad_known(know)eachotherforyears.单元语法(二)——have/getsth.done及have,get的其他用法[语法图解][语法感悟]单句语法填空1．Ihadmyhaircut(cut)lastweek,butitlookshorrible.2．NextmonthI'mgoingtogetmybikerepaired(repair)．3．Ihadmypocketpicked(pick)onthesubway.4．Igotmyleginjured(injure)whileplayingfootball.5．Ishouldliketohaveyoumeet(meet)MrDavis.6．Canyougetusto_do(do)theexperiment?7．Iwon'thaveyousmoking(smoke)inthesittingroom.8．Letmetrynow;I'llgetthecarstarting(start)．一、have/getsth.done的含义及常用时态1．have/getsth.done可表达两种含义：①使某事被做(可能是主语自己做也可能是让别人做)；②遭受到不幸的事情，主语是受害者。2．have/getsth.done的各种常用时态如下表：一般现在时have/getsth.done一般过去时had/gotsth.done现在进行时behaving/gettingsth.done过去进行时was/werehaving/gettingsth.done现在完成时havehad/gotsth.done过去完成时hadhad/gotsth.done一般将来时will/begoingtohave/getsth.doneHehashadhishaircut.他请人给他理发了。Theprincessisgoingtohavehernewclothesmadebyayoungtailor.公主准备让一个年轻的裁缝给她做一套新衣服。Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。Thepoorgirlhad/gotherhandbagstolen.这个可怜的女孩被人偷了包。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．Thegirlhadherpreciousmusicalinstrumentbroken(break)inthestormlastSunday.2．Iwillhavemyphonerepaired(repair)thisweekend.3．Don'tgooutonsuchahotday,oryou'llgetburnt(burn)．4．ThecomputerIhadrepaired(repair)yesterdaywentwrong.5．Thailandgotsomefamousbuildingsdestroyed(destroy)intheflood.二、have的其他用法1．havesth./sb.doing使某物或某人始终做某事2．havesb.dosth.使/让某人做某事3．havesth.todo有某事要做Don'thavethewaterrunningallthetime.Turnitoff.不要让水老是流个不停。把它关上。IwillhaveBobdeliverthespeechinplaceofyou.我会让鲍勃代替你发言。IhavealotofworktodoeverytimeIhaveadayoff.每一次休假我都有大量的工作要做。[留意]havesb.doing若用于否定句中，则have有“容忍，容许”之意，相当于tolerate/bear/stand/putupwith等。Wewon'thaveyoutalkingtomotherlikethat.我们不容许你那样对妈妈说话。三、get的其他用法1．getsb.todosth.使/让某人做某事2．getsb./sth.doing使某人/物起先行动起来做某事3．getsb.＋adj.使某人变得/处于某种状态Ican'tgethimtostopsmoking.我无法让他戒烟。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardsthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们起先朝前线接着行进。Hisfailuregothisparentsverydisappointed.他的失败使他的父母很悲观。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．Thefarmershadthetractorsworking(work)dayandnightattheharvesttime.2．Myfatheroftenhasmestudy(study)for10hoursaday.3．Thenovelisthadthevictimtalk(talk)aboutthevolcaniceruption.4．Whatashame!Ican'tgethimto_stop(stop)crying.5．Iwon'thaveyourunning(run)aroundinthehouse.Motherwillbeangry.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime­consumingthanwehad_expected(expect)．2．Thetwins,whohad_finished(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.3．Bythetimewearrived,everyonehad_received(receive)medicalcare.4．ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehehad_met(meet)someEuropeanbusinesspartners.5．Experimentsofthiskindhad_been_conducted(conduct)inboththeUSandEuropewellbeforethe