专题18 9BU2-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）

专题189BU2-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析单元话题GreatpeopleReading重点词汇、词组和句型Grammar初中六种时态的用法总结知识点囊括知识点囊括一、重点词组、句型1.inventorn发明者，发明家aninventorthegreatestinventorinhistoryinventvinventmyfavouritefood发明了我最喜爱的食物inventionn发明，创意createover1000inventions创造了1000多项发明explorern探险者，考察者anexplorerexplorev探索，探讨exploreouterspace探索太空3.fightern斗士，战斗者，战斗机afighterfortherightsofblackAfricansfightv打架，为…而战（fight-fought-fought）fightforfreedom为自由而战n打架haveafightwithsb与某人打了一架4.AsiaAfricaEuropeAmericaItalyRussiaEnglandFranceAsianAfricanEuropeanAmericanItalianRussianEnglishFrenchGermanyChinaJapanAustraliaGermanChineseJapaneseAustralian5.pilotn飞行员licence(license)n执照，许可照Eg:Hereceivedhisstudentpilot’slicencewhenhewas16.他16岁时拿到了他的飞机学员执照6.navyn海军jointhenavy加入海军7.servevi.vt.服役，服务，招待servesbserveasapilot作为一名飞行员服务servicen.服务beinservice8.testv测试，测验testalltypesofaircraft测试各种类型的飞机n检验测试passthetest9.astronauntn宇航员bechosentobecomeanastronaut被选为一名宇航员10.spacecraft(单复同)宇宙飞船，航天器managetojointwospacecrafttogetherforthefirsttime成功将两个航天器交会对接11.spinv快速旋转（spin-spun/span-spun）beginspinning开始旋转12.controln控制outofcontrol失去控制，无法管理v控制(control-controlled-controlled,controlling)13.ordern命令，指挥，要求receivetheordertocuttheflightshort收到缩短航程的命令v命令ordersb.(not)todosth.命令某人（不）做某事14.thePacificOcean太平洋theIndianOcean印度洋theArcticOcean北冰洋theAtlantic(Ocean)大西洋landvivt（使）着落，（使）降落landsafely安全降落landthespacecraftontheMoonn陆地onland在陆地上ontheland在这片土地上，务农16.stepn一步Eg:Onesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.(一)人的一小步,人类的一大步。vi走，跨步(step-stepped)stepoutonto…跨出去到….上面17.surfacen表面，表层theMoon’ssurface月球的表面18.further（far-farther/further-farthest/furthest）adj更多的，更进一步的goabroadforfurtherstudy出国进修takebacktotheEarthforfurtherresearch返回地球做更深的研究19.citizenn公民，市民aUScitizen20.priden骄傲，可引以为豪的人（或物）theprideofthewholeworld全世界的骄傲proudadjbeproudof以…而自豪Weareproudofourcountry.21.passagen章节，乐段readapassage22.byhand手工washtheirclothesbyhand23.scientistn科学家marryaFrenchscientist24.professorn教授ProfessorWang王教授25.discoveryn发现，发现物thediscoveryofradium26.unknownadj未知的，不出名的bebestknownfor...最为人知的Eg:Itwasbraveofhimtogotoaplacethatwasunknowntohumansatthattime.他很勇敢，到一个当时人类未知的地方去。27.widelyadv广泛地，普遍地bewidelyusedinhospitals被广泛应用于医院28.hungern饥饿seepeopledieofhunger看到人们死于饥饿29.happentodosth碰巧做某事sthhappentosb30.advantagen优势i，有利条件havemanyadvantagesoverothers比起其他有许多优点disadvantage劣势31.increasevt增加increaseby+数字表示具体数量增加increaseto…….增加到…….32.productionn生产，产量increasericeproduction增加水稻产量33.developmentndevelopmentofbetterriceplants发展更优良水稻植物的发展developvdevelopagoodreadinghabit培养好的阅读习惯adjdevelopedcountries发达国家developingcountries发展中国家二、语法Grammar1．动词的6种时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和状态。时态谓语动词形式例句一般现在时be动词、行为动词原形或第三人称单数形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般过去时be动词、行为动词过去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+动词原形Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词形式MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.2．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及常考点一、现在完成时的用法：(1)过去的动作对现在的影响。例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(2)过去的动作持续到现在。例：IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.二、现在完成时基本结构：have/has+done标志词:already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,inthepast3years,before,sofar/bynow,overtheyears,since+时间点/过去时态的句子,for+时间段等。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：动作都在过去。不同点：和现在有无关系。(与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。)例：①Ihaveinterviewedthefamouswriter.(我已经完成采访任务，我对他已经有所了解了。)②Iinterviewedthefamouswriteryesterday.(昨天我做的一件事，不涉及现在。)总结：观察第二句中有明显的一般过去时标志语“yesterday”,因此做题时最简单的判断就是找有无明显的一般过去时时间状语，如果有则选择一般过去时，没有的话要根据语境和上下文动词的时态判断过去发生的动作对现在有无影响，有影响选用现在完成时，没有影响选择一般过去时。四、since和for的用法区别和联系用于描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作。常和for和since连用。(1)since的用法A.since后可加时间点。例：WehavelearnedEnglishsincenearlythreeyearsago.B.since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(2)for的用法：for后加一段时间。例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenmonths.(3)since和for用法的相互转换：for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactorysincetenmonthsago./WehavelearnedEnglishfornearlythreeyears.【拓展】此外还有“Itis+段时间+since”的句型。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.=ItisnineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(4)对since和for的提问用howlong。例：--HowlonghaveyoubeeninNanjing?--Forthreeyears./Sincethreeyearsago.五、have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的区别have/hasbeento：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。例：TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto：去了某地，强调还没有回来。例：--Whereisyouruncle?--Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin：待在某地，住在某地。例：Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.六、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法(1)现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。例：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。误：Ihavealreadyborrowedthebookforovertwoweeks.正：Ihavealreadykeptthebookforovertwoweeks.(2)非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。如：come—behere；go—bethere;die--bedead;borrow--keep;buy--have;join--bein(beamember);leave--beaway等。批注：补充强调一下，非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinish/endbeoverdiebedeadjoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayfromarrive/reachbeheregetmarriedbemarried三、词组归纳1.widelyadv.广泛地openyourmouthwideEnglishiswidelyused.同high-highlyclose-closely2.advantagen.优势（可数）disadvantagen.劣势（可数）3.atpresent现在进行时标志词atthemomentthesedays4.doyouthink做插入语Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory?在做动词填空题时，如果疑问词后面出现doyouthink，可以删除后再做。5.inhistory注意不加冠词inspace在太空中注意不加冠词6.第一个做某事的人thefirstmantodo某人第一次做某事It’sthefirsttimethatsb.hasdone....7.furtherresearch进一步研究注意research不可数8.thepioneerofChina’sspacetechnologyprogramme中国太空科技项目的先锋9.afighterfortherightsofSouthAfricansallhislife一生为南非人争取权利的斗士10.thefirstEuropeantodiscoverAmerica第一个发现美洲的欧洲人11.takeone’sfirstflight第一次乘飞机12.thepilot’slicence(apieceofpaperthatshowsyouareallowedtodosth)飞行员执照13.serveasatestpilot/anastronaut(apersonwhotravelstospace)作为试飞员/宇航员服役14.managetojointwospacecrafttogether设法成功对接两艘宇宙飞船15.beginspinning(turnroundandroundquickly)outofcontrol开始旋转失去控制16.receivetheordertocuttheflightshort收到缩短航程的命令17.bring---downintothePacificOcean/land---ontheMoon使--落入太平洋/着落到月球18.Onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind个人一小步，人类一大步19.stepoutontotheMoon’ssurface(theoutsideortoppartofsth)跨步走到月球表面20.theprideof---//takepridein--/beproudof-----的骄傲/以--自豪21.inancienttimes//byhand在古时候/手工/22.withtheinventionofthewashingmachine随着洗衣机的发明23.discoverradiuminthelaboratory在实验室里发现镭24.wintheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthediscoveryof--因--的发现而赢得诺贝尔物理奖25.beunknowntohumans//beknownfor--/as---对人类不出名/因--而被26.pushfortheuseof---推动了---的使用27.bewidelyusedinhospitalatpresent目前在医院被广泛使用28.beginfurtherresearchinto---开始进一步研究---29.happentofindanaturalhybridriceplant碰巧发现一株野生杂交水稻30.havemanyadvantagesoverothers有很多优于其它(水稻)的优点31.Riceproductionhasbeenincreasedby20%水稻产量已增长了20%32.solvetheproblemofhunger解决饥饿问题33.单词citizen(apersonwholivesinacountryandenjoyrightsthere)市民34.passageaircraftprofessortitleagriculturenavy易错题分析易错题分析语法部分：一、单项选择1.-Whatisyourmotherdoing,Linda?-She___________dinnerinthekitchennow.（淮安）A.iscooking B.wascooking C.cook D.cooking2.-Wherearetheteachersnow?-Inthemeetingroom.They_________themeetingfor10minutes.（淮安）A.havebegun B.havebeenon C.havehad D.havebeenheld3.It'sreportedthemedalsforthe2020OlympicGamesinTokyo__________from100%recycledmaterial.（连云港）A.aremaking B.havemade C.ismade D.willbemade4．﹣Wendy，howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro？﹣Acoupleofdays．I______itlastweek．（南京）A．bought B．buy C．willbuy D．havebought5.TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughthelpandhopetopeopleindisastersaroundtheworldsinceit______18yearsago．（南京）A．setup B．issetup C．wassetup D．willbesetup6.—Iseveryonehere,Jonathan?—No.Sir.Millieisabsent.Shefortwodays.（南通）A.hasfallenill B.hasbeenill C.fellill D.wasill7.Amon____________hisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfishcameoutofthesea.（苏州）A.willsail B.issailing C.wassailingD.hassailed8.-HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?-Ofcourse.Actually,I_________thereforsixyearsbutnowIliveinTaizhou.（泰州）A.worked B.wasworking C.wouldwork D.haveworked9.Since2009,ModernFamily____________usthefunny,sadandmovingstoriesofthreeAmericanfamilies.（宿迁）A.hasgiven B.willgive C.gave D.gives10.-ThedramaseriesTheThunder(破冰行动)hitsscreensthesedays.-Oh.Whatapity!I____________anyofthemyet,（镇江）A.doesn'twatch B.didn'twatch C.won'twatch D.haven'twatched11.Everysummer,manyforeigners_____toHainanforvacations.A.comesB.cameC.comeD.coming12.--Isyourmotheranurse?--Yes,sheis.She____inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.worksC.workedD.working13.--Where’syourmother,Lucy?--She_____TVintheroom.A.watchesB.watchedC.iswatchingD.watching14.Doyouknowifhe______backnextweek?Ifhe________back,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes;willcomeB.willcome;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes15.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25___________ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe【答案】ABDACBCAADCBCCA二、动词填空Frog(write)bytheChinesewriterMoYanispopularamongchildren.【答案】writtenThepackageyou’relookingforwardto (arrive)justnow.【答案】arrived—Isyourfatherathome? —No,I’mafraidhe(go)out.【答案】hasgoneInancienttimes,people (use)salttohelpthemkeepfishormeatforalongtime.【答案】wereusedto—Jane,Ican’tfindMikeintheplayground.—Oh,He (play)thepianointhemusicroom.【答案】isplayingIthinkitveryniceofyou(send)myparentsyourbestwishes.【答案】tosendShe (serve)thekitchenwhenthelightwentout.【答案】wasserving61.Whatdoyouthink (happen)toJohnifhefindshiscarhasbeenstolen?【答案】happened词汇句型部分：一、单项选择()1.—Shestudiedmathsandphysicsin________university.—Yes.Shewassuch________unusualwomanscientist.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a()2.—Whatdoyouthink________Armstrongsofamous?—Hisexcellentservice.A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.make()3.Shegotuptogetsomesleepingpillsbutfoundtherewas________leftathome.A.nothingB.noneC.somethingD.nobody()4.Wasitin1969________theAmericanspacemensucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;inB.when;/C.that;inD.that;with()5.China,________oneofthegreatfourcountrieswithancientcivilizations,isbest－known________itsgreatdevelopmentinallthefieldsovertheyears.A.as;asB.as;forC.for;asD.for;for()6.—Whatwouldsomestudentsliketodoafterfinishingtheireducation?—Theywouldliketostarttowork________theyneedn'tdependontheirparentscompletely.A.assoonasB.sothatC.beforeD.while()7.________wonderfulnewsprogramwearewatching!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()8.Thebornartistdevotedallthetimehehad________forsomethingbetterordifferent.A.searchB.searchedC.tosearchD.tosearching()9.MarieCurie________theuseofX-raymachines,whicharenowwidelyusedinhospitals.A.putawayB.putoutC.pushedinD.pushedfor()10.It'sbrave________youtogotoaplacethat________unknowntohumans.A.of;/B.of;wasC.for;/D.for;were()11.—Hehardlycaughtthetrainyesterdayafternoon,________he?—________，becausehegotuplateandtherewastoomuchtrafficontheroad.A.did;Yes,hedidB.didn't;Yes,hedidC.did;No,hedidn'tD.didn't;No,hedidn't()12.Eachtimeamedal________awinner,themusicwasplayed.A.ispresentedtoB.presentedtoC.waspresentedtoD.waspresentedwith()13.Youneverknowhowmuchdifficultywehad________theproblem.Luckily,wemanagedtosolveitwithMrsWu'shelp.A.workingoutB.workoutC.workedoutD.toworkout()14.—ThankyouforhelpingmelookaftermycatwhileIwasaway.—________！A.WithpleasureB.It'smypleasureC.Itdoesn'tmatterD.Noproblem()15.—Doyouknow________thisafternoon?—I'mnotsure,butI'lltellyouassoonasshe________.A.whattimewill