建筑结48课件讲解

建筑结构ArchitecturalStructures梁的构造要求ConstructionRequirementsforBeams3.1梁、板构件设计DesignofBeamandPlateElements目录

CONTENTS受弯构件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembers1梁的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofBeams2梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams3受弯构件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembersPARTONE受弯构件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembers弯矩图Bendingmomentdiagrams剪力图Shearforcediagrams受弯构件：指同时受到剪力和弯矩共同作用的构件Flexuralmember:Acomponentsubjecttosimultaneousactionofshearforceandbendingmoment梁Beams板Slabs承担竖向荷载传递，使其产生弯曲和剪切现象Bearverticalloadtransfer,causingbendingandshearphenomenatooccur受弯构件的概念TheConceptofFlexuralMembers梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeamsPARTTWO梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams矩形RectangularT形T-shaped工字形工-shaped箱形Box-sectionΓ形Γ-shapedΠ形Π-shaped梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeamsT形梁T-beams倒L形梁InvertedL-beams梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams梁截面Beamcross-sectionbh承载力Load-bearingcapacity刚度Stiffness抗裂性能Crack-resistance施工方便Convenientforconstruction梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams梁截面高度hBeamcross-sectionalheighth梁的跨度LThebeam'sspanlength(L)梁的结构形式Beam'sstructuralform独立简支梁hIndependentlysimplysupportedbeamh

悬臂梁hCantileverbeamh按刚度条件确定梁的截面高度Thecross-sectionalheightofabeamisdeterminedbasedonstiffnessconditions

梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams梁截面高度hBeamcross-sectionalheighth梁的跨度LThebeam'sspanlength(L)梁的结构形式Beam'sstructuralform现浇楼盖主梁Cast-in-placefloorslabmainbeam现浇楼盖次梁hCast-in-placefloorslabsecondarybeamh按刚度条件确定梁的截面高度Thecross-sectionalheightofabeamisdeterminedbasedonstiffnessconditions

梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams为统一模板便于施工，常用梁高为250mm、300mm、350mm等，800mm以上以100mm递增。Tofacilitateuniformityandeaseofconstructionusingtemplates,commonbeamheightsinclude250mm,300mm,350mm,etc.,withincrementsof100mmabove800mm.梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams矩形截面RectangularsectionsT形截面T-shapedsections梁截面的宽度Widthofabeam'scross-section梁的高度hTheheight(h)ofthebeam梁的截面形式Thecross-sectionalform

梁的截面形式及尺寸TheCross-sectionalFormsandSizesofBeams常用梁宽是150mm、180mm、200mm等等，200mm以上以50mm递增。Commonbeamwidthsare150mm,180mm,200mm,etc.,withincrementsof50mmabove200mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeamsPARTTHREE梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeamsLongitudinaltensionbarsStirrupsErectionbarBent-upbarsSidebeamconstructionreinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams架立钢筋：梁上部Erectionbar:Upperpartofbeam纵向受力钢筋：梁下部或上部Longitudinalreinforcementsteel:Lowerpartorupperpartofthebeam构造钢筋：梁侧面Constructionreinforcement:Sideofthebeam梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams箍筋：处于外围包裹着其他钢筋Stirrup:Positionedontheperipheryenclosingotherreinforcementbars弯起钢筋：在梁的两端由纵向受力钢筋弯起Bent-upbar:Formedbybendinglongitudinaltensionreinforcementatbothendsofthebeam梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams单筋截面Single-rebarsection通常布置于梁的受拉区，承受由弯矩产生的拉应力。Longitudinaltensionbarsareusuallyarrangedinthetensionzoneofthebeam,bearingtensilestressescausedbybendingmoments.纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams配置在受压区补充混凝土受压能力不足，承担压力时，构成双筋截面。Whentheyareplacedinthecompressionzonetosupplementtheinsufficientcompressivecapacityoftheconcrete,theyconstituteadoublyreinforcedsection.双筋截面Double-rebarsection纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁的钢筋BeamReinforcement纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcingBars纵向受力钢筋位置LongitudinalReinforcementPosition纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcement纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams常用直径：12~32mm。Commondiameters:12to32millimeters.梁伸入支座钢筋：不少于2根，通常可一排3~4根。Beamreinforcementextendingintosupports:nofewerthan2bars,typicallyrangingfrom3to4barsperrow.h0h纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcement梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁高不小于300时：钢筋直径不少于10mm。Whenbeamheightislessthan300mm:thediameterofreinforcingbarsshallnotbelessthan8mm.梁高小于300时：钢筋直径不小于8mm。Forbeamswithheightslessthan300mm,thediameterofthelongitudinalreinforcingbarsshallnotbelessthan8mm.h0h梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcement同一构件中钢筋种类宜少。Inthesamestructuralcomponent,thenumberofdifferenttypesofreinforcingbarsshouldbeminimized.有两种不同直径时：直径相差至少2mm，便于分辨。Whentherearetwodifferentdiameters:thedifferenceindiameterbetweenthereinforcingbarsshouldbeatleast2mmtofacilitatedistinction.同一截面受力钢筋直径也不宜相差太大，以免受力不均。Thediametersofreinforcingbarswithinthesamecross-sectionshouldnotdiffertoogreatlytoavoidunevendistributionofforces.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams纵向受力钢筋LongitudinalReinforcementh0h净距≥25mm且≥dClearance≥25mmand≥d净距≥30mm且≥1.5dClearance≥30mmand≥1.5d净距≥25m≥dClearance≥25mmand≥d梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁配筋密集区，受力钢筋单根布置导致混凝土难以浇筑密实时，为方便施工，采用两根或三根钢筋绑扎并筋的配筋方式。Inareasofdensereinforcementinthebeam,whenarrangingasinglebarleadstodifficultiesincompactconcretepouring,forconstructionconvenience,twoorthreerebarscanbebundledandtiedtogetherasshowninthefigure.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams梁受压区无受压钢筋时，需配置2根架立筋放置于受压区外缘两侧。Whentherearenocompressivebarsinthecompressionzoneofabeam,twotiebarsmustbeplacedoneithersideoftheouteredgeofthecompressionzone.架立钢筋ErectionBar梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams固定箍筋的正确位置，与梁底纵筋形成钢筋骨架。Tofixthecorrectpositionofstirrupsandformareinforcedsteelcagewiththebottomlongitudinalbars.承受混凝土收缩及温度变化产生的拉力，防止发生裂缝。Toresisttensileforcescausedbyconcreteshrinkageandtemperaturechanges,preventingcracksfromoccurring.作用

Functions架立钢筋ErectionBar梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams架立钢筋直径与梁的跨度有关Thediameterofthetiebarsdependsonthespanofthebeam<44~6梁跨（m）SpanofBeam(m)＜44~6＞6架力钢筋的最小直径(mm)MinimumDiameterofLateralBracingReinforcement(mm)81012架立钢筋ErectionBar梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams弯起钢筋Bent-upbars<44~6由纵向受力钢筋弯起而成Formedbybendingoflongitudinalreinforcingbars梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams弯起钢筋Bent-upbars<44~6在跨中承受由弯矩产生的拉应力。Withstandthetensilestressgeneratedbybendingmomentsinthemid-span.在靠近支座的弯起段承受剪力和弯矩共同产生的主拉应力。Enduretheprincipaltensilestressproducedbyshearforcesandbendingmomentsnearthesupports.作用

Functions梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams弯起钢筋Bent-upbars<44~6弯起角度要求BendAngleRequirementsh≤800mm时α＝45°Whenh≤800mm,α=45°h＞800mm时α＝60°Whenh>800mm,α=60°梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams箍筋Stirrups<44~6箍：捆绑。Hoop:Binding.箍筋：将其他钢筋固定捆绑起来。Stirrup:Bindingandsecuringotherreinforcementbarstogether.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams<44~6承受由弯矩和剪力引起的主拉应力。Toresisttheprincipaltensilestressinducedbybendingmomentsandshearforces.固定纵筋位置形成空间骨架。tosecurethepositionoflongitudinalreinforcementbars,formingaspatialframework.作用

Functions箍筋Stirrups梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups梁h＞300mm，沿全长布置。Thebeamheighthis>300mm,stirrupsarearrangedalongthefulllength.梁h=150~300mm，仅在梁两端1/4跨度范围按构造设置箍筋，有集中荷载，仍全长设置。Thebeamheighthis150~300mm,stirrupsareprovidedonlyinthequarter-spanrangeatbothendsbasedonconstructionrequirements;evenunderconcentratedloads,theyarestillarrangedalongthefulllength.无需箍筋的梁Beamwithoutstirrups当梁h＜150mm，可不布置。Thebeamheighthis<150mm,stirrupsmaynotbeprovided.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups开口式Open封闭式Closed梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups将端部锚固在受压区内，且端头做成135°弯钩，弯钩端部平直段长度≥10d且≥75mm。Fixtheendanchorageswithinthecompressionzone,forminga135-degreebendhookattheend,withastraightlengthatthehookend≥10timesthediameter(d)and≥75mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups单肢Singlelimb双肢Doublelimbs四肢Fourlimbs梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups单肢Singlelimbb≤150mm梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrupsb≤400，且一层内纵向受压钢筋不多于4根。b≤400mm,andnomorethan4longitudinalcompressionreinforcementbarswithinonelayer.双肢Doublelimbs梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrupsb＞400，且一层内纵向受压钢筋多于3根。b>400mm,andtherearemorethan3longitudinalcompressionreinforcementbarswithinonelayer.四肢Fourlimbs梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups双肢箍Double-leg四肢箍Quadruple-leg梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups箍筋的直径与梁高有关。Thediameterofstirrupsisrelatedtothebeamheight.梁h＞800mm，箍筋直径d≥8mm。Whenthebeamheighthis>800mm,thestirrupdiameterdshouldbe≥8mm.梁h≤800mm，箍筋直径d≥6mm。Whenthebeamheighthis≤800mm,thestirrupdiameterdshouldbe≥6mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups当梁配有计算需要的纵向受压钢筋，箍筋直径d≥梁纵向受压钢筋较大直径的1/4。Whenthebeamisequippedwithrequiredlongitudinalcompressivereinforcement,thestirrupdiameterdshouldbe≥one-fourthofthelargerdiameterofthelongitudinalcompressivereinforcement.一般不宜大于12mm。Itshouldnotexceed12mm.梁的配筋ReinforcementArrangementforBeams4~6箍筋Stirrups箍筋的间距由计算确定，但其最大间距符合规范规定。Thespacingofstirrupsisdeterminedbycalculation,butthemaximumspacingmustcomplywithcodeprovisions.梁