医学英语高频词汇01+呼吸系统

高频核心词汇课程 课前课医学词汇构成-例词gastritis

[ɡæ‘straɪtɪs]

胃炎gastr/o(stomach) -itis(inflammation)(gastroitis)gastroenterology

[,gæstro,ɛntə'rɑlədʒi]

肠胃病学gastr/o(stomach)

enter/o(intestines) -logy(process

of

study)(Gastr?enterology)epigastric[,epɪ'ɡæstrɪk]上腹部的epi-(above)

gastr/o(stomach) -ic(pertaining

to)医学词汇构成-成分Root（词根）-foundation

of

the

word.

(gastr)Suffix（后缀）-word

ending.

(-itis)Prefix（前缀）-word

beginning.

(epi-)Combiningvowel（联结元音）-usually

“o”.Combining

form（联结形式）-root/o

(gastr/o)医学词汇构成-法则词汇释义时由后缀读起，返回词首。后缀只有一个且必须存在。前缀不是必须存在，但是有无前缀对词汇本身影响很大。词根可以是一个，两个或多个。联结原音可以是五个元音字母中的任何一个，但“O”最为常见，用来联结词根与后缀、词根与词根。如果后缀的第一个字母为元音字母，则省去与之相连词根的联结元音“O”。词根与词根之间的联结元音“O”不能省略，即使第二个词根的第一个字母为元音字母。呼吸系统高频词汇 第一课01.alveolar

[æl‘viəlɚ]

肺泡的alveol/o(alveolus,

air

sac)

-ar(pertaining

to)However,

these

values

change

greatly

from

time

to

time

dependingonthe

rate

ofalveolar

ventilation

and

the

rate

of

oxygen

and

carbondioxide

transfer

into

and

outof

the

blood.但上述数值随时会发生较大的改变，这取决于肺泡通气率和氧及二氧化碳进出血液的速率。来自梁平教授02.

diffuse

alveolar

damage

弥漫性肺泡损伤Airway

Alterationsand

Diffuse

AlveolarDamagein

AcuteRespiratory

Distress

Syndrome:

Is

There

Any

Association?急性呼吸窘迫综合征的气道改变和弥漫性肺泡损伤：是否有关联？Source:

ArchBronconeumol 2018

May.03.

bronchoalveolar

carcinoma

支气管肺泡癌bronch/o

(bronchial

tube,

bronchus)carcin/o(cancerous,

cancer) -oma(tumor)Our

patient

is

a

13-year-old

boy

who

had

concurrent

diagnoses

ofEwing

sarcoma

and

minimally

invasive

adenocarcinoma

of

the

lung,formerly

bronchoalveolarcarcinoma.我们的患者是一名13岁男孩，同时诊断为尤文肉瘤和肺低程度浸润性腺癌，原诊断为支气管肺泡癌。Source：J

Pediatr

Hematol

Oncol2018May;40

(4):325-327.04.bronchospasm['brɔŋkəspæzəm]

支气管痉挛-spasm(sudden

contraction)Theterm

chronic

asthmatic

bronchitis

is

applied

in

patients

withpersistent

airways

obstruction,

a

chronic

productive

cough,

and

amajor

problem

of

episodic

bronchospasm.慢性气喘性支气管炎这一名称适用于持续性气道障碍，慢性湿咳和阵发性支气管痉挛为主要症状的病人。来自梁平教授05.

bronchodilator

[,brɔŋkəudai‘leitə]支气管扩张剂/器-dilator(one

who

can

causedilation)Regular

lung

function

tests

revealed

thatsmokers

assigned

to

takeplaceboexperienced

a

mean

decline

of263.9

ml

in

post-bronchodilatorFEV1

over

the

3-year

period

compared

with

a

meandeclineof

180.8

ml

among

non-smokers

taking

placebo.常规的肺功能测定显示，在3年期间，被指定接收安慰剂的吸烟者使用支气管扩张器后FEV1值平均下降263.9ml，相比而言，接受安慰剂的非吸烟者平均下降180.8ml。Source:

【medical-news】Smokers

andnon-smokers

with

asthma

gain

similar

benefits

frombudesonide

therapy

in

terms

of

limiting

their

lung

function

decline,

researchshows.06.bronchopleural[b'rɒntʃəpljuərəl]

支气管胸膜的pleur/o(pleura)Persistent

bronchopleural

fistula

after

chemotherapyand

closedtube

drainage

may

require

direct

operative

closure.在化疗或闭合引流后，如支气管胸膜瘘仍持续不愈，则需直接进行手术封闭。来自梁平教授07.

bronchiolitis

[,brɑŋkɪo‘laɪtɪs]

细支气管炎bronchiol/o(bronchiole,

small

bronchus)-itis(inflammation)Even

after

oneepisode

of

bronchiolitis,

up

to

50%

of

these

childrencan

have

chronic

wheezing

which

means

asthma.甚至在一次毛细支气管炎发作之后，这些患儿中有慢性喘鸣者可达50％，这种慢性喘鸣就意味着哮喘。来自梁平教授08.

bronchial

provocationtest

[,prɑvə'keʃən]支气管激发试验The

methacholine

[meθeɪ'koʊlɪɪn]

bronchial

provocationtest(MBPT)

is

used

to

detectand

quantify

airway

hyper-responsiveness(AHR).乙酰胆碱支气管激发试验（MBPT）用于检测和量化气道高反应性（AHR）。Source：Korean

J

Intern

Med

2018

Jul;33

(4): 807-814.09.

bronchiectasis

[,brɑŋkɪ'ɛktəsɪs]

支气管扩张bronchi/o

(bronchus)

-ectasis(widening,

dilation)Asa

rule

the

onset

isinsidious

and

the

symptoms

are

those

ofchronicbronchitisand

bronchiectasis.通常起病缓慢，出现慢性支气管炎和支气管扩张的症状。来自梁平教授10.atelectasis

[,ætə'lɛktəsɪs]

肺不张；（出生时肺的）膨胀不全atel/o(incomplete)Atelectasisis

usually

manifested

by

fever

(pathogenesis

unknown),tachypnea,

and

tachycardia.肺不张通常表现为发热(发病机理未知)、呼吸急促和心动过速。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewalveolar

[æl‘viəlɚ]肺泡的diffusealveolar

damage

弥漫性肺泡损伤bronchoalveolar

carcinoma

支气管肺泡癌bronchospasm

['brɔŋkəspæzəm]

支气管痉挛bronchodilator

[,brɔŋkəudai‘leitə]支气管扩张剂/器bronchopleural

[b'rɒntʃəpljuərəl]

支气管胸膜的bronchiolitis

[,brɑŋkɪo‘laɪtɪs]

细支气管炎bronchial

provocation

test

[,prɑvə'keʃən]支气管激发试验bronchiectasis

[,brɑŋkɪ'ɛktəsɪs]

支气管扩张atelectasis

[,ætə'lɛktəsɪs]肺不张；（出生时肺的）膨胀不全呼吸系统高频词汇 第二课11.

airway

remodeling

[ri'mɔdliŋ]气道重建The

mice

were

sacrificed

72-h

after

the

lastchallenge

to

examinethe

airway

remodeling,inflammation,

and

expression

profiles

ofcytokines

and

various

genes.72小时后，在最后一次检查其气道重塑、炎症和细胞因子及各种基因的表达谱后，处置小鼠。Source:

Cytokine

2018

Aug;108

136-144.12.

hypercapnia

[,haɪpɚ'kæpnɪə]

血碳酸过多hyper-(above,

excessive) capn/o(carbon

dioxide)-ia(condition)Noninvasive

Positive

Pressure

Ventilation

improves

hypercapnia

inCysticFibrosis.无创正压通气改善囊性纤维化患者高碳酸血症Source:

Thorax

2008;63:72-77.13.pulmonary hypertension肺动脉高压-tension(pressure)Different

forms

of

pulmonary

hypertension

in

a

family

with

clinicalandgeneticevidenceforhereditaryhemorrhagictelangiectasiatype2.不同类型的肺动脉高压在家系遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症2型的临床和遗传学证据。Source：Pulm

Circ2018Oct-Dec(4):2045894018782664.14.

adenoidhypertrophy['ædn,ɔɪd]

[haɪ'pɝtrəfi]腺状肿aden/o(gland)

-oid(resembling)hyper-(excessive)

-trophy(development)Due

to

the

enlarged

size

of

adenoids,

Adenoid

Hypertrophy

cancauseincomplete

blockage

ofairflow

through

the

nasal

passages,leading

to

inhalation

through

open

mouth.腺状肿时腺样体肥大，鼻腔气道不完全堵塞，可致患者张口呼吸。15.

hyperpnea[,haɪpɚp‘niə]

呼吸过强，喘息hyper-(above,

excessive) -pnea(breathing)To

evaluate

the

short-term

physiologic

effects

of

respiratory

muscletraining

with

normocapnic

hyperpnea

(NH)

added

to

standardexercise

training

on

respiratory

muscle

endurance/strength

andexercise

tolerance

in

COPD

patients.为评估呼吸肌训练对COPD患者呼吸肌耐力/力量和运动耐量的短期生

理效应，在标准运动训练基础上增加等二氧化碳血高通气模式（NH）。Source:

Am

J

Phys

Med

Rehabil2018

Jun16.bathypnea

深呼吸Bathypnea

meansdeep

breathing.17.

orthopnea

[ɔ:'θɔpniə]端坐呼吸orth/o(straight,upright)A

reasonablyaccurate

timing

of

the

onset

of

orthopnea

or

PND

mayprovide

a

clue

to

the

precipitating

event.端坐呼吸或PND发作较为准确的计时可为突发症状提供一个线索。来自梁平教授18.

apnea

[æp‘niə]窒息，呼吸暂停a-(no,

without)No

additional

evaluation

is

indicated

for

this

child

because

briefperiods

of

apnea

are

common

in

2-week-old

infantsand

the

skin

rashiscompatible

with

impetigo

which

responds

quickly

to

intramuscularpenicillin.由于两周小儿短期的呼吸暂停是常见的，皮肤的皮疹与脓疱疮相符，对青霉素肌肉注射反应迅速，因此对本病孩无另作评价的指征。来自梁平教授19.

dyspnea

[dɪsp‘niə]

呼吸困难dys-(painful,difficult)Ventilation

increases,

and

the

awareness

of

dyspnea

becomes

moresevereas

minute

ventilation

approaches

the

maximal

ventilatorycapacity.换气增加、呼吸困难的感觉变得更加严重，特别是当每分钟换气量接近最大值时。来自梁平教授20.tachypnea

[,tækɪp'niə;,tækɪ'niə]

呼吸急促tachy-(rapid)Although

dyspnea

accompanying

left

ventricular

failure

may

bepartially

relieved

by

onsetof

rightventricular

failure,

some

dyspneausually

persists,together

with

tachypnea

and

basal

rales.虽然伴左心衰的呼吸困难可因右心衰出现而部分得到缓解，但是，某些呼吸困难通常仍呈持续状态，并伴有呼吸频率加快和肺底啰音出现。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewairway

remodeling

气道重建[ri‘mɔdliŋ]重塑hypercapnia

[,haɪpɚ'kæpnɪə]

血碳酸过多pulmonary

hypertension

肺动脉高压adenoid

hypertrophy

['ædn,ɔɪd]

[haɪ'pɝtrəfi]腺状肿hyperpnea

[,haɪpɚp‘niə]

呼吸过强，喘息bathypnea

['bæθɪpniə]深呼吸orthopnea

[ɔ:'θɔpniə]

端坐呼吸apnea

[æp‘niə]窒息，呼吸暂停dyspnea

[dɪsp‘niə]

呼吸困难tachypnea

[,tækɪp'niə]

呼吸急促呼吸系统高频词汇 第三课21.pneumoconiosis[,njʊmə,konɪ'osɪs]

n.尘肺病pneum/o(lung,

air)

coni/o(dust)-osis(abnormal

condition)Thereis

an

increasing

trend

in

the

occurrence

of

coal

worker'spneumoconiosis

even

in

developed

countries

such

asthe

USandAustralia

who

have

believed

such

an

issue

have

been

well

controlledinthepast.即使在美国和澳大利亚等发达国家，煤炭工人尘肺病发生的趋势也在增加，而这些国家过去认为这个问题已得到很好的控制。Source:

Sci

Total

Environ

2018

Oct;639

1060-1076.22.pneumothorax[,njʊmə'θɔræks]

气胸pneum/o(air) -thorax(chest,

pleuralcavity)Clinical

Profileof

Spontaneous

Pneumothoraxin

Adults:

ARetrospective

Study.成人自发性气胸的临床特征：一项回顾性研究来自梁平教授23.community-acquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎This

review

summarises

the

evidence

for

the

empirical

antibiotictreatment

ofcommunity-acquired

pneumoniain

neonatesandchildren

and

puts

emphasis

on

publications

since

the

release

of

theprevious

WHO

Evidence

Summary

report

published

in

2014.本综述总结了新生儿和儿童社区获得性肺炎的经验性抗生素治疗的证据，重点关注自2014年上一份WHO证据总结报告发布以来的出版物。Source：Paediatr

IntChild

Health

2018

Nov;38

(sup1):S66-S75.24.

hospital-acquired

pneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎However,

its

clinical

efficacy

in

the

treatment

of

hospital-acquiredpneumonia

(HAP)

isunclear.然而，其在治疗医院获得性肺炎（HAP）中的临床疗效尚不清楚。Source：J

Chemother

2018

May;30

(3):

172-178.25.ventilator-associated

pneumonia(VAP)呼吸机相关性肺炎However,

it

is

not

yet

an

established

tool

to

diagnose

ventilator-associated

pneumonia

(VAP).然而，它尚未成为诊断呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）的既定工具。Source：J

Intensive

Care

Med2018

Aug;33

(8):447-455.26.

mycoplasma

pneumonia

(MP)[,maɪko'plɑzmə]

支原体肺炎myc/o(fungas)Efficacy

andsafety

of

Xiyanpinginjectioncombinedwithazithromycinin

treating

mycoplasma

pneumonia

ofchildren:Meta-analysis。喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素治疗儿童支原体肺炎的疗效和安全性：Meta分析。Source：Zhongguo

Zhong

Yao

Za

Zhi

2018

May;43

(10):2153-2161.27.

aspiration

pneumonia

吸入性肺炎Futurestudies

must

focus

on

ameliorating

late

postoperativecomplications,such

as

respiratory

failure

and

aspiration

pneumonia.未来的研究必须集中于改善晚期术后并发症，如呼吸衰竭和吸入性肺炎。Source：Ann

Surg

Oncol

2018

Aug;25

(8):2428-2433.28.

viral

pneumonia

病毒性肺炎Flos

Lonicerae

Japonica

(Yin-Qiao

in

Chinese,

YQ),is

used

clinicallyforthe

treatment

ofviral

pneumonia

due

toitsheat-clearing

anddetoxifying

functions.金银花（中国的银翘，YQ），由于其清热和解毒功能，临床上用于治疗病毒性肺炎。Source:J

Chromatogr

B

Analyt

Technol

Biomed

Life

Sci

2018

Aug;1092

122-130.29.

epiglottitis

[epɪɡlɒ'taɪtɪs]会厌炎epiglott/o(epiglottis)Thebacterium

Haemophilusinfluenzae

type

b

(Hib)

can

cause

severeand

life-threatening

infections

such

as

epiglottitis

and

meningitis.细菌b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）可引起严重的危及生命的感染，如会厌炎和脑膜炎。Source:

Forensic

Sci

Med

Pathol

2018

Jun30.

chronic

bronchitis[brɑŋ'kaɪtɪs]

慢性支气管炎chron/o(time)Chronic

bronchitis(CB)

is

animportant

phenotypein

chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

(COPD).慢性支气管炎（CB）是慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）中的重要表型。Source:

Tuberc

Respir

Dis

(Seoul)

2018

Jul;81(3):228-232.Terminology

Reviewpneumoconiosis

[,njʊmə,konɪ'osɪs]n.

尘肺病pneumothorax

[,njʊmə'θɔræks]

气胸community-acquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospital-acquired

pneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎ventilator-associated

pneumonia(VAP)呼吸机相关性肺炎mycoplasma

pneumonia

(MP)[,maɪko'plɑzmə]

支原体肺炎aspiration

pneumonia

吸入性肺炎viral

pneumonia

病毒性肺炎epiglottitis

[epɪɡlɒ'taɪtɪs]会厌炎chronic

bronchitis

[brɑŋ‘kaɪtɪs]慢性支气管炎呼吸系统高频词汇 第四课31.laryngitis[‘lærɪn’dʒaɪtɪs]喉炎laryng/o(larynx) -itis(inflammation)It

is

true,

however,

that

only

asmall

proportion

of

those

who

smokeorareexposedto

pollutionsuffer

fromchroniclaryngitis.然而，事实上吸烟或暴露在污染环境者仅有小部分患慢性喉炎。来自梁平教授32.

sinusitis

[,saɪnə‘saɪtɪs]

窦炎sinus/o(sinus) -itis(inflammation)Extraduralabscesses

may

also

occur

secondary

to

a

frontal

sinusitis.硬膜外脓肿也可继发于额窦炎。来自梁平教授33.

allergic

alveolitis

[æl,viə‘laitis]过敏性肺泡炎Hypersensitivity

pneumonitis

(HP),

called

extrinsicallergic

alveolitis,is

a

syndrome

characterized

bydiffuse

inflammation

of

lungparenchymaand

airways

in

response

to

the

inhalation

ofantigens

towhichthe

patient

has

been

previously

sensitized.过敏性肺炎(HP)，又称外源性过敏性肺泡炎，是一种由于吸入了患者已被致敏的抗原而引起的以肺部实质和气道的弥漫性炎症为特征的综合征.Source:Pol

Merkur

Lekarski

2018

Mar;44

(261):152-15634.pharyngeal[fə‘rɪndʒɪəl]咽的pharyng/o(pharynx) -eal(pertaining

to)Infections

of

the

pharyngeal

mucosa

and

of

the

tonsilswith

N.gonorrhoeaehave

been

described

in

5%

~25%

ofcases

after

oro-genital

contact

with

infected

persons.在同淋病患者口-生殖器接触后，5％-25％病例有咽部粘膜和扁桃体的奈瑟淋球菌感染。来自梁平教授35.laryngeal[lə‘rɪndʒɪəl]

喉的laryng/o(larynx,

voice

box) -eal(pertaining

to)Laryngeal

sprays

aredifficult

to

useandhavenodirect

therapeuticvalue;

they

are,

however,

comforting

and

medications

such

asglucose

in

glycerin

or

oil

ofpine

may

be

used.喉部喷雾难以使用，且无直接的治疗价值；可使用葡萄糖甘油或松木油等药物进行局部喷雾。来自梁平教授36.laryngospasm

[lə‘riŋɡəspæzəm]

喉痉挛-spasm(sudden

contraction

of

the

muscle)Recorded

perioperative

respiratory

adverse

events

(PRAEs)

includedlaryngospasm,

bronchospasm,

breath

holding,

oxygen

desaturation,and

severe

cough.记录在册的围手术期呼吸道不良事件（PRAE）包括喉痉挛、支气管痉挛、屏气、氧饱和度降低和严重咳嗽。Source:Acta

AnaesthesiolScand2018

Aug;62

(7):915-923.37.

laryngoscopy

[,lærɪŋ'gɑskəpi]

喉镜检查-scopy

(process

of

visual

examination)Orotracheal

intubation

by

direct

laryngoscopy

is

somewhatcontraindicated

in

a

patient

with

partial

transection

ofthe

trachea,because

the

procedure

can

cause

complete

tracheal

transection

andloss

of

the

airway.直接喉镜下气管插管对已行部分气管切除的患者是相对禁忌，因为气管插管步骤导致气管全部横断及气道损伤。Source：

NEJM，Volume

356:e15

April

26,

2007

Number

1738.

mediastinoscopy

[medɪrs'tɪnɒskəpɪ]

纵膈腔内视镜检mediastin/o(mediastinum)For

primary

staging,mediastinoscopy

remains

the

gold

standard

forthesuperior

mediastinal

LNs.

Invasive

procedures

can

be

omitted

inpatients

with

peripheral

tumors

and

negative

mediastinal

and

hilarnodes

on

PET

scan。初始阶段，纵隔镜检查仍可作为上纵隔淋巴结分期的金标准。周围性肺癌和纵隔、肺门淋巴结正常的病人可用pet扫描分期，从而避免侵入性检查。Source：J

Thorac

Oncol.

2007

Apr;2(4):357-361.39.

bronchoscopy

[brɔŋ‘kɔskəpi]

支气管镜检Background:

We

report

experience

with

Ultraflex

metallicstents(BostonScientific,

Natick,

MA)

inserted

at

rigid

bronchoscopy

undergeneral

anesthesia

for

palliation

of

benign

and

malignant

upperairway

obstruction.背景：我们报道了在全麻下使用硬支气管镜检放入Ultraflex

金属支架来治疗良恶性上呼吸道阻塞的经验。Source：

Ann

Thorac

Surg

2007;83:1251-125640.lobectomy[ləʊb'ektəmɪ]肺叶切除术lob/o(lobe

of

thelung) -ectomy(removal)Patients

who

re-bleed

from

the

liver

wound

after

initial

suture

ligationshould

be

treated

by

reexploration

and

lobectomy.在第一次缝合结扎后肝创口的再出血患者需要再次探查及行肝叶切除术。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewlaryngitis

[‘lærɪn’dʒaɪtɪs]喉炎sinusitis[,saɪnə‘saɪtɪs]窦炎allergic

alveolitis

[æl,viə‘laitis]过敏性肺泡炎pharyngeal

[fə‘rɪndʒɪəl

咽的laryngeal

[lə‘rɪndʒɪəl]

喉的laryngospasm

[lə‘riŋɡəspæzəm]喉痉挛laryngoscopy

[,lærɪŋ'gɑskəpi]

喉镜检查mediastinoscopy

[medɪrs‘tɪnɒskəpɪ]

纵膈腔内视镜检bronchoscopy

[brɔŋ‘kɔskəpi]

支气管镜检lobectomy,[ləʊb'ektəmɪ]

肺叶切除术呼吸系统高频词汇 第五课41.

pneumonectomy

[,njʊmə‘nɛktəmi]

肺切除术pneumon/o(lung)

-ectomy(removal)CONCLUSIONS:

The

presence

of

N2

disease

negatively

affects

the

prognosis

ofpatients

with

malignant

pleural

mesothelioma.

Mediastinoscopy,

however,

seemsto

have

a

limited

role

in

patient

selection

for

extrapleuralpneumonectomy.Adjuvant

hemithoracic

radiation

therapy

but

not

N2

disease

affects

the

risk

oflocoregional

recurrence.结论：N2期对于恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的预后有着负性的影响，而纵隔镜检查对于选择胸膜外全肺切除术的患者作用有限。辅助性半侧胸阔放疗则增加局部复发风险。Source：J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg

2007;133:111-11642.

adenoidectomy

[,ædənɔɪ‘dɛktəmi]

腺样体切除术adenoid/o(adenoids)The

aim

of

this

cohort

was

to

determine

potential

risk

factors,concerningthe

effectivenessof

adenoidectomyin

the

treatmentofchronic

otitis

mediawith

effusion

inchildren.该队列的目的是确定影响腺样体切除术治疗儿童慢性中耳炎伴积液有效性的潜在因素。Source:

AurisNasusLarynx

2018

Oct;45

(5):952-958.43.

tonsillectomy

[,tɑnsə‘lɛktəmi]

扁桃腺切除术tonsill/o(tonsil)Some

children

who

are

due

for

cardiac

surgery

may

be

recommendedfor

tonsillectomy

if

the

criteria

of

sepsisare

found,

because

ofthedanger

of

subacute

bacterial

endocarditis.有些需行心脏手术的儿童，如果存在脓毒性扁桃体炎，可建议其切除扁桃体，因其有产生亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的危险。来自梁平教授44.

paranasal

sinuses

[,pærə‘neizəl][’saɪnɝsɪs]

鼻旁窦para-(near)-al(pertaining

to)nas/o(nose)sinus/o(sinus)A

prospective

study

on

the

microbiological

examination

of

secretionsfrom

the

paranasal

sinuses

in

horsesinhealth

and

disease.一项前瞻性研究：对健康和疾病状态下马的鼻旁窦分泌物的微生物学检查。Source:

Acta

Vet

Scand

2018

Jul;60

(1):

43.45.post

nasal

drip

syndrome(PNDS)鼻后滴漏综合征post-(after,

behind)

nas/o(nose)Post

nalsaldrip

syndrome

means

nasal

secretions

accumulates

in

theback

of

the

nose

which

will

lead

to

chroniccough,

itisusually

causedby

chronic

or

allergic

rhinitis.鼻后滴漏综征指鼻腔分泌蓄积于鼻后部，可致慢性咳嗽，多由慢性或过敏性鼻炎引起。46.

nasogastric

intubation[,neizəu‘ɡæstrik][,intju:’beiʃən]插胃管，鼻饲法gastr/o(stomach)

in-(into) -ation(process)The

diagnostic

accuracy

of

blood

sucrose

for

diagnosis

of

gastric

lesions

(GL);glandular

lesions

(GDL);

squamous

lesions

(SQL)

and

clinically

significantgastriclesions

(CSL)

at

45

and

90

min

after

administration

of

1

g/kg

ofsucrosevia

nasogastric

intubation

was

assessed

using

ROC

curves

and

calculating

theAUC.经胃管给予1g/kg的蔗糖，45、90分钟后测定血糖，使用ROC曲线计算曲线下面积（AUC），以评价血糖对胃部病变（GL）、腺体病变（GDL）、鳞状病变（SQL）和临床显著胃病变（CSL）的诊断准确性;。Source:Acta

Vet

Scand

2018

Apr;60

(1):

24.47.

pleural

effusion

胸腔积液pleur/o(pleura)Pleuraleffusion

meansfluidaccumulatesin

thepleural

cavitywith

thesymptoms

include,

breathlessness,

cough,

and

having

pain

in

thechest.胸腔积液指大量液体蓄积在胸腔内，并伴有呼吸短促、咳嗽及胸疼等症状。48.

parapneumonic

effusion

[ɪ'fjuʒn]肺炎旁胸腔积液para-(near,

beside)Chest

tubedrainagewithfibrinolytics

is

acost-effectivetreatmentoption

for

parapneumonic

effusionand

empyema

in

children.胸管引流配合纤维蛋白溶解剂是治疗儿童肺炎性胸腔积液和脓胸的一个经济有效的选择。Source:

Pediatr

Radiol

2018

Jun.49.

pleurodynia

[ˌplʊrə'dɪni:ə]胸膜痛、肋肌痛pleur/o(pleura) -dynia(pain)It

isprescribed

for

the

treatment

ofpleurodynia,

intercostal

neuralgia,cold,

cough

associated

with

bronchitis,

pneumonia,

tuberculosis,

viralrespiratoryinfection,

and

in

pharyngeal

and

chest

congestion.它被用于治疗胸膜痛、肋间神经痛、感冒、与支气管炎相关的咳嗽、肺炎、肺结核、病毒性呼吸道感染以及咽部和胸部充血。Source:

AncSciLife

2012

Jan;31

(3):107-16.50.

pleurisy

[‘plʊrəsi]

胸膜炎pleur/o(pleura)Tuberculous

pleurisy

usually

develops

and

asmall

cavity

openingintoa

bronchus

may

rupture

also

into

the

pleura,resulting

inpneumothorax.结核性胸膜炎常有发生，而且开口于支气管的小空洞也可破入胸腔而引起气胸。来自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewpneumonectomy

[,njʊmə‘nɛktəmi]肺切除术adenoidectomy[,ædənɔɪ‘dɛktəmi]

腺样体切除术tonsillectomy

[,tɑnsə‘lɛktəmi]

扁桃腺切除术paranasal

sinuses

[,pærə‘neizəl][’saɪnɝsɪs]

鼻旁窦post

nasal

drip

syndrome(PNDS)鼻后滴漏综合征nasogastric

intubation[,neizəu‘ɡæstrik][,intju:’beiʃən]插胃管,鼻饲法pleural

effusion

胸腔积液parapneumonic

effusion[ɪ‘fjuʒn]肺炎旁胸腔积液pleurodynia[ˌplʊrə‘dɪni:ə]胸膜痛、肋肌痛pleurisy[‘plʊrəsi]

胸膜呼吸系统高频词汇 第六课51.

pleural

rub

[‘plʊərə]胸膜摩擦音Pleuritis

wasdefined

ashaving

1

of

3

ofthe

following

criteria:typicalpleuritic

chestpain,

pleural

rub,and

clinical

or

radiological

evidenceofpleural

effusion.胸膜炎被定义为具有以下3个标准中的1个：典型的胸膜炎性胸痛，胸膜摩擦音以及胸腔积液的临床或放射学证据。Source:J

Clin

Rheumatol

2014

Dec;20

(8):418-21.52.

pulmonary

[‘pʌlmənɛri]

肺的pulmon/o(lung) -ary(pertaining

to)Rats

underwent

laparotomy,

and

were

inoculated

intravenously

withsyngeneic

MADB106

tumor

cells

for

the

assessmentoflung

tumorretention

(LTR).

Additionally,

the

impact

of

these

drug

regimensonpostoperativelevels

ofNK

cytotoxicity

was

studied

in

peripheral

bloodand

marginating-pulmonary

leukocytes.对大鼠实行剖腹术，并由静脉内接种同系基因型的MADB106肿瘤细胞，用于评价肺内肿瘤潴留量（LTR）。此外，通过检测外周血和marginating-pulmonary粒细胞，研究这些药物疗法对术后NK细胞毒性水平的影响。Source:

Annals

ofSurgical

Oncology

15:2042-2052

(2008)53.

pulmonary

bulla

[‘bʊlə]肺大泡Moreover,

the

mean

size

of

pulmonary

bulla

was

6.5

±

5.5

cm.此外，肺大泡的平均大小为6.5±5.5

厘米。Source:

Medicine

(Baltimore)

2017

Sep;96

(35):

e7733.54.

secondary

pulmonary

tuberculosis继发性肺结核Tuberculosis

is

infectedby

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

whichcanaffect

anywhere

all

over

the

body,

but

the

most

common

organ

is

thelungs.Pulmonary

tuberculosis

is

classified

in

primary

tuberculosis

andsecondary

tuberculosis.结核是由结核杆菌感染所引起的慢性疾病，可在机体任何部位发生，但易感器官为肺脏。肺结核又分为原发性与继发性两种。55.

chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

(COPD)慢性阻塞性肺病Kinesio

Taping®

has

been

used

as

a

physiotherapy

treatment

inmusculoskeletal

disorders.

However,

few

studies

have

evaluated

itseffectiveness

in

patients

with

chronic

obstructive

pulmonarydisease

(COPD).KinesioTaping®已被用作肌肉骨骼疾病的理疗疗法。然而，很少有研究评估其在慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者中的有效性。Source:

Physiother

Theory

Pract

2018

Oct;34

(10):741-746.56.

pulmonary

abscess

[‘æbsɪs]

肺脓肿Thoughbacterial

pulmonary

abscess

and

pneumatocele

formationhave

been

described,

pulmonary

artery

pseudoaneurysm

in

Jobsyndrome

has

not

been

reported

in

literature.尽管细菌性肺脓肿和肺气肿的形成已有所描述，但尚未有关于高免疫球蛋白E综合征中的肺动脉假性动脉瘤的报道。Source:

Vasc

Endovascular

Surg

2018

Jul;52

(5):375-377.57.

pulmonary

edema

[i‘dimə]

肺水肿-edema(swelling)Non-invasiveventilation

is

usually

adopted

as

a

supportto

medicaltherapy

in

patientswith

acute

pulmonary

edema,

but

which

modalitybetween

Pressure

Support

Ventilation

(PSV)

and

Continuous

PositiveAirway

Pressure

(CPAP)

has

better

favorable

effects

is

not

been

yetwell

known.无创通气常被作为急性肺水肿患者药物治疗的辅助手段，但压力支持通气（PSV）和持续气道正压通气（CPAP）中哪一个模式效果更好尚不确定。Source：Respir

Physiol

Neurobiol

2018

Sep;255

7-10.58.

pulmonary

embolism

[‘ɛmbə,lɪzəm]肺栓塞em-(in) bol/o(cast,

throw) -ism(process)Dataon

hemoglobin

levels

and

the

incidence

ofdeep

vein

thrombosis(DVT)

andpulmonary

embolism

(PE)

were

also

collected.血红蛋白水平与深静脉血栓形成（DVT）和肺栓塞（PE）发生率的数据也被收集在内。Source：J

Clin

Anesth

2018

Aug;48

32-38.59.

pulmonary

function

tests

肺功能检查Fifty-eightparticipants

with

COPD

underwent

pulmonary

functiontests,

6-min

walk

test

and

cardiac

MRI,

while

21

healthy

controls

(HCs)underwent

cardiac

MRI.58名COPD患者接受了肺功能检查、6分钟步行试验和心脏MRI检查；而21名健康对照者接受了心脏MRI检查。Source：Eur

Radiol

2018

Aug;28

(8):3464-3472.60.

pulmonary

resection

肺切除术re-(backward) sect/o(tocut) -ion(precess)Thisstudy

evaluated

outcomes

after

implementation

ofERASinpatients

undergoing

resection

for

pulmonary

malignancy.

Aretrospective

review

compared

outcomes

for

patientsundergoingpulmonary

resection

for

primary

lung

cancer.本研究评估了在接受肺恶性肿瘤切除术的患者中实施ERAS后的结果：一项比较了原发性肺癌肺切除术患者的预后的回顾性研究。Source：Ann

ThoracSurg

2018

Jul;106

(1):272-279.Terminology

Reviewpleural

rub[‘plʊərə]胸膜摩擦音pulmonary[‘pʌlmənɛri]

肺的pulmonary

Bulla

[‘bʊlə]肺大泡secondarypulmonary

tuberculosis继发性肺结核chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

慢性阻塞性肺病pulmonary

abscess

[‘æbsɪs]

肺脓肿pulmonary

edema[i‘dimə]

肺水肿pulmonary

embolism

[‘ɛmbə,lɪzəm]肺栓塞pulmonaryfunction

tests

肺功能检查pulmonary

resection

肺切除术呼吸系统高频词汇 第七课61.

idiopathic

pulmonary

fibrosis,

IPF[,ɪdɪə'pæθɪk]特发性肺纤维化idi/o(individual,

distinct)

path/o(disease)Idiopathic

pulmonaryfibrosis(IPF)is

achronic,

debilitating,fibroticlung

disease

leading

to

respiratory

failure

and

ultimately

to

death.特发性肺纤维化（IPF）是一种慢性的、使人衰弱的、纤维化肺病，可致呼吸衰竭并最终导致死亡。Source：Matrix

Biol

2018

Aug;68-69

404-421.62.

pulmonary

fibrosis

[faɪ’brosɪs]

肺纤维化fibr/o(fiber) -osis(abnormal

condition)Resultsof

thisstudysuggest

that

2-AP

mayhave

utilityasa

treatmentfor

lung

cancer

and

pulmonary

fibrosis.该研究的结果表明2-AP可用于治疗肺癌和肺纤维化。Source：Cell

Death

Discov

2018

Dec;4

17.63.

cystic

fibrosis

[‘sɪstɪk][faɪ’brosɪs]

囊性纤维化cyst/o(cyst)A

better

understanding

of

sphingolipid

signaling

in

the

nucleus

willfacilitate

the

design

and

development

ofnew

and

novel

therapeuticapproaches

to

modulate

expression

of

pro-inflammatory

and

cellcycle

dependentgenes

in

human

pathologies

such

as

cancer,bacterial

lung

infection,

neurodegeneration,

and

cystic

fibrosis.更好地理解细胞核中的鞘脂信号将有助于设计和开发新的和新的治疗方法，以调节人类病理学中的促炎和细胞周期依赖性基因的表达，例如癌症、细菌肺部感染、神经变性和囊性纤维化。Source：J

Cell

Biochem

2018

Aug;119(8):6337-6353.64.

phrenic

nerve

['frɛnɪk]

膈神经phren/o(diaphragm)We

find

that

the

earliest

developmental

eventsare

the

emigration

ofmuscleprogenitors

from

cervical

somites

followed

by

the

projection

ofphrenic

nerve

axonsfr