阅读理解之议论文-2025年高考英语一轮复习（新高考）

专题突破卷05阅读理解之议论文

最新高考真题

1.（2024年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解）“Ididn'tHketheending/51saidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.It

wasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.Ihadjust

finishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,with

allhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthe

differencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endings

thatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,Iwouldhavepreferred

adifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.

Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I'dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn't

guess,rdpickupamystery（悬疑4、说）.OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.

Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.

Butwritingtheend-thafshard.Ifshardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.

Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthafsunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits

whafsrightforthecharacters.

Thafswhythisissue（期）ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfor

whateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ifit'sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucan

trytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelsto

seewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.

Thisissuewon'ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe-thafsuptoyouandthestoryyou,retelling一but

itmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.

1.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?

A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.

C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.

2.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?

A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.

B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.

C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.

D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.

3.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?

A.Itsatisfiesreaders9taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.

C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.

4.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?

A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.

C.Toencouragewritingfbrthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.

【答案】LA2.C3.B4.B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐

述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer'sDigest》杂志

如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段“"Ididn'tliketheending,Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunior

yearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.Ihadjustfinishedreading

TheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,

askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.（"我不喜欢这个结局，“我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。

那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治•艾略特的《弗洛斯河上

的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢）”可知，作者去找格

雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。

2.推理判断题o本艮据第二段"Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesameway

again.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,Tdpickupaloveromance.IfIwanted

anendingIcouldn'tguess,I'dpickupamystery（悬疑小说）.OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingto

happen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.（这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有

想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个

我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了）”

可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。

3.推理判断题。根据第三段“Butwritingtheend—thafshard.Ifshardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuch

weightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthafsunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefrom

nowhere,onethatfitswhafsrightfbrthecharacters.（但是写出结局那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局

对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角

色的设定）”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合

故事的发展。故选B项。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"That'swhythisissue（期）ofWriter9sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowto

writethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ifit'sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdown

sixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchapters

offivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.（这就是为什

么这期《Writer'sDigest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇

小说，彼得・蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白•西姆斯分析

了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中）”可知，

作者提到彼得・蒙福德和伊丽莎白・西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer'sDigest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好

的结尾。故选B项。

2.（2024年新高考I卷C篇阅读理解）Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreen

oronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthe

samematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften"no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,including

reducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset（心态）andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigital

content.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit'son

paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareading

passage——toonesthatrequirementalabstraction——suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper5sphysicalproperties.

Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoften

linktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowing

hypothesis《发说）Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,

whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio（音频）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturnto

thesetechnologies一say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,

psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthanif

theylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailable

inprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn't

assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"shinethrough^^inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

6.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

7.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents*attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

【答案】5.D6.A7.A8.C

【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。

5.词句猜测题。根据前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymore

successfulwhenit'sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.（当阅读几百字或

更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现）”可知，在纸上学习

更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideaina

readingpassage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.（当实验人员

从提出简单的任务（如识别阅读文章的主旨）转移到需要思维抽象的任务（如从文本中推断）时）”推知，此处应

是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以

shinethrough应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。

6.推理判断题o根据第四段“Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposeda

theorycalled“shallowinghypothesis（假说）Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswitha

mindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyare

readingprint.（但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowinghypothesis”的理论。根

据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，

投入的精神努力也更少）”可知，shallowinghypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，

不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。

7.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio（音频）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachers

increasinglyturntothesetechnologies一say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.（音

频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一

作者的文章）“可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。

故选A项。

8.推理判断题。根据最后——段“Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhen

providingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflection

arecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.（数字

文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集

中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词）”

可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育

者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍

然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。

3.（2023年全国乙卷D篇阅读理解）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad

texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,and

untilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin

things.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojust

that,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryis

perhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.From

theEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,

wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewantto

reconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyand

strictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften

haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（联系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto

readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

9.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

10.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

12.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories

【答案】9.A10.D11.B12.C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳

入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。

9.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad

texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,and

untilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin

things.（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史,一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述,

因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚

的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。y

可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。

10.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句"Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsome

chaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan5t.（理想情况下，历史应该将文本

和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。）”可推断，作

者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From

theEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,

wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.（在英国方面，

我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名

男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。厂可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只

从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。

11.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe

considercontact（联系）betweenliterateandnon-1iteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare

necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（力口勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及

印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大

的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的

接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。）”结合划线句“Ifwearetofindtheother

halfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我们要找至!J对话的另一半，我

们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。）”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的

历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。

故选B。

12.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad

texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.（如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一

部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而

世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。厂结合最后一段的"IfwearetoEndtheotherhalfofthat

conversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我们要找至U对话的另一半，我们不仅要读

文本，还要读物体。）”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史

就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。

2024年高考模拟真题

（2024-四川达州•二模）"Ispilledsoupalloverthetable,butitwasn'tmyfault,?.<CIgotintotroubleat

school,butitwasn'tmyfault.^^Suchstatementsareoftenheard.t4Ifsnotmyfaulf9isactuallyacommonresponse

forsomanypeopleandespeciallyteenagers.Parentscomplainthatthey5retiredofthe"excuses”.

Thereasonwhyvariationsof"it'snotmyfaulf9aresopopularisthattheygetusoutofguilt,blameand

anger.Thoseemotionsmaycomefromothers'reactionsorourownself-talks.Inthecaseofadolescents,theyare

oftentryingtoescaperesponsibilityandpunishmentformistakes.

Someteenswouldbenefitfromdecreasingtheirself^blame.Thosewhoblamethemselvesforthingsthat

theycan'tcontroltendtobehighlyself-criticalandaremorelikelytobeanxious.

Manyteensoverlyrelyon"it'snotmyfaulf5.However,overuseofthephrasecanresultinfeelingsof

helplessnesstocontroltheirownlives.Besides,66ifsnotmyfault^focusesateen'sattentiononwhatisdoneas

opposedtowhatneedstobedone.Intryingtogetthemtoassumeresponsibility,manyparentsattemptto

convincetheirchildrenthatsomethingistheirfault,buttheapproachtendstobeineffective.Amoreeffective

approachistofaceuptodrawbackstofindsolutionstothedrawbacksactively.

Peoplemaynothavecausedalltheirproblems,buttheyhavetosolvethemanyway.Gettingstuckin

sharingblameoftenkeepspeoplefrommovingforwardeffectively.Whatdoesonedoifheispushedintoadeep

lake?Onecouldcertainlystayinwater,yelling,4tIfsnotmyfault."However,thatisnotgoingtogethimoutof

water.Atsomepoint,heneedstoswimtoshore,regardlessofthefault.

Likemostthingsinlife,freeingourselvesfromblamehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thequestion

isn'twhatis"right”,butwhatismosteffectiveinmovingforward.

13.Whoislikelytorelyon"it'snotmyfault99?

A.Ahighlyself-criticalteenager.

B.Ateenagerunwillingtoadmitafault.

C.Ateenagerfacinguptohisresponsibilities.

D.Ateenageranxiousaboutuncontrollablethings.

14.Whatistheauthor'sadviceongettingteenstoassumeresponsibility?

A.Lettingthemfocusonwhatisdone.

B•Persuadingthemtoadmittheirfault.

C.Makingthemcorrectthemistakeactively.

D.Helpingthemanalyzethereasonforthemistake.

15.WhydoestheauthorraisesuchaquestioninParagraph5?

A.Toputforwardanewsolutiontodrawbacks.

B.Toshowhandlingproblemsshouldcomefirst.

C.Toexplainwhyteenagersgetstuckinsharingblame.

D.Toanalyzewhatkindofproblemiscausedbyothers.

16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Tohelpteenagersoutofself^blame.

B.Totellparentshowtoeducatechildren.

C.Tohelpteenagersfacemistakesproperly.

D.Totellchildrentodoself^talksconsciously.

【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是许多家长对孩子“这不是我的过失”的陈述感到无奈，作者认为

这种陈述有坏的一面也有好的一面，但重要的是让孩子正确面对错误，不断进步。

13.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Thereasonwhyvariationsof"it'snotmyfault,?aresopopularisthattheyget

usoutofguilt,blameandanger.（各种各样的“这不是我的错”之所以如此流行，是因为它们能让我们摆脱内疚、

责备和愤怒。）”可知，“这不是我的错”能使我们摆脱内疚、责备和愤怒，所以才会如此流行，结合下文中

的“Inthecaseofadolescents,theyareoftentryingtoescaperesponsibilityandpunishmentformistakes.（就青少

年而言，他们常常试图逃避责任和对错误的惩罚。）”可知，青少年这样做就是为了逃避责任和对错误的惩

罚，由此可知，那些不愿意承认错误的人很可能依赖“这不是我的错”。故选B项。

14.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Intryingtogetthemtoassumeresponsibility,manyparentsattemptto

convincetheirchildrenthatsomethingistheirfault,buttheapproachtendstobeineffective.Amoreeffective

approachistofaceuptodrawbackstofindsolutionstothedrawbacksactively.（为了让孩子承担责任，许多父母

试图让孩子相信有些事情是他们的错，但这种方法往往是无效的。更有效的方法是正视缺点，积极寻找解

决办法。户可知，很多家长用各种方法让孩子相信有些事情是他们的错，但这些经常是无效的，更有效的

方法是让孩子正视缺点，主动寻找解决的方法，由此可知，作者建议让他们主动改正错误。故选C项。

15.推理判断题o根据第五段中的"Peoplemaynothavecausedalltheirproblems,buttheyhavetosolvethem

anyway.Gettingstuckinsharingblameoftenkeepspeoplefrommovingforwardeffectively.（人们可能不是所有

问题的始作俑者，但无论如何他们必须解决问题。陷入互相指责的困境往往会阻碍人们有效地向前发展。y

可知，作者认为不论错误是谁的，都必须先要解决为题，否则会阻碍人们有效向前发展，进而在下文中提

出问题“Whatdoesonedoifheispushedintoadeeplake?（如果一个人被推入深湖中，他会怎么做?）”并进行分

析，结合下文中的"Atsomepoint,heneedstoswimtoshore,regardlessofthefault.（在某个时刻,他需要游到

岸边，不管是谁的错误。广可知，不管谁的错都应先游到岸边，综合以上信息可知，作者提及这个问题是

为了表明首先要解决问题，而不是追究谁的责任。故选B项。

16.推理判断题。根据尾段“Likemostthingsinlife,freeingourselvesfromblamehasitsadvantagesand

disadvantages.Thequestionisn'twhatis“right”,butwhatismosteffectiveinmovingfbrward.（就像生活中的大

多数事情一样，把自己从责备中解脱出来既有好处也有坏处。问题不在于什么是“正确的”，而在于什么是

最有效的前进方式。）”可知，把自己从责备中解脱出来有好处也有坏处，但问题的根本不在于什么是正确

的，而是什么是最有效的前进方式，结合上文中对“不是我的错”这一流行陈述的好处和坏处的分析，并用

提问的方式表明无论谁的错，都应该先要解决问题，不断前进，所以本文的写作目的是帮助青少年如何正

确地面对错误。故选C项。

（2024-山东潍坊•二模）IhadtosaysomethingafterreadingTheAnxiousGeneration.Itisgoingtosell

well,becauseJonathanHaidtistellingascarystoryaboutchildren'sdevelopmentmanyparentsareledtobelieve.

However,thebook'srepeatedsuggestionthatdigitaltechnologiesarerewiringourchildren'sbrainsandcausing

theepidemic（流行病）ofmentalillnessisunsupportedbyscience.Worse,therudeproposalthatsocialmediais

toblamemightdistract（分心、）usfromeffectivelyrespondingtotherealcausesofthecurrentmental-healthcrisis

inyoungpeople.

ResearchershavesearchedfbrtheeffectssuggestedbyHaidt.Oureffortshaveproducedamixofno,small

andmixedassociations.Mostdataarecorrelative.Whenassociationsovertimearefound,theysuggestnotthat

social-mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,butthatyoungpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental-healthproblems

usesuchplatformsmoreoftenorindifferentwaysfromtheirhealthypeers.

Wearenotalonehere.Severalanalysesandsystematicreviewscentralizeonthesamemessage.An

analysisdonein72countriesshowsnoconsistentormeasurableassociationsbetweenwell-beingandsocial

mediaglobally.Moreover,studiesfromsomeauthoritiesfindsnoevidenceofintensechangesassociatedwith

digital-technologyuse.

Asapsychologiststudyingchildren'sandadolescents9mentalhealth,Iappreciateparents5frustration（沮

丧）anddesirefbrsimpleanswers.Asaparentofadolescents,Iwouldalsoliketoidentifyasimplesourceforthe

painthisgenerationisreporting.Thereare,however,nosimpleanswers.Thebeginninganddevelopmentof

mentaldisordersaredrivenbyacomplexsetofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.

Moreyoungpeoplearetalkingopenlyabouttheirmental-healthstrugglesthaneverbefore.Butinsufficient

servicesareavailabletoaddresstheirneeds.IntheUnitedStates,thereis,onaverage,oneschoolpsychologistfbr

every1,119students.Wehaveagenerationincrisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhatscienceand

evidence-basedsolutionscanoffer.Unfortunately,ourtimeisbeingspenttellingstoriesthatareunsupportedby

researchandthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewhoneed,anddeserve,more.

17.WhatispresentedinTheAnxiousGeneration?

A.Scarystoriesaffectchildren'sbrains.

B.Parentsareresponsibleforchildren'shealth.

C.Teen'smentalillnessresultsfromscreentime.

D.Theepidemicofmentalillnessisunavoidable.

18.Whatdoes"thesamemessage“underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Manycountriesdoresearchinmentalhealth.

B.Well-beingandsocialmediaarecloselyrelated.

C.Theyoungaretrappedinthemental-healthcrisis,

D.Socialmediadon'tnecessarilycausementalillness.

19.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.Effectiveactionsneedtobetaken.B.Positivestoriesshouldbeshared.

C.Financialsupportneedstobeprovided.D.Broaderresearchshouldbedone.

20.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tosuggestwaystohelpthoseinneed.

B.Toencourageparentstobravethecrisis.

C.Torecommendanewly-publishedbook.

D.Togiveavoicetochildren'smentalissues.

【答案】17.C18.D19.A20.D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文是对《焦虑的一代》一书的评论，作者认为该书提出的数字技术导致儿

童大脑重构和精神健康危机的观点缺乏科学依据。作者强调，精神障碍的成因复杂，需要基于科学和证据

的解决方案，而不是简单归咎于社交媒体。

17.细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,thebook'srepeatedsuggestionthatdigitaltechnologiesarerewiring

ourchildren'sbrainsandcausingtheepidemic（流行病）ofmentalillnessisunsupportedbyscience.（然而，这本

书一再暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神健康问题的流行，这一观点并没有得到科学的

支持。）”可知，该书重复暗示数字技术正在重构我们孩子的大脑，并导致精神健康问题的流行。C选项“Teen's

mentalillnessresultsfromscreentime.（青少年的精神疾病与看屏幕时间有关。）”与该描述相一致。故选C。

18.词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Whenassociationsovertimearefound,theysuggestnotthat

social-mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,butthatyoungpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental-healthproblems

usesuchplatformsmoreoftenorindifferentwaysfromtheirhealthypeers.（随着时间的推移，他们发现社交媒

体的使用并不是预测或导致抑郁症，而是已经有心理健康问题的年轻人比健康的同龄人更频繁地或以不同

的方式使用这些平台。）“以及划线词后面的内容“Ananalysisdonein72countriesshowsnoconsistentor

measurableassociationsbetweenwell-beingandsocialmediaglobally.（在72个国家进行的一项分析显示，在

全球范围内，幸福感和社交媒体之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。户可知，“同样的信息”指的是社交媒体

并不一定导致心理健康问题。通过在72个国家进行的一项分析显示，在全球范围内，幸福感和社交媒体

之间没有一致的或可衡量的联系。故划线词指代的是没有一致或可测量的证据表明社交媒体与幸福感之间

有密切关系。故选D。

19.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wehaveagenerationincrisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhat

scienceandevidence-basedsolutionscanoffer.Unfortunately,ourtimeisbeingspenttellingstoriesthatare

unsupportedbyresearchandthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewhoneed,anddeserve,more.（我们这一代人

正处于危机之中，迫切需要科学和基于证据的解决方案所能提供的最好的东西。不幸的是，我们的时间花

在讲述没有研究支持的故事上，这些故事对那些需要、也应该得到更多支持的年轻人几乎没有帮助。厂可

知，针对于年轻人的心理健康问题，我们正在浪费时间讲述没有研究支持的故事，而这些故事对需要帮助

的年轻人并没有帮助，这暗示我们需要采取有效的行动来解决这个问题。故选A。

20.推理判断题。根据第一段中“IhadtosaysomethingafterreadingTheAnxiousGeneration.Itisgoingtosell

well,becauseJonathanHaidtistellingascarystoryaboutchildren'sdevelopmentmanyparentsareledtobelieve.

However,theb