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专题突破卷05阅读理解之议论文
最新高考真题
1.(2024年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解)“Ididn'tliketheending,1saidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.It
wasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.Ihadjust
finishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,with
allhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthe
differencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endings
thatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,Iwouldhavepreferred
adifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.
Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI
wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I'dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn't
guess,I'dpickupamystery(悬疑〃、说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.
Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.
Butwritingtheend-thafshard.Ifshardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.
Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthafsunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits
whafsrightforthecharacters.
Thafswhythisissue(期)ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfor
whateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ifit'sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucan
trytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelsto
seewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.
Thisissuewon'ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe-thafsuptoyouandthestoryyou'retelling一but
itmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.
1.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?
A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.
C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.
2.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?
A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.
B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.
C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.
D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.
3.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?
A.Itsatisfiesreaders9taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.
C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.
4.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?
A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.
C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.
2.(2024年新高考I卷C篇阅读理解)Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreen
oronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthe
samematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften"no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,including
reducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigital
content.
Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenifson
paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly
shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareading
passage——toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.
Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper9sphysicalproperties.
Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoften
linktheirmemoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.
Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled"shallowing
hypothesis(假说)Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,
whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.
Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturnto
thesetechnologies-say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,
psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthanif
theylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.
Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailable
inprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn,t
assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough“inparagraph2mean?
A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.
C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.
6.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?
A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.
C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.
7.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?
A.Theycanholdstudents'attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.
C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.
8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?
A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.
B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.
C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.
D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.
3.(2023年全国乙卷D篇阅读理解)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot
privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhad
texts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,and
untilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin
things.
Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojust
that,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryis
perhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.From
theEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,
wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewantto
reconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyand
strictlyasthewrittenreports.
Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor
deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoften
haveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof
BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost
powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenwe
considercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsare
necessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto
readnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.
9.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.
C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.
10.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?
A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.
C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.
11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation“inparagraph3referto?
A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.
12.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?
A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia
C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories
2024年高考模拟真题
(2024•四川达州•二模)"Ispilledsoupalloverthetable,butitwasn'tmyfkult"."Igotintotroubleat
school,butitwasn'tmyfaulf,Suchstatementsareoftenheard."It'snotmyfhult“isactuallyacommonresponse
forsomanypeopleandespeciallyteenagers.Parentscomplainthatthey'retiredofthe“excuses”.
Thereasonwhyvariationsof"it'snotmyfhult“aresopopularisthattheygetusoutofguilt,blameand
anger.Thoseemotionsmaycomefromothers9reactionsorourownself^talks.Inthecaseofadolescents,theyare
oftentryingtoescaperesponsibilityandpunishmentformistakes.
Someteenswouldbenefitfromdecreasingtheirself-blame.Thosewhoblamethemselvesforthingsthat
theycan'tcontroltendtobehighlyself^criticalandaremorelikelytobeanxious.
Manyteensoverlyrelyon"it'snotmyfaulf,.However,overuseofthephrasecanresultinfeelingsof
helplessnesstocontroltheirownlives.Besides,taifsnotmyfault55focusesateen'sattentiononwhatisdoneas
opposedtowhatneedstobedone.Intryingtogetthemtoassumeresponsibility,manyparentsattemptto
convincetheirchildrenthatsomethingistheirfault,buttheapproachtendstobeineffective.Amoreeffective
approachistofaceuptodrawbackstofindsolutionstothedrawbacksactively.
Peoplemaynothavecausedalltheirproblems,buttheyhavetosolvethemanyway.Gettingstuckin
sharingblameoftenkeepspeoplefrommovingforwardeffectively.Whatdoesonedoifheispushedintoadeep
lake?Onecouldcertainlystayinwater,yelling,tcIfsnotmyfhult."However,thatisnotgoingtogethimoutof
water.Atsomepoint,heneedstoswimtoshore,regardlessofthefault.
Likemostthingsinlife,freeingourselvesfromblamehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thequestion
isn'twhatis“right”,butwhatismosteffectiveinmovingforward.
13.Whoislikelytorelyon"it'snotmyfhult”?
A.Ahighlyself-criticalteenager.
B.Ateenagerunwillingtoadmitafault.
C.Ateenagerfacinguptohisresponsibilities.
D.Ateenageranxiousaboutuncontrollablethings.
14.Whatistheauthor'sadviceongettingteenstoassumeresponsibility?
A.Lettingthemfocusonwhatisdone.
B.Persuadingthemtoadmittheirfault.
C.Makingthemcorrectthemistakeactively.
D.Helpingthemanalyzethereasonforthemistake.
15.WhydoestheauthorraisesuchaquestioninParagraph5?
A.Toputforwardanewsolutiontodrawbacks.
B.Toshowhandlingproblemsshouldcomefirst.
C.Toexplainwhyteenagersgetstuckinsharingblame.
D.Toanalyzewhatkindofproblemiscausedbyothers.
16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?
A.Tohelpteenagersoutofself-blame.
B.Totellparentshowtoeducatechildren.
C.Tohelpteenagersfacemistakesproperly.
D.Totellchildrentodoself-talksconsciously.
(2024•山东潍坊•二模)IhadtosaysomethingafterreadingTheAnxiousGeneration.Itisgoingtosell
well,becauseJonathanHaidtistellingascarystoryaboutchildren'sdevelopmentmanyparentsareledtobelieve.
However,thebook'srepeatedsuggestionthatdigitaltechnologiesarerewiringourchildren'sbrainsandcausing
theepidemic(流行病)ofmentalillnessisunsupportedbyscience.Worse,therudeproposalthatsocialmediais
toblamemightdistract(分心)usfromefFectivelyrespondingtotherealcausesofthecurrentmental-healthcrisis
inyoungpeople.
ResearchershavesearchedfortheeffectssuggestedbyHaidt.Oureffortshaveproducedamixofno,small
andmixedassociations.Mostdataarecorrelative.Whenassociationsovertimearefound,theysuggestnotthat
social-mediausepredictsorcausesdepression,butthatyoungpeoplewhoalreadyhavemental-healthproblems
usesuchplatformsmoreoftenorindifferentwaysfromtheirhealthypeers.
Wearenotalonehere.Severalanalysesandsystematicreviewscentralizeonthesamemessage.An
analysisdonein72countriesshowsnoconsistentormeasurableassociationsbetweenwell-beingandsocial
mediaglobally.Moreover,studiesfromsomeauthoritiesfindsnoevidenceofintensechangesassociatedwith
digital-technologyuse.
Asapsychologiststudyingchildren'sandadolescents5mentalhealth,Iappreciateparents5frustration(沮
丧)anddesireforsimpleanswers.Asaparentofadolescents,Iwouldalsoliketoidentifyasimplesourceforthe
painthisgenerationisreporting.Thereare,however,nosimpleanswers.Thebeginninganddevelopmentof
mentaldisordersaredrivenbyacomplexsetofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.
Moreyoungpeoplearetalkingopenlyabouttheirmental-healthstrugglesthaneverbefore.Butinsufficient
servicesareavailabletoaddresstheirneeds.IntheUnitedStates,thereis,onaverage,oneschoolpsychologistfor
every1,119students.Wehaveagenerationincrisisandindesperateneedofthebestofwhatscienceand
evidence-basedsolutionscanoffer.Unfortunately,ourtimeisbeingspenttellingstoriesthatareunsupportedby
researchandthatdolittletosupportyoungpeoplewhoneed,anddeserve,more.
17.WhatispresentedinTheAnxiousGeneration?
A.Scarystoriesaffectchildren'sbrains.
B.Parentsareresponsibleforchildren'shealth.
C.Teen'smentalillnessresultsfromscreentime.
D.Theepidemicofmentalillnessisunavoidable.
18.Whatdoes"thesamemessage“underlinedinparagraph3referto?
A.Manycountriesdoresearchinmentalhealth.
B.Well-beingandsocialmediaarecloselyrelated.
C.Theyoungaretrappedinthemental-healthcrisis,
D.Socialmediadon'tnecessarilycausementalillness.
19.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?
A.Effectiveactionsneedtobetaken.B.Positivestoriesshouldbeshared.
C.Financialsupportneedstobeprovided.D.Broaderresearchshouldbedone.
20.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Tosuggestwaystohelpthoseinneed.
B.Toencourageparentstobravethecrisis.
C.Torecommendanewly-publishedbook.
D.Togiveavoicetochildren'smentalissues.
(2024•甘肃张掖•三模)Howtheeconomicsprofessionshouldfixitsgenderproblem
Attheheartofeconomicsisabeliefinthevirtues(好处)ofopencompetitionasawayofusingthe
resourcesyouhaveinthemostefficientwayyoucan.Thankstothepowerofthatinsight,economistsroutinely
tellpoliticianshowtorunpublicpolicyandbusinesspeoplehowtoruntheirfirms.Yetwhenitcomestoitsown
house,academiceconomicscouldhavedonemoretoobservethestandardsitappliestotherestoftheworld.
Inparticular,itrecruits(招聘)toofewwomen.Also,manyofthosewhodoworkintheprofessionsaythey
aretreatedunfairlyandthattheirtalentsarenotfullyrealised.Asaresult,economicshasfewergoodideasthanit
shouldandsuffersfromaskewed(歪曲的)viewpoint.Itistimeforthedismalsciencetoimproveitsdismal
recordongender.
FordecadesrelativelyfewwomenhaveparticipatedinSTEMsubjects:science,technology,engineering
andmaths.Economicsbelongsinthislist.AndasurveybytheAmericanEconomicsAssociation(AEA)thisweek
showsthatmanywomenwhodobecomeacademiceconomistsaretreatedbadly.
Todealwithitsgendershortfall(缺口),economicsneedstwotoolsthatitoftenusestoanalyseandsolve
problemselsewhere:itsabilitytocrunchdataanditscapacitytoexperiment.Takedatafirst.TheAEAstudyis
commendable,butonlyafifthofits45,000presentandpastmembersrepliedtoitspoll.Betterdataareneededto
capturehowworkbyfemaleeconomistsisdiscriminatedagainst.Themorecomprehensive(全面的)thepicture
thatemerges,thesoonerandmoreeasilyactioncanbetakentochangerecruitmentandtoreformprofessionallife.
Theotherpriorityisforeconomiststoexperimentwithnewideas,astheAEAisrecommending.Fora
disciplinethatvaluesdynamism,academiceconomicsisoftenconservative,stickingwithteachingmethods,
hiringproceduresandsocialconventionsthathavebeenaroundfordecades.TheAEAsurveyreveals(显示)that
46%ofwomenhavenotaskedaquestionorpresentedanideaatconferencesforfearofbeingtreatedunfairly,
comparedwith18%ofmen.Seminarscouldbeorganisedtoensurethatallspeakersgetafairchance.Theway
thatauthors9namesarepresentedonpaperscouldensurethatitisclearwhohasdonetheintellectualheavy
lifting.
Insteadofmovingcautiously,theeconomicsprofessionshoulddowhatitisbestat:recognisethereisa
problem,measureitobjectivelyandfindsolutions.Iftheresultismorewomenineconomicswhoaretreated
better,therewillbemorecompetitionforideasandamoreefficientuseofascarce(稀缺的)resource.What
economistcouldpossiblyobjecttothat?
21.Whydoeseconomicshavefewerexcellentideasthanitshould?
A.Economicalenvironmentisn'tgoodenough.
B.Professionalsinthisfieldaretreatedunjustlyandtheirgiftsarenotfullyrecognized.
C.Toomanywomenareemployed.
D.Womendoworseineconomicsthanmen.
22.Whatdoeseconomicsneedtohandleitsgendergap?
A.Datatocapturehowworkbyfemaleeconomistsisdiscriminatedagainst.
B.Itsabilitytoprocessdataquicklyanditscapacitytoexperiment.
C.Actiontochangerecruitmentandprofessionallifeoffemaleeconomists.
D.Seminarsorganisedtoensurethatallspeakersgetafairchance.
23.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?
A.TheresultoftheAEAsurveyisthatthereisbettertreatmenttowomen.
B.Morewomenineconomicswillbringmorecompetitionofscarceresource.
C.Abalancedsexratiowilldogoodtothedevelopmentofeconomics.
D.Menineconomicscan'tmakethisdisciplinebetter.
24.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sattitudetowardstheeconomicsanditsrecruitmentnow?
A.Opposed.B.Positive.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.
(2024广东广州•三模)"Satingfromnowon,tobehealthy,IwillNOTeatanysnacksbesidesgranola
bars(燕麦棒),“iswhatItoldmyselfyesterday,andyethereIamtodaychewingaChocopie.I'mawarethatI'm
breakingmyownpromisetomyself.Insteadofeatingthis,Ishouldbeworkingoutorsomething.Butthethingis,
chocolateistoogoodatthismomentformetorefuseit!
AsItypethis,I'mexperiencingwhafscalledinstantgratification-thedesiretoexperiencepleasureor
fulfillmentwithoutdelayingitforafuturebenefit.Essentially,whenyouwantit,yougetit.
Instantgratificationisalsotheexactoppositeofwhatwe'retaughttodo-delayedgratification:decidingto
putoffsatisfyingourcurrentwanttogainsomethingbetterinthefuture.We'veallencounteredinstant
gratificationbefore.ShouldIsleepinorwakeupearlytoworkout?WhenIgethome,shouldIrestandwatchTV
firstorgetstartedonmyhomework?
Allhumanshavethetendencytoseekpleasureandavoidpain,whichisabasicbutfundamentalconcept
knownasthepleasureprinciple.OriginallycoinedbySigmundFreud,itclearlystatesthatallhumansaredriven,
tosomeextent,bypleasure.
Constantlyseekingquickpleasuremaybringsubsequenttroubles.Howeverpleasantnotdoingyour
homeworkmayseempleasantrightnow,itonlyresultsinpleasureplaguedbyguiltandlast-minutepanickinglate
atnight.Aninabilitytoresistinstantgratificationmayresultinunderachievinginthelongtermandfailureto
meetcertaingoals.
Instantgratification,however,isnotnecessarilyabadthing.Youdon'talwayshavetosaynotothingsyou
wantatthatmoment,andit'sgoodtotreatyourselfwhenyouneedit.Inotherwords,timeswhereyou"treat
yourself'areonlyvaluableincombinationwithdelayedgratification.WhilemyChocopiemaytastegoodnow,
if11tasteevenbetterifIonlyeatitafterI'veworkedoutordonesomethinghealthy.
25.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?
A.Bymakingacontrast.B.Bygivingadefinition.
C.Bycitingapersonalcase.D.Bylistingdetailedproblems.
26.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinstantgratification?
A.Purchasingitemsregardlessofbudgets.B.Exercisingregularlyforlong-termhealth.
C.Limitingtimeonsocialmediaplatforms.D.FinishinghomeworkbeforewatchingTV.
27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plagued“inparagraph5probablymean?
A.Reminded.B.Highlighted.C.Introduced.D.Bothered.
28.Whatmaytheauthoragreewith?
A.Delayedgratificationispointless.
B.Instantgratificationshouldbeprioritized.
C.Enjoyingthemomentbringsinendlesspleasure.
D.Instanttreatspairedwithdelayedgratificationaresweeter.
(2024•河匕秦皇岛•三模)Therecentspreadofccfakenews^^maymakeitseemlikemisinformationisa
relativelymoderninvention.Butfalsehoods(假话)andwildclaimshavebeenpartofhumancultureforaboutas
longasifsexisted.Thisisbecausemisinformationoriginateswith,andisspreadby,fellowhumans.
Whenyou'veeverhadtocommunicateanimportant,butcomplex,issuetoageneralaudience,youmay
haveaseaofthemostreliabledata,themostelegantPowerPointslidesandthefullbackingofeveryfamous
expertintherelevantfield.Andyet,youcanstillbelesspersuasivethansomeonewhoseentireargumentis:"A
guyImetdownthepubtoldmesomethingdifferent.^^
Inaperfectlysensible,logicalworld,someonewhoislooselyconnectedwithacertainfieldorindustry
wouldn'thavethesameinfluenceasactualdata,ortheleadingexpertsinthefield.Buthumansaren'tperfectly
sensible,logicalcreaturesandneitheristheworldwelivein.
Theabilitytothinkrationallyandanalyticallyisarelativelyrecentadditiontoourmentalabilities(inthe
evolutionarysense).Anditcostsourbrainsalotofenergyandeffort,Themoreestablished,fundamentalsystems
inourbrain,whichshapememoryandlearning,areheavilyreliantonemotion.Themoreemotionallystimulating
somethingis,theeasieritistoremember.Thafswhywecanspendmonthsrevisingthematerialforacrucial
schoolexam,butstruggletorememberanyofitoncewe'vepassed.Meanwhile,theembarrassingtineweslipped
andlandedonourbacksideintheschoolcanteen,thatmemorywilllastuntilourdyingday.
Themostdeterminedsceptics(无神论者)willoftensay,“Factsdon'tcareaboutyourfeelings,whichis
correct.Butfeelingsdon'tnecessarilycareaboutfactseither.Andultimately,feelingshavemoreofasayinwhat
wethinkanddo.Andthafswhyyourmatedownthepubcanseemmorebelievablethanapileofpublished
research.
29.Whatcontributestothespreadofftakenews”?
A.Peoplefactor.B.Humanculture.
C.Modeminvention.D.Informationaccuracy.
30.Whydidthegeneralaudiencesthinkactualdatalesspersuasive?
A.Theyprefermakingsensibleanalyses.B.Theyaemorelikelytobeemotional.
C.Theyhavemoretrustinauthority.D.Theyoverestimatethemselves.
31.Howdoestheauthorillustratehisideainparagraph4?
A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.
C.Byexplainingaconcept.D.Bycitingexperts5words.
32.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?
A.Torevealsecrets.B.Toshareemotions.
C.Tocriticizeadecision.D.Todescribeaphenomenon.
(2024•浙江杭州•二模)Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaska
furtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctly
differentviewsofhumanity.
Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll
(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans'essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Those
whoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheir
well-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.
Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhowe
areashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandoffer
lovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Even
commonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.For
example,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?
Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicaland
psychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shown
throughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhateandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthe
cycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestranged(不和的)acceptyourloveand
forgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnect
people.
Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaclassicalphilosophicalperspective,weseethedistinctionbetween
potentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialto
learnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,inrealsituations,developswith
practice.
33.WhatisDrolFsideaaboutforgiveness?
A.Peoplesho
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