浙江高考英语新题型 概要写作-新题型研读与训练（含解析）

新题型05概要写作

考纲解读：

♦选材特点

（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；

（2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

♦评分参考

阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；

（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；

（3）上下文的连贯性；

（4）对各要点表达的正确性情况。

注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词

汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次

将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

2.考查能力

概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘

要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是

抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子

进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查

学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章

重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表

达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

3.写作步骤

1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。

2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些

问题写出要点。

3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺

序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：

（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较

少的文字写次要内容。

（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互

不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语

表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

样题展示：

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Ifyouhaven'tseenalpacameat（羊驼肉）onthemenuyet,chancesareyousoonwill.Itis

risinginpopularity;about70restaurantsacrossAustraliafeaturethemeatintheirdishes.Among

themisMelbournerestaurantPastuso,whoseheadchefappearedinavideobytheAustralian

AlpacaAssociationtodiscusshowpeoplehavelikedthedish.AlejandroSaravia,aPeruviancook

atPastuso,describedthetasteassimilartobeef,"Alpacameathasbeenverywellenjoyedbythe

Australianpublic,"hesaidinthevideo.

FamouscookMattMoran,whoownssomeofSydney'sleadingrestaurants,wroteanarticle

forTheDailyTelegraphtodiscusshisexperienceofcookingalpacameat.Moransaidhehad

nevertriedthemeatuntilhevisitedanalpacafarm,anddescribedtheflavouras"verytasty",

especiallythemeatfromtheneck.AlpacameathasalsostarredindishesattheMelbourneFood

andWineFestival,withTheAgereportingin2013about20Australianrestaurantsservedthe

meat,anumberwhichhasgrownquicklysince.

MelbournerestaurantSanTelmo'sheadcookMikePatrickresearchedanalpacadish,and

saidtheresponsewasmixed."Itwas50/50：somepeoplesaid'ohwow—whatareyoucooking

thatfor?Nothankyou'andothersthought'thisisreallycoolandsomethingdifferentandIwant

tohaveatry'.Thepeoplewhotrieditlovedit.It'sapointofdifferenceandpeoplelikethat."

InAustraliaalpacasarefarmedmainlyfortheirfur;buttheAustralianAlpacaAssociation

websitesaidfarmingalpacasformeatisagrowingindustry.Alpacameatisagoodsourceof

proteinwithlittlesaturatedfatandcholesterol月旦固醇）；itisalsoenvironmentallyfriendlywhen

peoplefeedthem.Alpacasareabletostanddryconditionsforlongerthanmostotheranimals,

andtheirsoftfeetcauselittledamagetothesoilandecosystem.

文章大意i

i

Paragraph1：如果你还没有在菜单上看到过羊驼肉，那么你很快就会看到了。羊驼肉1

正越来越流行。

i

Paragraph2：厨师MattMoran称直到他参观了一个羊驼牧场他才尝试了羊驼肉，并表；

i

示它的味道美极了。羊驼肉美妙的味道使其逐渐被列入节日活动及餐厅的菜单中。

I

i

Paragraph3：一半的人喜欢羊驼肉的美味，而另一半的人还不愿意尝试。

।

Paragraph4：在澳大利亚，人们饲养羊驼主要是为了它的皮毛，而将羊驼作为肉食动j

物饲养的这个产业正在发展，因为羊驼肉富含饱和脂肪和胆固醇含量比较低的蛋白质，且

饲养羊驼也比较环保。

i

【范文】

i

Youmaysoonenjoyalpacameatbecauseitisbecomingpopular.（要点1）Moreandmore

restaurantsareservingitforitsdelicioustaste,whichisthoughthighlyofbycooks.（要点2）

Abouthalfpeoplewantingtotryitlikeitstastewhileothersevenrefusetotryit.（要点3）

Alpacameatisrichinhealth-beneficialproteinandraisingalpacasdoeslittleharmtothe

environmentandecosystem,whichleadstothedevelopmentoftheindustryoffeedingalpacas

i

formeat.（要点4）

L........................................................................................................................................i

解题技巧：

概要写作，其实我们考生并不陌生，在日常的英语教学中，教师经常让学生就所学英语

课文逐段概括段落大意或者复述课文，这在一定程度上都为概要写作打基础。除此之外，作

为考生，还要注意以下几点：

(1)积累常见的同义短语和句型转换，掌握并运用单词、短语和句型。”巧妇难为无米

之炊〃，即使有再好的写作技巧，如果没有相应的基础词汇和句法知识，也很难写出概要写

作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基础词汇和句法知识上下功夫，以不变应万变。

(2)进行适度地专题练习。有计划地进行适度练习有利于考生快速掌握概要写作的要

点，找到概要写作的感觉，冲破对概要写作的不适感。平时可多关注往年的高考阅读文章，

进行结构分析和主旨概括训练。可按文体和题材，分类训练篇章结构的布局，增强对文章上

下文连贯性的把握。概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如：

记叙文：what/who/when/where/why/how

议论文：opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)

说明文：phenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect),introductionofan

object(howitismade,howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificant)

新闻：afocusonthefirstparagraphandthefirstandlastsentencesoftheother

paragraphs

通关演练：

1

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Anewstudyhasbeenpublishedthatputswaterqualityandtheskinofbabiesunderthe

microscope.Dr.CarstenFlohrandhisteamatKing'sCollegeLondonpresentedtheresultsoftheir

population-basedstudyinTheJournalofAllergyandClinicalImmunology.

Researchersinvolvedabout1,300three-month-oldbabiesfromacrosstheUKinthisstudy.

Theylookedspecificallyatthelevelofcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)inthewater,whichisa

measureofwaterhardness.Thelevelofchlorine(M)inthefamily'swatersupplywasalsotaken

intoconsideration,aswastheuseofbathingproducts,andhowregularlythebabieswerebathed.

Thebabieswerethenexaminedforthepresenceofchildhoodeczema(湿疹).Thenaturalbarrier

oftheirskinwasalsoexamined;babieswerescreenedfortheFLGgenewhichisassociatedwith

anaffectedskinbarrier.

Thestudyfoundthathardwaterislinkedtoan87percentincreasedriskofeczemafor

babiesofthreemonthsofage."Ourstudybuildsongrowingevidenceofalinkbetweenexposure

tohardwaterandtheriskofdevelopingeczemainchildhood.It'snotyetclearwhethercalcium

carbonatehasadirectbadeffectontheskinbarrier;orwhetherotherenvironmentalfactors

directlyrelatedtowaterhardness,suchasthewater'spH,mayberesponsible,"Dr.CarstenFlohr

said.

Andthestudy,thankfully,doesn'tendthere.Dr.Flohrwillbeexaminingtheseresultsfurther,

withanewstudyintheworks.Thislatestudyisduetobeginlaterthisyearandthequestionthey

willbeseekingtoansweriswhetheradevicetolowerwaterhardnessinhouseholdswillhave

anyeffectontheskinofbabies.Ifadeviceisintroducedintoahouseholdwhenababyisborn,

willtheriskofeczemadevelopingbereduced?Forthosewithbabiesorchildrensuffering,this

couldbethenewsyouhavehopedfor.

文章大意

Paragraph1：CarstenFlohr博士和他的团队发表了一项关于水质和婴儿皮肤的关系的新研究。

Paragraph2：该研究的受试者为英国大约1300名3个月大的婴儿。研究人员调查了水中碳酸钙的含量、洗

澡用品的使用'洗澡频率、湿疹的发病率等诸多方面。

Paragraph3:研究发现硬度高的水会使3个月大的婴儿患湿疹的风险增加87%.然而,像碳酸钙是否直接损

害皮肤的屏障赭其他环境因素是否会直接影响水的硬度这样的问题还没有被弄清楚。

Paragraph4:Flohr博士将继续研究降低水硬度的家用设备对婴儿的皮肤及降低婴儿患湿疹的枇率是否有影

响。

【范文】

Newresearchintothelinkbetweenwaterqualityandinfantskinhealthhasmade

progress.（要点1）Todrawtheconclusion,researchersexaminedabout1,3003-month-oldinfants,

takingvariousfactorssuchaswaterhardnessintoconsideration.（要点2）Theyfoundhardwater

madetheriskofeczemaforbabiesincreaseby87%,butquestionslikewhethercalcium

carbonateharmstheskinbarrierdirectlyremainunclear.（要点3）Dr.Flohrwillfurtherexamine

whetherahouseholddeviceloweringwaterhardnessbenefitsbabies'skinorprotectsthemfrom

eczema.（要点4）

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Manypeoplearefondoflisteningtomusic.Whetherit'slightmusicorjazzmusic,itcan

improveourmoods.Musichasbeenwithussinceveryearlytimesinhumanhistory.Haveyou

everwonderedhowmusicmightaffectourhealth?

Researchshowsthathavingmusicaltrainingandlisteningtoorplayingmusicatanoldage

canhelpkeepthebrainhealthy.Sincelisteningtomusicislikeexercisingthebrain,onecan

expectthebenefitsofbettermemoryandmentalsharpnessasheorsheages.

Musiccanmakeyoufeelhappy,excitedorevenpumpedup.Listeningtomusicthathitsyou

inaspecialwaycausesyourbraintoreleasedopamine,whichisknownasa,,feel-good"chemical.

Itcausesustofeelhappyandexcited.Listeningtomusicprovidesuswiththesameburstof

happinessthatwewouldgetfromeatingapieceofchocolate.

Musiccanstrengthentheheartandshortentherecoverytimeofpatientswhoaresuffering

fromheartdisease.Astudyfoundthatheartdiseasepatientswholistenedtomusicfor30

minuteshadlowerbloodpressure,slowerheartratesandlesssadnessthanthosewhodidn't.

ResearchersfromDrexelUniversityfoundthatcancerpatientswhoeitherlistenedtomusicor

workedwithamusictherapisthadbetterbloodpressurelevelsandimprovedmoods.

Musiccanreducelevelsofthestresshormone,whichweakenstheimmune（免疫）system,

increasingriskofheartdisease,affectinglearningandmemory,loweringbonedensity（密度）and

bloodpressure,etc.Researchfoundthatbylisteningtojust50minutesofupliftingmusic,the

levelsofantibodiesinthehumanbodyincrease.

Researchhasfoundthatlisteningtomusicpromotesbettersleeppatternsforpeopleand

evencreatesmorerestfulsleep.Insomecases,musicmightevenbeabletobeusedtoeffectively

treatsleeplessness.Musiccanhavepositiveeffectsonthesoulandqualityoflifeaswell.

文章大意

Paragraph1：很多人喜欢听音乐，音乐从人类历史早期就和人类相依相伴了，目对我们的健康有益。

Paragraph2：研究显示接受音乐训练'听音乐或演奏音乐有助于保持老年人的大脑健康。

Paragraphs：音乐可以使人们感到开心、兴奋或者受到鼓舞。

Paragraphs4&5：音乐还可以使患有心脏病、高血压或癌症的人受益，并能提高人的免疫力。

Paragraph6：音乐能改善人的睡眠模式，让人安然入睡，还对人的心灵和生活质量有积极影响。

【范文】

Musichasbeenpartofourlivessinceancienttimesanditbenefitsourhealth.（要点1）

Musiccankeeptheagingbrainhealthyandmakeushappyorcheerusup.（要点2）Asforits

medicalbenefits,musicisgoodforpatientswithheartdisease,highbloodpressureorcancerand

canboostourimmunesystem.（要点3）Besides,musiccanhelpussleepwellandpositivelyaffect

oursoulandlifequality.（要点4）

I

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

TheWorldRiceConferencehasvotedCambodianricethebestriceintheworld.Cambodia

producedjustonepercentoftheworld'srice.Itistryingtoincreasethatamount,andtheaward

mayhelp.

Thecountry'sriceindustryissmallandnotwell-organized.Asaresult,largeamountsof

unprocessedricearesenttoThailandandVietnamwhereitissoldforahigherprice.Butrice

meansalottoCambodia'seconomy.ManyCambodianssurviveinpartbygrowingriceonsmall

piecesofland.

SokPuthyvuthisthepresidentofCambodiaRiceFederation."Weneedbetterseeds,we

needabettercollectionprocess,weneedbetterstorage,weneedbetterlogistics（物流），andalso

ourexportneedstobrandCambodianricetobeoneofthetopbrandsintheworld."KeatChhon

isCambodia'sformerdeputyprimeminister.Hesaysincreasingriceexportwillimprovethelives

ofmanyofthecountry'sfarmers.Hesaysthepurposeofthericepolicyistoreducepovertyand

helppeopleinruralareasearnmore.Thisishighlybeneficialtomakingthedevelopmentgap

betweenruralandurbanareasinCambodiasmaller.

ButexporterDavidVansaysthecountry'sriceindustrycontinuestosufferfromthesame

problemsithashadformanyyears.Hesaystheseincludethehighcostofelectricityandalackof

goodseeds.Andhesaysthecountry'sriceindustryneedstochangethewayitmarketsits

producttoshowitisdifferentfromwhatothercountriesoffer,"Youneedtodifferentiateyour

productfromthatofyourcompetitornextdoor.Otherwise,yourproductwillcontinuebeing

comparedautomaticallytowhatthenext-doorcompetitorisoffering."Cambodiafacesother

problemsaswell.CountrieslikeMyanmaralsowanttoincreasetheirriceexport.And,Thailand

hasextrarice,whichisforcingdownprices.

-又rV早大思

Paragraph1：柬嗾的大米被投选为世界上最好的大米,这有助于它提高其大米产量在世界大米产量中所占

的比例。

Paragraph2：柬埔寨的大米产业规模小，不系统。但是大米对柬埔寨的经济很重要，因为许多柬埔寨人在某

种程度上靠种大米为生。

Paragraph3：为了解决大米产业面临的问题、提高柬埔寨大多数农民的生活，柬埔寨需

要更好的种子、收割工序、储藏方法、物流和提高大米出口量及竞争力。

Paragraph4：柬埔寨的大米产业还遭受着一些问题，如电力成本高、缺少良种，它也应

该改变大米的营销方式，以使其"鹤立鸡群"。

【范文】

Cambodianricewasvotedtheworld'sbest.（要点1）RiceisveryimportanttoCambodia's

economybecausemanyCambodianslivepartlybygrowingrice,butitsriceindustryisn'twell

developed.（要点2）SoCambodianeedsimprovementinmanyaspects,suchasseedsandthe

collectionprocess,andshouldincreaseitsriceexporttobenefititsfarmers.（要点3）Considering

theproblemsitsriceindustryfaces,italsoshouldchangethewayofadvertisingandpresenting

itsricetoshowitisunique.（要，点4）

I

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Haveyoueverreallythoughtabouttheeffectstelevisionhasonyourchildren?98%of

familiesintheUShaveatleastoneTV,accordingtoTV-FreeAmerica,andtheTVisonanaverage

ofsevenhoursand12minutesaday.Onaverage,achildaged2-11watchesTVfor1,197minutes

aweek!Itisprettysurprisingtoseethatthesameagegroupofchildrenonlyspend38.5minutes

aweekonameaningfulconversationwiththeirparents.

AschildrenstartwatchingTVatayoungerage,theirbehaviorandrelationshipswiththeir

familycanbeaffectedmoredrastically.Whenagroupof4-to6-year-oldswereaskedtochoose

betweenwatchingtelevisionandspendingtimewiththeirfathers,54%preferredTV.Butwhatif

youdon'tletyoursmallchildrenwatchTV?Youmaynot.Butifyourtoddler（学步的小孩）goes

todaycare,youmaynotknow,70%ofdaycarecentersusetheTVduringatypicalday.Shouldn't

theybeplayingwitheachotherandlearning,notdoingsomethingtheycandoathome?

Parentsdonothavetofeelcompletelyhelpless.Asof2000,allTVsnowhaveachipthat

helpsmonitorandevenblockcertainshows,withaparentalcontrol.AllTVshavechipssoifyou

feelTVisnotaswonderfulasitseemedbefore,justthinkyouhaveatleastalittlepowerover

whatyourkidswatch.

Butwhatisevenmoreshockingishowmuchviolenceisshownontelevision.Somekidsdo

enjoythatbutmostdon't.Thepercentageofchildrensurveyedwhosaidtheyfelt"upset"byor

"scared"ofviolenceonTVis91%!Ithinkthatshowscontainingviolenceorscaryscenesshould

bebroadcastatalatertime,sosmallerchildrenwillnotbeexposedtothem.

文章大意

Paragraph1：据TV-FreeAmenca所说，98%的美国家庭中都有电视，目电视平均每期7个多小时。2至

11岁的孩子每周花费到电视上的时间要比与父母聊天抑寸间多得多。

Paragraph2：孩子们从很小的时候就开始看电视,不管是在家中还是在日耽儿所，这对他们的行为和与家

人的关系的影响也更大。

Paragraph3：电视中监管芯片的弓I人使家长能更容易控制孩子们所看的电视内容。

Paragraph4：因为许多孩子都不喜戏电视节目中的暴力因素，所以，电视台应往后调整那些含有暴力或者恐

怖场景的电视节目的播出时间，从而使小孩子能避开逡些内容。

【范文】

TVaffectschildrenmuchand2-to11-year-oldsspendmuchmoretimeonTVseveryweek

thancommunicatingwiththeirparents.（要点1）ManychildrenwatchTVbothathomeandin

daycarecenters,negativelyinfluencingthewaytheybehaveandtheparent-childrelationship.

（要点2）TheintroductionofmonitorchipstoTVmakesiteasierforparentstocontrolwhatkids

watch,relievingtheirconcerns.（要,点3）Programswithviolenceareadvisedtobeairedlaterto

keepyoungchildrenawayfromthem.（要点4）

5

Someexpertsarguethefactthatalmostoneinfourteensisconstantlyonlineisadangerous

thing,yetIbelievethatit'sanopportunity.Technologybringsusclosertogetherandcanhelpus

ineverydayliferatherthanreplacingfriendswithscreens.

First,Ibelievethattechnologytakestheembarrassmentoutofface-to-facecontact,as

talkingtosomeonemaymakeyouuncomfortable.Youcouldnotsaywhatisonyourmind.A

muchsimplerwayofcommunicatingisthroughtexts.Bytextingaperson,thereisno

resistanee什氐抗）towhatyouaretryingtosay.Youareabletoreviseyourwordsbeforeyousend

them,hopefullynotsayingsomethingyouwilllaterregretorthatcouldhurtsomeone'sfeelings.

Apartfrommakingfriendsface-to-face,thereareotherwaysofinteractionusingtechnology.

Technologycanhelpbondpeopletogetherbyshowingsimilarinterests.

Second,technologycanhelpfriendsandfamilykeep