词性转换专训课件++冲刺 高考英语复习　

冲刺高考词性转换考点一

名词与其他词类的词性转换(一)形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词­ageshort→shortage

不足；短缺­cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密­domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧­encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默­nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗­thstrong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情true→truth真实wide→width宽度­y­ty­ity

difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任(二)动词变名词的后缀后缀例词­alapprove→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议；建议­anceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目­enceexist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅­ionattract→attraction吸引construct→construction建设educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业­ationexpect→expectation期待；期望explain→explanation解释consider→consideration考虑imagine→imagination想象力starve→starvation挨饿invite→invitation邀请；请柬

­(s)siondiscuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学

­inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始­mentachieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment设备­ure­turepress→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发­yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他grow→growth成长；发展choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势(三)表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词­erclean→cleaner清洁工report→reporter记者strange→stranger陌生人­orinvent→inventor发明者visit→visitor游客direct→director导演­arlie→liar说谎者beg→beggar乞讨者，乞丐­eeemploy→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者；学员­esshost→hostess女主人act→actress女演员­ianmusic→musician音乐家politics→politician政治家history→historian历史学家­istart→artist艺术家science→scientist科学家piano→pianist钢琴家­antserve→servant仆人participate→participant参加者assist→assistant助手；图书管理员◎题组微练(单句语法填空)1．Onthisday，thousandsofpeopleallaroundtheworldreachedouttomakeanewpositive________(connect)withothers.

答案与解析：connection考查名词。根据空前的“makeanewpositive”和空后的“withothers”可知，此处填名词connection“联系”作make的宾语。2．Individualswhothrowawaytheirgarbagewithoutsortingitcanbefinedupto200yuan，whilecompaniesand________(organize)canfacefinesupto5,000yuan.答案与解析：organizations考查词性转换。空处与名词companies并列，表示不止一个组织，故此处用名词复数。3．Thetacticsrepresentthe________(wise)ofChinesepeople.Theyarenotonlyusefulonthebattlefieldbutalsousefulforbusinessandpersonallife.答案与解析：wisdom考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。4．Apaintingwitha____________(long)of1014.37metershasreceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordtitleforthelongestdrawingbyanindividualartist.答案与解析：length考查词性转换。此处表示一幅长达1014.37米的画作，根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应用名词，alengthof...“长达……”，所以填length。5．Youngkidswanttoimprove________(fit)andlearnChineseculture，adultstakeclassestorelievestressbroughtbywork，andretiredpeoplepracticeittopreventhealthproblems.答案与解析：fitness考查名词。本空作动词improve的宾语，故填名词形式。fitness“健康”。6．Filledwith________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

答案与解析：curiosity考查词性转换。介词with后应使用名词。考点二

形容词、副词的前后缀(一)形容词变副词的后缀规则示例一般情况加­lyslow→slowly缓慢地common→commonly普通地immediate→immediately立刻地以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加­lyhappy→happily高兴地steady→steadily稳定地busy→busily繁忙地noisy→noisily吵闹地heavy→heavily沉重地healthy→healthily健康地以­le结尾，去掉e加­ysimple→simply简单地gentle→gently温柔地terrible→terribly可怕地possible→possibly可能地probable→probably可能地comfortable→comfortably舒服地以­ic结尾，加­allyeconomic→economically经济地scientific→scientifically科学地常考且易拼错的副词rudely,truly,politely,widely,nicely,closely,fortunately,surprisingly,increasingly,hurriedly,shyly(二)动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的­al

music→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全国的­fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful细心的use→useful有用的success→successful成功的help→helpful有帮助的­ed

scare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried担心的bore→bored感到厌倦的excite→excited激动的；兴奋的underline→underlined加下划线的­ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的worry→worrying令人担心的bore→boring令人厌烦的­ibleaccess→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的­iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意义的expense→expensive昂贵的­ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的­sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的­ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的rain→rainy有雨的snow→snowy有雪的sun→sunny阳光明媚的wind→windy有风的cloud→cloudy阴天的­erneast→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向西的­ish

child→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的­ic

science→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的­aryimagine→imaginary

想象中的单句语法填空1．DavidKatzwasupsetbyalltheplasticgoingintotheocean.Tohelpsolvetheproblem，hehada________(create)idea—totreatplasticlikemoney.答案与解析：creative考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。2．TheContemporaryMuseumofCalligraphy(书法)containsmanyartpiecesincludingArabic，Chinese,________(Europe)，Indian，JapaneseandSlaviccalligraphicworks.答案与解析：European考查词性转换。and前后为并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的名词短语calligraphicworks，所以填European。3．Smellsfromcookiesbakinginthekitchenorthesmellofahomemadedishcanbringback________(amaze)memoriesofgrowingup.答案与解析：amazing考查词性转换。此处表示“令人惊讶的记忆”，应用形容词修饰名词memories；amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，修饰物；amazed意为“大为惊奇的”，修饰人。故填amazing。4．Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend，andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand_________(meaning)collegeexperience.答案与解析：meaningful考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。用形容词修饰名词collegeexperience。5．Asthesmallboatmoved________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.答案与解析：gently考查词性转换。修饰动词moved应使用副词。6．Whatisdrivingthis________(grow)inveganism?Itisbecausepeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment.答案与解析：growth考查名词。句意：为何纯素食主义如此受欢迎？空格前有this修饰，与this一起做drive的宾语，要用grow的名词形式growth。考点三

变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀en­able→enable使能够large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实；使丰富danger→endanger危及courage→encourage鼓励后缀­enbroad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬­ifyclass→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化­izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现◎题组微练(单句语法填空)1．Besides，whatyoutoldmeaboutyourcountry________(broad)myhorizonsandarousedmyinterestinforeignculture.2．ThepurposeoftheHUNCHprogramsto________(sharp)students'communicationskills.broadenedsharpen考点四

转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。转化规则例词注意名词→动词face(n.脸→v.面对)shoulder(n.肩→v.肩负)water(n.水→v.浇水)back(n.背→v.支持)name(n.名字→v.命名)high，deep，wide用作副词时表示具体，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。动词→名词look(v./n.)看

try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想

chat(v./n.)聊天形容词→动词empty(adj.空的→v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的→v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的→v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的→v.使变暖)形容词→副词hard(adj.难的→adv.努力)high(adj.高的→adv.高)deep(adj.深的→adv.深)wide(adj.宽的→adv.宽)◎题组微练(单句改错)1．NomatterhowhardlyItried,Icouldn'tunderstandclearlywhatmyEnglishteachersornativespeakerssaid.________________2．IhighrecommendyouvisittheMeiLanfangGrandTheatertoseeaPekingOperashow.________________hardly→hardhigh→highly技法1语法填空解题技法【典例感悟】1．Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspiredinme,I'vecarvedouta________(success)professionasajournalist.答案与解析：successful考查词性转换。profession为名词，

意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。2．Inthe18thand19thcenturies,________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.答案与解析：wealthy考查词性转换。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。3．Theyalsosharedwithusmany________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.答案与解析：traditional考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。hugely考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。behugelypopularwith非常受……欢迎。4．Thereisalsono________(evident)thatproteinfromapowderorbarcanimproveathleticperformanceanymorethanproteinfromfood.答案与解析：evidence句意：也没有证据表明粉末或棒状物中的蛋白质比食物中的蛋白质更能提高运动成绩。固定句型：Thereisnoevidencethat...“没有证据”。该句中no后面用名词，名词后面是that引导的同位语从句。5．IfeelproudthatourChinesecultureattractsmanypeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theperformancewasvery________(impress)．答案与解析：impressive考查形容词。根据语境可知，表演非常令人难忘。根据句意可知该处用形容词作表语。6．NowheandhisChinesefriendsareusingdrones(无人机)________(film)theGreatWall,whichprovidesa________(complete)newandfascinatingperspective.答案与解析：tofilm考查非谓语动词。usesth.todosth.“用……做……”是固定用法，此处不定式作目的状语，所以填tofilm。completely考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词new，所以填completely。语法填空解题“2策略”1．利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；如果作状语，要想到用副词。2．根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。技法2短文改错解题技法【典例感悟】1．I'msurelyyou'llhaveagoodtime.________________2．Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.________________3．First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.________________4．“Imakepeoplehappilywithmyletters，andyoudotoo，”Lucywrote.________________surely→sureinteresting→interestedcoolly→coolhappily→happy5．Yetmyneighbourwashavingsomuchfunnywithvolunteering.Hetoldmethatitfeltextremelywell.________________6．OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.________________7．ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.________________8．Attimesitcanbequitestressful,whichinturnmakesmefeelveryworry.________________funny→fun或well→goodamazing→amazedsuddenly→suddenworry→worried短文改错解题“2视角”1．看被修饰词或平行成分(1)如果修饰名词，要用形容词；(2)如果修饰动词、形容词、副词和分词应用副词；(3)修饰人，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，用­ed形容词；修饰物或事，表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，用­ing形容词；(4)注意其平行成分的词性。2．看句子成分(1)作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到应用形容词；(2)作状语要想到应用副词。Ⅰ.语法填空Experiencesareacquiredthroughourjourneyinlife;wechooseandcreateourbeliefs,fearsandopinions1.________(base)onallourexperiencesinlife.Eventhoughthingsandlifearethewaytheyare,weallhavedifferentopinionsabouteverythingandeverybody.Otherpeoplehaveopinionsaboutustoo.答案与解析：based考查形容词或非谓语动词。“bebasedon”是固定用法，意为“以……为依据”，故此处可为形容词短语作后置定语；另外，“basesth.onsth.”也为固定用法，意为“以……为依据”，此处“ourbeliefs,fearsandopinions”与base为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式based。But2.________reallymattersistheopinionwehaveabout3.________(we).Youeitherchoosetoacceptandfollowwhatotherpeoplebelieve4.________decidetobeyourselfandliveaccordingtotherealityoflife.2．答案与解析：what考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。注意：that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分。3．答案与解析：ourselves考查代词。此处表示“我们对自己的看法”，故填反身代词ourselves。4．答案与解析：or考查固定搭配。“either...or...”是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，符合语境。5．________livinglifeasitisandbeingyourself,youcreateanimageaboutyourself.Itisextremelyimportant6.________(understand)howthisimage,createdbyyourbeliefsandimagination,directsandinfluencesyour7.________(grow).5．答案与解析：By考查介词。此处表示通过过真实的生活，做你自己，

你创造了一个关于你自己的形象。故用介词by,意为“通过”。6．答案与解析：tounderstand考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语的用法，故填tounderstand。7．答案与解析：growth考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空前的形容词性物主代词your的后面应跟名词，故填growth。Thisimagethatyoucreateaboutyourself8.________(determine)whoyouareandhowyoufeel；itdetermineshowsuccessfulyoubecomeinlife.Everythingstartsinthemind.Ifyoureallywanttoaccomplishyourdreams,pictureyourselfhavingandlivingthelifeyouwant.答案与解析：determines考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应与上下文用的一般现在时保持一致，且句子的主语是第三人称单数，故填determines。Believeinyourselfandbe9.________(confidence)!Itdoesn'tmatterhowbadordifficultthe10.________(circumstance)maylooklike.Inshort,youareashappyorsadasyouseeyourself.9．答案与解析：confident考查形容词。