河北省衡水中学2022届高三上学期第二次调研考试英语试题含解析

河北省衡水中学2022届上学期高三年级二调考试英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatisthemainreasonforthemantocuthishair?A．Toimpressthewoman.B．Tobemorecomfortable.C．Tolookmoreprofessional.2．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．Whentheyshouldbringthingsontheplane.B．Whatisnotallowedincheckedbags.C．WhynewregulationsaremadeinCanada.3．Whoisthewomanprobablyspeakingto?A．Herneighbor.B．Herrepairman.C．Herhusband.4．WhenwillBenstarttohelphisaunt?A．At4:00.B．At4:30.C．At5:00.5．Whatwillthewomandothisweekend?A．Organizetheinformation.B．Dosomesurveys.C．Planouthersubject.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdidthemanhavetroubledoing?A．Reading.B．Seeingtheroadsigns.C．Seeingthetelevisionscreen.7．Howdoesthemangethiseyeproblemaccordingtothewoman?A．Ithappenedovertime.B．Itrunsinthefamily.C．Heinjuredhiseyes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．WhatisonTVnow?A．Asportgame.B．Thenews.C．Amovie.9．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inahotel.B．Atasteakhouse.C．Atafriend'shouse.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inastore.B．Inarestaurant.C．Athome.11．Whatdidthemanputonthesandwich?A．Potato.B．Lemonjuice.C．Mustard.12．Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A．Throwoutthesandwich．B．Smellthesandwich.C．Makesomenewsandwiches.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Whopaintedthepicturesonthewall?A．Thegreatpainters.B．Thecollegeprofessor.C．Theman.14．HowlonghasJackbeenpainting?A．Aroundtenyears.B．Aroundtwoyears.C．Aroundoneyear.15．Whatdoesthewomanlike?A．Drawingpictures.B．Writingbooks.C．Takingphotos.16．Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?A．Designsomething.B．Takeacollegeclass.C．Sharetheworks.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatisthepurposeoftheannouncement?A．Toconductcustomerinterviews.B．Tocomparefilmchoicesonairplanes.C．Toinformtheimprovementsoftheairlineservices.18．HowmanyflightswilltherebebetweenLosAngelesandSeattleperday?A．Oneflightineachdirection.B．Twoflightsineachdirection.C．Fourflightsineachdirection.19．Whatcoloristhecompany'snewuniform?A．Deepgreenandblack.B．Lightgreenandbrown.C．Deepblueandblack.20．Whatkindofmoviesdopassengerswantthemost?A．Hitsfromthe1980's.B．Canadiancomedies.C．Filmsforkids.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALonelyPlanetTripsHerearesometraveldestinationsbyLonelyPlanet.Readingthem,you’llbeinaflash.BhutanTheKingdomofBhutan,locatedontheSilkRoadinSouthAsia,claimedtheNo.1spotpartlyforitsmajesticbeautyandbecauseithadbecomethefirstfullyorganicnationby2020.Thekingdomhaslushsubtropicalplainsinthesouthandsub-alpineHimalayanmountainsinthenorth,whichincludeGangkharPuensum,Bhutan’shighestpeakandisbelievedtobethehighestunclimbedmountainintheworld.NorthMacedoniaIfyouwantanalternativetoEurope'smorepopulartravelspots,NorthMacedoniacouldbeforyou.Itsmountainsandtheirtrailsare“blissfullyquiet”andthelocalsare“unfailinglyhelpful”accordingtoLonelyPlanet.AmongitsdestinationsisOhrid,acharming,oldtowndottedwithmedievalruinsandchurches,linedwithcobblestonestreets,andoverlookingLakeOhrid.EswatiniThekingdomoffersmultitudinousclimateandtopographydifferences,andisknownforitswidevarietiesofwildanimals,whichincludemorethan500birdspeciesand107mammalspecies.Thenationhassevennaturereserves,fourfrontierconservationareasandthreewildlifereserves.CostaRicaCostaRicaisbelovedformanyreasons,fromitscoffeetoitsepicsurfing.It’salsonotableforitsrelianceongreenenergysources.Infact,90%ofitsenergyiscreatedbyregenerativesourcessuchaswindandhydro.Itisalsooneoftheworld’smostbiodiversecountries—hometohalfamillionspecies.Ofcourse,notriptoCostaRicaiscompletewithoutavisittotheSlothSanctuary.1.WhatcantouristsappreciateinbothBhutanandNorthMacedonia?A.Organicproducts. B.Subtropicaljungles.C.Medievalarchitecture. D.Mountainscenery.2.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesEswatini?A.Pleasantquietness. B.Topographyvarieties.C.Abundantwildlife. D.Cobblestonestreets.3.WhatisCostaRicadistinguishedfor?A.Renewableresources. B.Biodiverseplants.C.Frontierpreserves. D.TheSilkRoad.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了《孤独星球》推荐的四个旅行圣地——不丹、北马其顿、伊斯瓦蒂尼和哥斯达黎加。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Bhutan部分中的“Thekingdomhaslushsubtropicalplainsinthesouthandsub-alpineHimalayanmountainsinthenorth,whichincludeGangkharPuensum,Bhutan’shighestpeakandisbelievedtobethehighestunclimbedmountainintheworld.(不丹南部有郁郁葱葱的亚热带平原，北部有亚高山喜马拉雅山脉，其中包括不丹的最高峰甘卡普森山，它被认为是世界上最高的未被攀登的山峰)”及NorthMacedonia部分中的“Itsmountainsandtheirtrailsare“blissfullyquiet”andthelocalsare“unfailinglyhelpful”accordingtoLonelyPlanet.(《孤独星球》称，这里的山脉和小径“宁静得令人幸福”，当地人“永远乐于助人”)”可知，不丹和北马其顿能让游客欣赏到山景。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Eswatini部分中的“Thekingdomoffersmultitudinousclimateandtopographydifferences,andisknownforitswidevarietiesofwildanimals,whichincludemorethan500birdspeciesand107mammalspecies.Thenationhassevennaturereserves,fourfrontierconservationareasandthreewildlifereserves.(这个王国拥有众多不同的气候和地形，并以其丰富多样的野生动物而闻名，其中包括500多种鸟类和107种哺乳动物。国家有七个自然保护区，四个边境保护区和三个野生动物保护区)”可知，伊斯瓦蒂尼以其丰富多样的野生动物而闻名。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据CostaRica部分中的“It’salsonotableforitsrelianceongreenenergysources.Infact,90%ofitsenergyiscreatedbyregenerativesourcessuchaswindandhydro.(它对绿色能源的依赖也值得注意。事实上，它90%的能源是由风能和水能等可再生能源产生的)”可知，哥斯达黎加以可再生资源著称。故选A项。【点睛】阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。BHeZehuiaChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists,includinghertwosisters.ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission（铀核裂变），whichdrewglobalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations,alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina'sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”・AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s,shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearemulsions（核乳胶）inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.HeandherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina'sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.ShewasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstandingachievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.Throughouthercareer,Heconqueredmanyobstacles,andwasalwaysonthefrontlinesofChina'sscience-relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.Theworld'stopphysicistsrecognizedHeasafamousscientist,“ChineseMadameCurie”.HepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97,nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.Shededicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;tobothsheisnowanicon.4.Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?A.Identitybackground. B.Characterpersonalities.C.Educationexperiences. D.Professioncompetence.5.WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?A.Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.B.HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.C.HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.D.HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.6.WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas"TheChineseMarieCurie”？A.Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.B.Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.C.Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.D.Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.7.HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?A.Ambitious,talented,conservativeanddetermined.B.Unselfish,patriotic,indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.C.Aggressive,imaginative,stronginmindandkindinheart.D.Knowledgeable,awesome,creativeandsociable.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering.(1936年，她毕业于清华大学物理系，随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里，她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强，成为班上的第一名。1940年，她获得了工程学博士学位。)”可知，本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.(随后进入柏林工业大学学习。在那里，她以优异的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强，成为班上的第一名。)”和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知，其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“HeZehui,aChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.(中国核物理学家何泽辉在物理学上做出了巨大成就，成为一名杰出的科学家。)”、第三段的最后一句“ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”.(许多西方媒体称这对夫妇的“中国居里夫人和皮埃尔·居里”。)”和第四段的第一句“AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.(作为我国核科学技术的开拓者之一，何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。)”可知，因何泽慧对中国的核物理作出了巨大贡献，西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.(她发表了几十篇论文，但并不看重个人名声。)”和最后一段“Shededicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;(她献身于科学，过着简朴的生活，总是培养年轻的研究人员，保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她的国家和科学;)”可知，何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人，献身于中国的科学事业，有极高的科研素养，对中国的核物理的研究和发展作出了极大的贡献，是值得我们学习、顶礼膜拜的杰出的核物理学家。故选B。CWhilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudidn’tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescriptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A.Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.B.Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C.Ithasn’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D.Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice9.Whatismostleadingexperts’attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A.Cautious. B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A.Predictable. B.Practicable.C.Approaching. D.Impossible.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B.AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C.AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?D.AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。DHumansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanewfungus(真菌)thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils(卷须)withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger”willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgolddeposits(沉淀物)andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Thegold-lovingfunguswasdiscoveredaccidentallybyateamofresearchersledbyDr.TsingBohu,ascientistatAustralianationalscienceagency,CSIRO,whentheywereexaminingthemicrobes(微生物)inthesoilatBoddington,atinytownhometoAustralia'slargestgoldmine.Acloseranalysissuggestedthatthefungususeschemicalinteractionswithundergroundmineralstoaccumulategoldfromitssurroundings.Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected.“Fungiarewell-knownforplayinganimportantroleintherecyclingoforganicmaterial,suchasleavesandbark,aswellasforthecyclingofothermetals,”Dr.Bohuexplained.“Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusualandsurprising.”Thefungiarenotwearingthegoldforbeauty.“Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.”Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon’tworkwithgold.”Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.Thescientistsalsobelievethefungicouldbeusedtodetectthepresenceofgoldinwasteproductsandman-madeelectronics.However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.Also,itsgoldcanonlybeseenunderamicroscope.12.Whataretheexpertsstarvedof?A.Investigatingthesites. B.Excavatingthegoldmines.C.Gettingfurtherinformed. D.Unearthinggolddeposits.13.WhatcouldbelearnedaccordingtoDr.Bohu?A.Fungi’sinteractionwithgoldisunexpectedbutbeneficial.B.Gold’sclassificationisbiologicallyidentifiedbyfungi.C.Fungi’sformationwithgoldisfairlynaturalandfrequent.D.Goldischemicallyaccumulatedbyfungi’sevolution.14.Howdoestheauthorfindthefinding?A.Itexcitesthegolddiggers’motivation.B.Ithasalongwaytogobeforeconfirmation.C.Itlaysthefoundationofgeologicalstudies.D.Itensuresthesearchofgoldsites.15.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A.Beauty-lovingFungiWrappedbyGoldB.Gold-lovingFungiDiscoveredinAustraliaC.Boddington,Austria’sLargestGoldMineD.NewDiscoveryofGoldwithFungi【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了“喜欢”金子的真菌。本文介绍了其发现经过、生物习性及相应的科学展望。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger”willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgolddeposits(沉淀物)andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.”可知，专家们迫切希望“淘金者”能提供金矿的位置信息，使寻找这种贵金属变得更容易，更环保。由此可知，专家们希望获得更多关于携带金子的真菌的信息。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected.”及Dr.Bohu说的话“Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusualandsurprising.”可知，虽然真菌经常与自然界中的其他事物相互作用，但与黄金的反应却是出乎意料的。黄金的化学反应并不活跃，两者间的相互作用既不寻常又令人惊讶。再根据第四段中的““Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.”Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon’tworkwithgold.””可知，“这种反应有生物学上的好处。”Dr.Bohu说，“与其他不能与黄金共生的真菌相比，喜欢黄金的真菌可以生长得更快、更大。”由此可知，Dr.Bohu认为真菌与黄金的相互作用出人意料，但却是有益的。故选A。14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.(研究人员仍然需要进行进一步的分析，以了解真菌和贵金属之间的关系。更重要的是，他们需要确定它的存在是否是地下存在大量金属矿床的确切迹象)”以及最后一段“However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.(然而，那些希望从真菌中获得免费黄金的人注定要失望了，因为这种脆弱的真菌很难看到)”可推断出，作者认为此发现尚需做深入的研究。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanewfungus(真菌)thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils(卷须)withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.”以及后文都是对该喜金真菌的描述，包括发现方式、发现分析及对其的科学展望等可知，标题核心词为gold-lovingfungi(喜金真菌)。A项中核心词为beauty-lovingfungi(爱美真菌)，错误；C选项中核心词为goldmine(金矿)，错误；D选项中核心词为goldwithfungi(含真菌的金子)，错误。故选B。【点睛】标题猜测题目的解题步骤。一、阅读题目要求，确定文章主题；二，通读短文，了解段落内容作简要概括，留意核心词（比如本文的核心词为gold-lovingfungi）；三、参看全文，对答案检验，是否存在段落与标题不符的情况。比如第4题选中B答案后，要将该标题带到每个分段落中，看是否存在不符。如果存在，就得重新考虑标题选择；不存在，即可确定答案。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewell-knownsaying,talkingtoyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness,___16___Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isavaluabletoolforthought.Farfrombeingmentallyill,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivities,regulateouremotionsandevencreateadescriptionofourexperience.___17___Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtoregulateouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.___18___Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthattheprivatespeechcanimproveourperformanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesintocategories.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesinthesecondperson,as“you”ratherthan“I”.___19___Ifyouwantproof,turnonthesportschannel.You’recertaintoseeanathleteortwocheeringthemselvesupwithabitterphraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.Conductadialoguewithourselves.___20___Theprivatespeechseemstobeaparticularlygoodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Theto-and-frobetweendifferentpointsofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupinexpectedplaces,justlikearegulardialoguecan,andmightturnouttobeoneofthekeystohumancreativity.A.Whatisprivatespeech?B.Butthereisnoneedforembarrassment.C.Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeech.D.Askquestionsoftheselfandprovideanswers.E.Wedoalotofprivatespeechwhenweareyoung.F.Aswegrowolder,wemaketheprivatespeechbecomethewayofblinking,G.Althoughtheprivatespeechiseffective,weneverentirelyputawaytheout-loudspeech.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.G20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。自言自语似乎显得有点丢人。自言自语非但不代表精神失常，而且恰恰相反，它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。【16题详解】根据上文“用人们熟知的话来说，自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。”以及空格后“自言自语——无论是大声说出还是在心中默念——都很有价值，是思考的一种工具。”得知空格处表示转折，尽管大家以为自言自语不好，但你不必感到尴尬。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。”得知空格处表示总结：心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。故选C。【18题详解】根据下文“心理学实验已经表明，这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的能力，比如从判断别人在想什么，到把图片分门别类。”得知空格处表示过渡：随着我们年龄的增长，我们并没有放弃这个体系——我们把它内化了。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文举例“打开体育频道，你一定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话，或是在没投中球后狠狠地责备自己。”得知空格处表示转折：我们内化了在孩童时期使用的私下话语，但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故选G。【20题详解】根据空上文“与自己进行对话。”得知空格处承接上文表示：自问自答似乎是一种很好的解决问题和理清想法的方式。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afewyearsago,myfatherarrangedtosendmeamail-orderfruitcakeatChristmastime.WhileIhadrecentlysettledinManhattanwithagoodjob,he___21___mycupboardsandrefrigeratormightbebare.Iwas44then,andhewas72.Hewantedmetohaveaparticularbrandoffruitcake.MadeinTexas,itwasfamousamongfruitcakelovers-or,___22___,amongpeoplewhogavefruitcakestothosewhowereassumedto___23___them."Itremindsmeofmymother's,"hesaid.Mygrandmother's___24___,Ilaterlearnt,wasacaketypicaloftheGreatDepressionDadgrewupin,madewithoutsugar,butteroreggs.___25___thefruitcakewashiswayoftryingtotakecareofmefromafar.Regardlessofmy___26___status,Iwasstillhisson.Afruitcake,inhismind,wasa___27___Christmasgift:Fruitcakecanfillyourbellyandhasalongshelflife.“ItshouldarrivethefirstweekofDecember,“hesaid."Letmeknowwhatyouthink___28___yougetit."Iwaslookingforwardto___29___theflavorsthattransportedhimtohischildhood.ThefirstweekofDecemberpassedwithnosignofhisfruitcake.____30____byholidaymail,Iassumed.Heremained____31____thefruitcakewouldcomebyNewYear'sEve.Yet,January,February,andMarchcameandwentwithnofruitcake.Thoughmyfather____32____toaskaboutit,Ineveronceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehad____33____arrivedandwasdelicious.InsteadIsaid,“Thatcakeisorbitingearth,andsoonerorlateritwill____34____.”EarlylastDecember,nearlyayearaftermyfatherdiedfromafailingheart,Igotacallsaying,“Youhaveapackage."Iwentdownstairstopickitup.ThebrownboxhadaFedExlabelwitha____35____addressinTexas.21.A.feared B.sensed C.complained D.prayed22.A.aboveall B.inturn C.atleast D.onthewhole23.A.take B.love C.need D.possess24.A.wish B.recipe C.version D.faith25.A.Making B.Sharing C.Delivering D.Ordering26.A.disadvantaged B.middle-aged C.emotional D.personal27.A.perfect B.cheap C.popular D.delicate28.A.unless B.before C.once D.though29.A.creating B.sampling C.exposing D.spreading30.A.Mixed B.Burdened C.Replaced D.Delayed31.A.skeptical B.concerned C.hopeful D.interested32.A.forgot B.continued C.managed D.hesitated33.A.finally B.gradually C.hardly D.annually34.A.rot B.explode C.melt D.land35.A.campus B.file C.destination D.return【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了圣诞节前72岁的老父亲给儿子邮购了一款水果糕点，这款糕点能让老父亲想起自己的童年和母亲。然而，直到一年后的圣诞节前作者才收到这包点心，此时老父亲已去世。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我已经在曼哈顿安顿好，工作也很好，但他唯恐我的橱柜和冰箱是空的。A.feared唯恐，担心；B.sensed意识到，感觉到；C.complained抱怨，牢骚；D.prayed祈祷。作者搬入新的城市，父亲在远方担心儿子吃不好，乃人之常情，所以给儿子邮购糕点。故选A项。【22题详解】考查介词短语词辨析。句意：产于德克萨斯的这款糕点在爱好者当中还是很出名的，至少是那些送给喜欢这款糕点的人。A.aboveall首先，最重要的是；B.inturn轮流，反过来；.atleast至少；D.onthewhole从总体来说。atleast意思是“至少，最低限度”。这款蛋糕至少是在某些人群中受欢迎的。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：产于德克萨斯的这款糕点在爱好者当中还是很出名的，至少是那些送给喜欢这款糕点的人。A.take拿走；B.love喜爱；C.need需要；D.possess拥有。上文“gavefruitcakestothose”送糕点给人，应该送认为对方会喜欢的东西。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我知道了，我祖母喜欢的这款是一种经济大萧条时期的典型的蛋糕，不含糖，不含奶油，不含鸡蛋。我父亲就是在这一时期长大的。A.wish愿望；B.recipe配方；C.version版本；D.faith信心。此处在介绍这种祖母喜欢的糕点是一款什么版本的。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：定制邮寄一包糕点，是他表达想要照顾我的一种方式。A.Making制作；B.Sharing分享；C.Delivering递送；D.Ordering订购。父亲和儿子不在一个城市，父亲为儿子订制蛋糕。故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我已人到中年，但在父亲眼里，我仍然是他的孩子。A.disadvantaged处于劣势的；B.middle-aged中年的；C.emotional情感的；D.personal个人的。上文提到“Iwas44then,andhewas72”。故选B项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他看来，一包果脯糕点就是最完美的圣诞礼物，既能填饱肚子，保质期又长。A.perfect完美的；B.cheap便宜的；C.popular流行的；D.delicate精致的。父亲担心儿子吃不饱，这款糕点能填饱肚子，还好存放，父亲觉得很好很合适儿子。故选A项。【28题详解】考查连词词意辨析。句意：一旦你收到包裹，就告诉我你觉得怎么样。A.unless除非；B.before在之前；C.once一旦……就；D.though虽然。父亲希望知道儿子是否喜欢这糕点，想让儿子收到时，及时反馈。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我期待着品尝到能把父亲带回童年的味道。A.creating创造；B.sampling品尝；C.exposing接触，使暴露；D.spreading传播。儿子没吃过父亲邮寄的这种糕点，希望收到后可以尝尝。sample名词“样品”，动词“当做样品，试验，试吃”。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：12月的第一周过去了，没有收到，我心想应该是节日的邮件多，我的包裹被耽误了。A.Mixed混合；B.Burdened被负载；C.Replaced被取代；D.Delayed被延误。圣诞节前后，邮寄包裹会很多，送货可能会慢一些。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他仍希望在圣诞节前夕蛋糕能够送达。A.skeptical怀疑态度的；B.concerned担心的；C.hopeful满怀希望的；D.interested感兴趣的。根据下文“Yet,January,February,andMarchcameandwentwithnofruitcake.（然而，三个月过去了，仍没收到）”yet转折可知，包裹没有如期到达，父亲仍满怀希望圣诞节前夕到达，但是几个月后仍没收到。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然父亲一直坚持问包裹的事情，但我从未想过撒谎骗他说终于收到了，很好吃。A.forgot忘记；B.continued继续，持续；C.managed经营，管理，设法；D.hesitated犹豫。我一直没收到包裹，也没撒谎骗父亲，可知父亲还是时常询问包裹。故选B项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然父亲一直坚持问包裹的事情，但我从未想过撒谎骗他说终于收到了，很好吃。A.finally终于，最后；B.gradually渐渐地，逐渐的；C.hardly几乎不，几乎没有；D.annually每年，一年一次。等待好久的包裹到来时应该表示“终于到了”。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个糕点包裹在绕地球运行，迟早会落地的。A.rot腐烂；B.explode爆炸；C.melt融化；D.land落地，着陆。由上文“Thatcakeisorbi