2024年广东省梅州市高二下学期期末英语试题及答案

梅州市高中期末考试试卷(2024.7)高二英语本试卷共6页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，答案不能答在试卷上。不按要求填涂的，答案无效。考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。2.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列三篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AOurschoolislookingforpaidmemberstositontheStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering.TheBoardplaysanimportantroleininfluencingthedevelopmentanddeliveryofthevolunteeringservice.Itsaimistofindvolunteeringopportunitiesforstudents,teachersatschool.Volunteering,whichhasthepotentialtocreatepositivesocialimpact,iskeytoschool.TheBoardwillensurethatstudents’needsareatthecoreoftheservicesothatallKing’sstudentscanmakeadifference.Thisyear,theStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering’stopicsinclude:●Volunteeringopportunitiesforthedisabled.ꢀ●PromotionoftheBoard’sservice.ꢀ●Howtorecognizeandrewardvolunteers.ꢀ●CommentontheBoard’swork.Thisisauniqueandexcitingopportunityopentoallstudyingatschool,nomatterhowmuchorhowlittleyouhavevolunteered.TheBoardwillberunbothonlineandin-person,andboardmemberswillbepaidtheLondonLivingWage(£11.95perhour)viaKing’sTalentBank.Theapplicationdeadlineis23:59onFriday,31stMarch2023.Applyviatheformbelow,usingyourschoolemailaddress.1.WhatdoestheBoardaimtodoforthoseatschool?A.Performvoluntarywork.B.Discovervolunteeringchances.D.Meettheiracademicneeds.C.Providelearningopportunities.第1页/共9页2.Whichofthefollowingisapossibletopicforthisyear’sarrangement?A.CommentontheBoard’sperformance.C.RunningtheBoardonline.B.Trainingvoluntaryworkers.D.Takingcareofpeoplewithdisabilities.3.WhocanapplytobeamemberoftheBoardatKing’s?A.Theteachers.B.Thestudents.C.Thegraduates.D.Theworkingstaff.BMyBiggestChallengeAsawriteronanadventuresportsmagazine,I’dalwaysfoughtshyofdoingtheadventurousstuffmyself,preferringinsteadtoobservetheexpertsfromasafedistanceandrelaytheirexperiencestoreadersintheformofwrittenlanguage.Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharity—andtowriteaboutitafterwards—Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.IwasluckyenoughtohaveabrilliantclimbingcoachcalledKeith,whoputmethroughmypacesaftermydailywork.Hegavemeknowledgeabouteverythingfromtheimportanceofbuildingmusclegroupstohowtoavoidtirednessthroughnutrition.ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.TherewastheequipmentandtechniquesI’dneverevenheardof,allofwhichwouldcomeinhandyonthesnow-cappedpeakI’dbeclimbing.Awareofthechallenge,KeithmadeadetailedactionplanandIforcedmyselftosticktoit,doingadailyworkoutatthegymandgoingonhikeswithaheavypack.Iperfectedmytechniqueontheclimbingwallandevenwenttoclimbthemountainstogetvitalexperience.Myself-beliefincreasedalongsidemymusclepowerandIbecameconfidentaboutfinishingtheclimb.AlltoosoonIwasonaplanetomydestination.Onthatday,whenIlookedupatthemountain,Ithoughtofabandoningit.ButthenIrememberedallthehardworkI’ddoneandhowdisappointedKeithwouldbeifIgaveupatthelastminute-nottomentionlettingdownthecharityandthesenseoffailureI’dexperiencemyself.WithadeepbreathIgatheredmyequipmentandheadedoutintothesunshinetomeettherestofthegroup.AndasIsitherenow,tappingawayonmylaptop,I’mamazedatthedetailsinwhichIcanrecalleverysecondoftheclimb:theburningmuscles,thetiredness,theminorproblemsalongtheway.CouldIhavebeenbetterprepared?Possibly.WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.4.Atthebeginningoftheactivitytheauthorrevealedhis______.A.disappointmentinthecomingadventure.第2页/共9页B.expectationofwritingabouthisexperience.C.lackofenthusiasmforthechallengehe’dbeenoffered.D.curiosityabouttakingpartinthemountainclimbforcharity.5.Whatdidtheauthorrealiseduringhisclimbtraining?A.Theknowledgeaboutclimbingwasreallyconfusing.B.Theequipmentwasthekeyfactortoreachthepeak.C.Climbingwasmuchmorecomplicatedthanexpected.D.Hardtrainingwasfarmoreimportantthanmakingplans.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhesucceededinclimbingthemountain?A.Hewasrelievedthathewouldn’thavetodoitagain.B.Hewaswellsatisfiedthathehaddonehisbestforit.C.Hewassurprisedthathehadmanagedtocompleteit.D.Hewasregretfulthatitwasn’tassmoothasimagined.CAccordingtonewstudies,manybirdsintheAmazonrainforesthavebecomesmallerastemperatureshaveincreased.Thedifferencehasn’tbeenobvious,butithasbeensignificantenoughthatsomescientistshavesuggestedit’sauniversalresponsetoclimatechange.Butnewresearchfindsthatthebodysizereductionsaren’thappeningacrosstheboardwithsomelarge-brainedbirdshavingmuchlesssignificantchanges.Forthestudy,researchersstudiedsomedataonabout70,000birdsthathaddiedwhentheycrashedintobuildingsinChicagofrom1978to2016.Theyaddeddataonbrainvolumeandlifespan(寿命)for49ofthe52speciesofmigratorybirds(候鸟)intheoriginalstudy.Theyfoundthatbirdswithverylargebrainshadreductionsinoverallbodysizethatwereaboutone-thirdofthereductionsnotedinbirdswithsmallerbrains.Theythoughtthatinbirds,thespecieswithbigbrainsaretheonesthatbuildtools,managetosurviveintoughenvironments,livelonger,investmoretimeandenergyintoraisingbabies,andendupsurvivingbetterinthewild.Researchersaren’tcertainexactlyhowwarmertemperaturesmightleadtodecreasingbodysizeinbirds,buttheyareconsideringtwopossibleexplanations,whichcouldevenbehappeningatthesametime.First,naturalselectionmightbefavoringbirdsthatcandissipateheatbetter.Thisisbecausesmallerbirdshavehigherratios(比例)ofsurfaceareatovolume,sobeingsmallcanhelpbirdsstaycool.Second,warmersummersmighthavelessfoodavailableforbirdsatthetimewhentheyarefeedingtheirbabies.Inthatcase,birdsmightbegettingsmaller第3页/共9页becauseofdecreasedfoodovertheyears.Thefindingsdon’tsuggestthatclimatechangeishavingzeroimpactonbigger-brainedbirds,butresearchersbelievethesefindingscaninformusofclimatechangeandhelpsetconservationpriorities.7.Howdoesclimatechangeaffectbirds?A.Theirbodysizeshrinks.B.Theirlifespanshortens.D.Theirbrainsizeexpands.C.Theirbodytemperaturerises.8.Howdidthescientistsdotheresearch?A.Byanalyzingthebirddata.B.Byobservingthebirdsdying.D.Byclarifyingthebirdspecies.C.Bystudyingthebirddeathrate.9.Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“dissipate”inparagraph5?A.useB.holdC.absorbD.lose10.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Birds’BodySizesVaryB.BrainSizeMattersforBirdsD.TemperatureRisesGloballyC.ClimatechangesSharply第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.____11____WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican’timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful._____12_____It’sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it’sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”____13____“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“They’relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.______14______”So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter._____15_____Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI’malive.”A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.第4页/共9页C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI’mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ifacheetah,awolfandawell-trainedhumanallenteredamarathon,whowouldwin?Thecheetahwoulddefinitelytakeanearly____16____.Thewolfwouldprobablypassthecheetahafterafewmiles.Butattheendofthe26miles,thehumanwouldbethefirsttocrossthe____17____line.Humanshaveonlytwolegsbuta(n)____18____capacityforrunning.Ourpowerfullungsgiveusthestaminaneededtorungreatdistances.Andbecausewecansweat,wecancontrolourbody____19____whilewerun.Whyarewesogoodatrunning?Runningwasnecessaryforearlyhuman____20____.Ofcourse,wedon’toftenneedtorunforsurvivalthesedays.Allthesame,running____21____toplayanimportantroleinhumanculturesallovertheworld.Marathonrunningisperhapsthebest-knownexampleofhumanrunning____22____.Thatisbecauseitisabigbusiness.Millionsofpeopleworldwidewatchontelevisionaseliterunners____23____formillionsofdollars.And,ofcourse,businesses____24____productssuchasathleticshoesduringthecompetition.Howdoessomeonebecomeanelitemarathoner?The_____25_____runnersofKenyaseemtohavefoundtheanswer.ItenisasmallfarmingtowninKenya’swesternhighlands.Itisalsohometosevenoftheworld’stoptenmarathonwinners.Mostofthemare_____26_____oftheKalenjintribe.Theytendtohave_____27_____bodiesforrunning.Theirslimbodies,longlegsandshortwaistsconcentrate_____28_____wherearunnerneedsitmost—thelegs.AndbecauseItenis8,000feetabovesealevel,theKalenjini_____29_____anenormouslungcapacity.Theyneedittogetoxygenoutofthethinair.ThisgivestheKalenjinianimportant_____30_____whentheycompeteinracesatloweraltitude.16.A.endB.leadC.startD.jump17.A.finish18.A.limited19.A.balanceB.parallelB.reducedB.performanceC.boundaryC.intelligentC.temperatureD.verticalD.incredibleD.guard第5页/共9页20.A.conflict21.A.failsB.spiritC.prosperityC.continuesC.speedD.survivalD.declinesD.cultureD.searchB.ceases22.A.innovation23.A.payB.historyB.accountB.purchaseB.stubbornB.membersB.fragileC.competeC.award24.A.promote25.A.backward26.A.guests27.A.idealD.restrictD.legendaryD.refereesD.flexibleD.oxygenD.deviseC.responsibleC.coachesC.rigid28.A.attention29.A.release30.A.edgeB.resilienceB.developB.inspirationC.powerC.calculateC.impressionD.obstacle第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theneedforspeedissodeeplyrootedinmodernsocietythatweoftenforgettopresspauseandthinkaboutthethingsthatget____31____(good)withtime:antiques,agedwine,long-termrelationshipsandexpertiseovertheyears.PekingOperaisaslowprocesstoo.Anoften-repeatedsayinggoesasfollows:Threeminutesonstage,10years____32____stage.It’smeantasanodtoitsdemandingnatureandareminderofitshighstandardsthatensurethatanyperformance____33____(do)thewaytheforefatherswantedit.PekingOperaisdemandingbecauseoftheextensivelistofskillsit____34____(require).Aperformerisanactor,singer,dancer,acrobat,mimeandmartialartistallrolledintoone.They’realsoexpected____35____(apply)delicatemake-up,putonheavycostumesand,____36____(depend)ontheircharacter,performonstagein15cmplatformshoes.Thereissomuchtotakein____37____disciples(学徒)usuallystarttheircareerasyoungchildren，spendingyearsconditioningtheirbodiesandmindsforthestage.Sowhatchancedoes____38____theatrebeginnerwithlittlepatienceandzeroflexibilitylikemestandagainstPekingOpera?DoIhavewhatittakestoputona____39____(success)show?There’sonlyonewaytofindout:I’mrollingupmysleevesandtrainingunderthe_____40_____(guide)ofseniorstagemastersinthefield.第四部分写作(共五节，满分70分)第一节词汇运用(共10小题;每题1分，满分10分)根据括号里所给的单词或中文提示，写出句子中所空缺的单词的正确形式。41.Whenyougetoffthebus,donotforgettotakeallyour______(belong).(所给词的适当形式填空)第6页/共9页42.Inthefaceofhisphysical______(disable),thelittleboydoesn’tloseheart.(所给词的适当形式填空)43.Thepoemisaboutthedreamofaworldfreeof______(race)prejudice.(所给词的适当形式填空)44.Whatdoyouusuallydotoget______(refresh)whenyouaretiredorstressedout?(所给词的适当形式填空)45.Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldowna______(dust)trackcoveredinweeds.(所给词的适当形式填空)46.Theyhavea______(坦率的)andfree-and-easyattitudetowardslife.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)47.Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsome______(自制力).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)48Theselandandsearoutesremainedactive______(航道)betweenotherculturesforcenturies.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)49.Governmentsneedtoconsidermaking______(政策)andtakingappropriateactionsandmeasures.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)50.The______(女售货员)wasrudetoher,sosherangtherobotandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)第二节完成句子(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据句意和中文提示，用所学短语的正确形式完成句子。51.生活由许多要素组成，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。Life______manyelements,suchasfamily,friends,study,work,entertainment,andsoon.52.人类应该学会与动物和谐相处。Humansshouldlearntolive______animals.53.昨天我从亲身经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。YesterdayI______frommyownexperiencethatwherethereisawillthereisaway.54.20分钟以后这艘船将起航前往海南。Theshipwill______andheadforHainanintwentyminutes55.过去在农村，寒冷的日子里，人们会生火取暖。Inthepastinthecountryside,peoplewould______tokeepwarmoncolddays.第三节课文默写(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据中文意思，把对应的课文英语句子默写出来。56.科学课是我最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生没有做实验的概念。(汉译英)_______________________________________________________________________________________57.对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。(汉译英)_______________________________________________________________________________________第7页/共9页58.托尼高大英俊，头发顺滑，嗓音低沉，不过他的面部表情始终不变。(汉译英)_______________________________________________________________________________________59.他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。(汉译英)_______________________________________________________________________________________60.我今年19岁，身体健康，精力充沛。(汉译英)_______________________________________________________________________________________第四节书面表达(共1小题;满分15分)61.假定你是李华。你校将举办主题为“困境与勇气”(AdversityandCourage)的英语演讲比赛。请给你校的交换生Larry写封邮件，邀请他参赛，内容包括：1.发出邀请；2.比赛信息；3.表达期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearLarry,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua第五节读后续写(满分25分)62.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenDylanwasjustsevenyearsoldhemovedtotheUnitedStateswithhismother,Khadine,andhistwinyoungerbrothers.Thefamilyhopedthattheirnewhomewouldallowthemtostartoverandfindsuccess.However,theirdreamdidn’tworkoutexactlyastheyimagineditwould.Lifeasasinglemothersupportingthreekidsisincrediblydifficult,butKhadinehadaparticularlydifficulttimeafterhertwinsonshadbeendiagnosedwithseriousheartconditions.Asaresult,theboyssufferedfromdangeroussymptomsandrequired24-hourcare.AsKhadinehadtoworkthreejobstosupportherfamilyfinancially,itbecameDylan’sresponsibilitytolookafterhisyoungbrothers.TorelieveMom’sstress,Dylanalsofoundapart-timejobatarecreationcenter.WhileDylanneverconsideredhisfamilytobeaburdentohim,seeinghismotherandbrothersbecome第8页/共9页vulnerable(脆弱的)madehimdeterminedtoplanhisfutureoutcorrectly.Hebelievededucationwastheonlywayoutoftheirstruggle,sohemadeapromisetohismotherthathewouldbethefirstoneinthefamilytogotocollege.Forthatpromise,Dylanmadeuseofeachandeveryminutetostudywhiletakingcareofhisbrothers.HesoonbecameanhonorstudentatHenryHighSchoolandtookseveraladvancedclassestokeephisgradesup.TheCollegeofNewJerseywashistopchoice.Hewasdeterminedtoputthatadmissionletterinhismother’shands.However,weeksbeforeDylan’scollegeentranceexam,bothhisfamilyandhisdeterminationweretestedagainwhenKhadinefellillandwasunabletoworkforawhile.Soon,thebillsbecameunmanageableandthelandlordevicted(驱逐)Dylan’sfamilyafterKhadinecouldn’tpaytherent.Thefamilyhadnochoicebuttoliveintheshelter.Theplacewasn’tanidealplacetostudy.Itwasoftennoisyandcrowded,andthelightswouldgooutatacertaintimeafter11p.m.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ButDylancontinuedtofollowhisdream._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Weeksafterhisapplication,anenvelopecarryinggoodnewsarrived._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第9页/共9页梅州市高中期末考试试卷(2024.7)高二英语本试卷共6页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，答案不能答在试卷上。不按要求填涂的，答案无效。考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。2.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列三篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AOurschoolislookingforpaidmemberstositontheStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering.TheBoardplaysanimportantroleininfluencingthedevelopmentanddeliveryofthevolunteeringservice.Itsaimistofindvolunteeringopportunitiesforstudents,teachersatschool.Volunteering,whichhasthepotentialtocreatepositivesocialimpact,iskeytoschool.TheBoardwillensurethatstudents’needsareatthecoreoftheservicesothatallKing’sstudentscanmakeadifference.Thisyear,theStudentAdvisoryBoardforVolunteering’stopicsinclude:●Volunteeringopportunitiesforthedisabled.ꢀ●PromotionoftheBoard’sservice.ꢀ●Howtorecognizeandrewardvolunteers.ꢀ●CommentontheBoard’swork.Thisisauniqueandexcitingopportunityopentoallstudyingatschool,nomatterhowmuchorhowlittleyouhavevolunteered.TheBoardwillberunbothonlineandin-person,andboardmemberswillbepaidtheLondonLivingWage(£11.95perhour)viaKing’sTalentBank.Theapplicationdeadlineis23:59onFriday,31stMarch2023.Applyviatheformbelow,usingyourschoolemailaddress.1.WhatdoestheBoardaimtodoforthoseatschool?A.Performvoluntarywork.B.Discovervolunteeringchances.D.Meettheiracademicneeds.C.Providelearningopportunities.第1页/共21页2.Whichofthefollowingisapossibletopicforthisyear’sarrangement?A.CommentontheBoard’sperformance.C.RunningtheBoardonline.B.Trainingvoluntaryworkers.D.Takingcareofpeoplewithdisabilities.3.WhocanapplytobeamemberoftheBoardatKing’s?A.Theteachers.B.Thestudents.C.Thegraduates.D.Theworkingstaff.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦国王学院志愿服务给学生，老师和其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Itsaimistofindvolunteeringopportunitiesforstudents,teachersatschool.(其目的是为学校的学生、教师寻找志愿服务机会)”可知，委员会的目标是给学生、老师提供做志愿者的机会。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四个黑点后面的内容“CommentontheBoard’swork.(对委员会工作的评价)”可知，“对委员会的工作进行评估”可能是今年议程的话题之一。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Thisisauniqueandexcitingopportunityopentoallstudyingatschool,nomatterhowmuchorhowlittleyouhavevolunteered.(这是一个独特而令人兴奋的机会，向所有在国王学院学习的人开放，不管你自愿参加的次数有多少)”可知，国王学院的学生们可以申请成为国王学院董事会成员。故选B。BMyBiggestChallengeAsawriteronanadventuresportsmagazine,I’dalwaysfoughtshyofdoingtheadventurousstuffmyself,preferringinsteadtoobservetheexpertsfromasafedistanceandrelaytheirexperiencestoreadersintheformofwrittenlanguage.Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharity—andtowriteaboutitafterwards—Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.IwasluckyenoughtohaveabrilliantclimbingcoachcalledKeith,whoputmethroughmypacesaftermydailywork.Hegavemeknowledgeabouteverythingfromtheimportanceofbuildingmusclegroupstohowtoavoidtirednessthroughnutrition.Itquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplex第2页/共21页thanIhadimagined.TherewastheequipmentandtechniquesI’dneverevenheardof,allofwhichwouldcomeinhandyonthesnow-cappedpeakI’dbeclimbing.Awareofthechallenge,KeithmadeadetailedactionplanandIforcedmyselftosticktoit,doingadailyworkoutatthegymandgoingonhikeswithaheavypack.Iperfectedmytechniqueontheclimbingwallandevenwenttoclimbthemountainstogetvitalexperience.Myself-beliefincreasedalongsidemymusclepowerandIbecameconfidentaboutfinishingtheclimb.AlltoosoonIwasonaplanetomydestination.Onthatday,whenIlookedupatthemountain,Ithoughtofabandoningit.ButthenIrememberedallthehardworkI’ddoneandhowdisappointedKeithwouldbeifIgaveupatthelastminute-nottomentionlettingdownthecharityandthesenseoffailureI’dexperiencemyself.WithadeepbreathIgatheredmyequipmentandheadedoutintothesunshinetomeettherestofthegroup.AndasIsitherenow,tappingawayonmylaptop,I’mamazedatthedetailsinwhichIcanrecalleverysecondoftheclimb:theburningmuscles,thetiredness,theminorproblemsalongtheway.CouldIhavebeenbetterprepared?Possibly.WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.4.Atthebeginningoftheactivity,theauthorrevealedhis______.A.disappointmentinthecomingadventure.B.expectationofwritingabouthisexperience.C.lackofenthusiasmforthechallengehe’dbeenoffered.D.curiosityabouttakingpartinthemountainclimbforcharity.5.Whatdidtheauthorrealiseduringhisclimbtraining?A.Theknowledgeaboutclimbingwasreallyconfusing.B.Theequipmentwasthekeyfactortoreachthepeak.C.Climbingwasmuchmorecomplicatedthanexpected.D.Hardtrainingwasfarmoreimportantthanmakingplans.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhesucceededinclimbingthemountain?A.Hewasrelievedthathewouldn’thavetodoitagain.B.Hewaswellsatisfiedthathehaddonehisbestforit.C.Hewassurprisedthathehadmanagedtocompleteit.D.Hewasregretfulthatitwasn’tassmoothasimagined.【答案】4.C5.C6.A【解析】第3页/共21页【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，内心很不情愿。在经过训练后，作者成功爬上了山顶，作者很兴奋，但依然庆幸自己以后再也不用爬山了。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thus,whenIwaschallengedtotakepartinamountainclimbinaidofraisingmoneyforcharity—andtowriteaboutitafterwards—Iwasunwilling,tosaytheleast.(因此，当我被要求参加一次为慈善筹款的爬山活动，并在活动结束后将其写下来时，至少可以说，我是不愿意的)”可知，在活动一开始，作者就表现出了对所接受的挑战缺乏热情。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“ItquicklybecameapparentthatthemechanicsofclimbingweremorecomplexthanIhadimagined.(很快我就发现攀岩的技巧比我想象的要复杂得多)”可知，在他的攀岩训练中，作者意识到攀岩比预想的要复杂得多。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“WouldIbebackforanothergo?Thankfullynot.ThefeelingofbeingexcitedwhenIstoodontopoftheworldisanever-to-be-repeatedexperiencebutoneIwillenjoyforevernevertheless.(我会再来一次吗？值得庆幸的是没有。当我站在世界之巅时那种兴奋的感觉是一种永远不会重复的经历，但我将永远享受这种感觉)”可知，成功地爬上了那座山后，作者很欣慰他不用再这样做了。故选A。CAccordingtonewstudies,manybirdsintheAmazonrainforesthavebecomesmallerastemperatureshaveincreased.Thedifferencehasn’tbeenobvious,butithasbeensignificantenoughthatsomescientistshavesuggestedit’sauniversalresponsetoclimatechange.Butnewresearchfindsthatthebodysizereductionsaren’thappeningacrosstheboardwithsomelarge-brainedbirdshavingmuchlesssignificantchanges.Forthestudy,researchersstudiedsomedataonabout70,000birdsthathaddiedwhentheycrashedintobuildingsinChicagofrom1978to2016.Theyaddeddataonbrainvolumeandlifespan(寿命)for49ofthe52speciesofmigratorybirds(候鸟)intheoriginalstudy.Theyfoundthatbirdswithverylargebrainshadreductionsinoverallbodysizethatwereaboutone-thirdofthereductionsnotedinbirdswithsmallerbrains.Theythoughtthatinbirds,thespecieswithbigbrainsaretheonesthatbuildtools,managetosurviveintoughenvironments,livelonger,investmoretimeandenergyintoraisingbabies,andendupsurvivingbetterinthewild.Researchersaren’tcertainexactlyhowwarmertemperaturesmightleadtodecreasingbodysizeinbirds,but第4页/共21页theyareconsideringtwopossibleexplanations,whichcouldevenbehappeningatthesametime.First,naturalselectionmightbefavoringbirdsthatcandissipateheatbetter.Thisisbecausesmallerbirdshavehigherratios(比例)ofsurfaceareatovolume,sobeingsmallcanhelpbirdsstaycool.Second,warmersummersmighthavelessfoodavailableforbirdsatthetimewhentheyarefeedingtheirbabies.Inthatcase,birdsmightbegettingsmallerbecauseofdecreasedfoodovertheyears.Thefindingsdon’tsuggestthatclimatechangeishavingzeroimpactonbigger-brainedbirds,butresearchersbelievethesefindingscaninformusofclimatechangeandhelpsetconservationpriorities.7.Howdoesclimatechangeaffectbirds?A.Theirbodysizeshrinks.B.