2025版中考英语复习课件 专题9 构词法

试题精练考点精讲专题九构词法第2部分语法突破二、构词法考点精讲考点

合成法由两个或两个以上独立的单词结合在一起构成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成法。类别举例合成名词background(2015.22),basketball,classroom,laptop合成形容词good-looking,hard-working,warm-hearted英语中常见的构词法有：合成法、派生法和转化法。另外，缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。类别举例合成代词everything(2014.25),herself(2015.23),himself(2017.22),nobody,nothing(2019.38,2018.22,2016.23,2015.39),something(2016.23)合成动词download,underline,overcome合成副词anyway(2018.39),however,somewhere合成介词into(2022.60),without考点

派生法在一个单词的前面或后面加上一个词缀构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀(前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性)(1)表否定的前缀前缀意义举例un-，dis-，im-，in-表示“不；非”unfriendly,unpleasant,uncomfortable;dishonest,dislike,disagree；impolite;incorrect,indirectmis-表示“错的”misunderstand,mislead(2)表程度或大小的前缀前缀意义举例super-表示“超级”supercomputer,superhero,superstar,supermarketmini-表示“小”minibus,miniskirt(3)其他前缀前缀意义举例inter-表示“互相；

在……之间”interview,international,Internetre-表示“重复；重新”review,retell,rewrite,return,rebuildpre-表示“在……之前”preview,prepaybi-表示“二；

双”bicycle,bilingual(双语的)tele-表示“远的”television,telescope,telephone前缀意义举例kilo-表示“千”kilometer,kilogramen-表示“使……处于某种状态”encourage,enable,enrichsub-表示“在……之下；次；副”subway,subtitleanti-表示“反对；防止”antiwar,antifreeze(防冻剂)a-表示“处于……状态或过程”asleep,awakemid-表示“在中间”midnight,midday2.后缀(后缀多改变词性而不改变词义)(1)名词后缀后缀意义举例-or,-er表示“人；从事某种职业的人”actor,director;hater(2020.50),speeder(2019.36)-ist,-ian表示“……(专)家；从事……工作的人”artist,pianist;musician-ese表示“……国的；……国的语言(或人)”Chinese,Japanese后缀意义举例-tion,-sion表示“行为；状态”competition(2023.53),pronunciation(2021.46)，explanation(2017.40),conversation;discussion-eer表示“与……有关的人”engineer,volunteer,mountaineer-ess表示“女……；

雌……”hostess,waitress-ship表示“品质；

性质”friendship,relationship后缀意义举例-ment表示“……的行为(或结果)”movement,development,agreement-th构成抽象名词warmth,growth,wealth,death-ity,-typossibility;difficulty,beauty-nesskindness,coldness-ance,-ence表示“动作、性质或状态”appearance;preference,patience,influence后缀意义举例-hood表示“某种事物”childhood-ingbuilding,clothing,offering-age表示“行为或行为的结果、状态”marriage,courage,usage,package-dom表示“领域；状况”kingdom,wisdom,freedom(2)形容词后缀后缀意义举例-ful表示“有……性质的；

充满……的”helpful(2022.63),beautiful,skillful-y表示“有……特性的；充满……的”funny,salty-ing表示“使……的”，常修饰物amazing,exciting,boring后缀意义举例-ed表示“有……特征的；

以……为特征的”，常修饰人surprised(2023.55,2022.47,2020.49),interested(2018.72),worried(2022.47)，satisfied,talented-al表示“……的”traditional,personal,national-able,-ible表示“能够……的；可……的”comfortable,unforgettable,suitable;terrible后缀意义举例-less表示“没有；无”homeless,hopeless-ive,-ous,

-ish表示“……性质的；有……的；充满……的”creative,expensive;delicious,dangerous；foolish,childish-en表示“由……制成或构成的”wooden,golden-ern表示“……方向的”northern,southern,eastern,western(3)副词后缀后缀意义举例-ly表示“以……方式；至……程度”softly(2024.50),purposefully(2023.43),finally(2023.64),suddenly(2022.51),usually(2020.57),exactly(2019.29)-ward(s)表示“向……；朝……方向”forward(s),upward(s),backward(s)注意

friendly,lovely,lively,lonely这四个单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词。考点

转化法一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见转换方法举例名词转化为动词shown.展览；展示→showv.表演；展出handn.手→handv.交给colorn.颜色→colorv.给……着色watern.水→waterv.浇水常见转换方法举例形容词转化为动词emptyadj.空的→emptyv.使变空slowadj.慢的→slowv.放慢dryadj.干的→dryv.使……变干cleanadj.干净的→cleanv.打扫动词转化为名词walkv.散步→walkn.散步lookv.看→lookn.相貌常见转换方法举例形容词转化为名词backadj.后面的→backn.背部；后面lightadj.明亮的→lightn.灯形容词转化为副词longadj.长的→longadv.长期地highadj.高的→highadv.高地hardadj.艰难的；困难的→hardadv.努力地

试题精练一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。每空限填一词。1．Everysmallactof____________(kind)canmakeabigdifferencetotheworld.2．Theflowersinyourroomareshortof_________(water).Canyouspendsometime____________(water)themnow?kindness

water

watering

3．Myfather___________(usual)readsnewspapersinthemorning,becauseit’sagoodwaytoknowwhathappenedinourcity.4．(2024达州改编)Themore___________(care)youare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.5．Withthehelpoftheruralrevitalizationstrategy(乡村振兴战略),___________(farm)haveimprovedtheirlivingconditions.usually

careful

farmers

二、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

1．It’s____________totalktooloudlyinpublic,suchasonthesubway.2．Itriedtwo______________forthebookIwanted,butneitherofthemhadit.impolite

without

polite

discuss

bookstore

excitebookstores

3．Hearingthenews,hebecameso___________withhiseyesfilledwithtears.4．PleasebringSamtothewelcomeparty___________tellinghimsothathecanbesurprised.5．Afteralong_____________,thestudentscametoanagreementontheplacetohaveapicnic.excited

without

discussion

语篇填空(2024常州改编)阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

DearMillie，Lastweek,youaskedmewhatistheChinesedragon—theloong.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutit.luck

tradition

much

have

as

creative

wide

control

reason

theyChinaisknown1．______the

“homeoftheloong”.Theloongisconsideredtobe2．_________andwise.ItisabigpartofChina’shistoryandculture.In3．_______________Chineseculture,theloonghassuperpower.Ancientpeoplebelievedit4．______________theweather,especiallyrain.So,iftherewasadrought(干旱)oraflood,peoplewouldpraytotheloongto5．________betterweatherandliveapeacefullife.Forthis6．__________,therearelotsofactivitiesofprayingrelatedtol