高考英语易错题专练：阅读理解：词义猜测题（4大陷阱）含答案及解析

易错点16阅读理解词义猜测题

目录

01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）

02举一反三

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点

【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点

［易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点

03易错题通关

易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。

【分析】

这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必

不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜

测。

易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。

【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与

指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。

易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。

【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线

句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中

出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点

【例1］（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）

SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurate

Earthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockfor

whatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock^^inparagraph5mean?

A.Abasicpart.B.Adetailedmap.

C.Abuildingmaterial.D.Amajorobstacle.

【变式11（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot“hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfarther

fromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.Thafsbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakers

interacttocancelouteachother?ssound.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diminishes“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Becomeslower.B.Travelsfaster.

C.Getssweeter.D.Soundsnicer.

【变式2］（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）

Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillast

year."Iwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.I

wasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Safeandslow.B.Fastanddangerous.

C.Excitingandterrifying.D.Gentleandcomfortable.

【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoin

Illinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeen

productiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatinginto

successinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"hitarut“inparagraph1mean?

A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B.Hadveryslowreactions.

C.Acceptedhardwork'svalue.D.Overcameabigproblem.

【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点

【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）

Thecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingthe

Africancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsof

carbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekey

tosuccess.ctTheGreatGreenWall...isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopment

aidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnion

CommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative/'Butthistimetheyidentify.This

istheverythingofus!^

Whatdoes"us"underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A.AfricanUnions.B.Alladvocates.C.Landowners.D.AllAfricans.

【变式2］（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.For

instance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."'ComparedtoAmerica,Denmark

setsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,saidXeniaTrier,anexpertatthe

EuropeanEnvironmentAgency.4<Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefrom

thepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.In

general,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthe

samewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.9,TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmerican

mass-mediacompanies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinparagraph4?

A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.

【变式3］（2023年全国高三专项练习）

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.

Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemical

thatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssaw

picturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareas

becameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwith

friends.

Whatdoestheunderlined“it"inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.D.Ahamburger.

【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点

［例3］（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoylife.Mostpeopleare

alreadyswamped（淹没）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobiga

housewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat.

A.howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfied

B.howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor

C.thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelife

D,thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage

【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）

Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Alicia

wasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessed

mevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI'vegotmyselfnpartnerfor

life.

Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying'Tvegotmyselfapartnerforlifb."?

A.Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills.B.Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.

C.Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter.D.Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.

【变式2］（2022年全国高三专练）

Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptaking

Ofcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomethingneworto

workharder.t4Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（习,惯T生地）rightnow,butchancesarethatpeople

aboveyouarestressed,“SarahHathornsays."Takethingsoffyourboss'splateandlethimknow

whichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmoreabout.^^

Theunderlinedwords"takethingsoffyourboss'splate"mean.

A.drawyourboss'sattentionB.shareyourboss'sburdens

C.giveyourbossusefuladviceD.askyourbossforabetterposition

【变式3］（2022•湖北孝感高三模拟）

AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfellflatonmyface

andhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallitadayandtryagainthenext

morning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,andwasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.My

nosefeltbetter,soIwasn'tthatafraidoffallinganymore.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?

A.Rememberwhathappenedthisday.

B.Maketheauthorfeelhappy.

C.Stoppracticingbicycling.

D.Goontorideabike.

1.（2023年全国甲卷）

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputtingupshelves

andpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand“inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

2.（2023年全国乙卷）

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentally

ordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthe

losingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralian

Aboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeakto

usnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytold

throughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（联系）betweenliterateand

non-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfof

adialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconveosation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,but

theobjects.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

3.（2022年新高考I卷）

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,

said:"'Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelooking

forwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon^^meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate

4.（湖北省部分学校2023.2024学年高三起点试题）

Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,aUniversityof

MinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsintothepasttodiscoveraunique,

minusculegalaxycluster（星系团）thatgeneratednewstarsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.The

galaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscoveredatthisdistance-around500millionyearsaftertheBig

Bang-andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyafterthe

universecameintoexistence.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"minuscule“inparagraph1mean?

A.Extremelysmall.B.Remarkablydark.

C.Especiallyremote.D.Quitecomplicated.

5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）

ButOreosdon'tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.

WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinsideyourmouth.

Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity（鼻月空），wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors（感受器）and

enteryourbrain?sdecoding（解码）process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,says

CharlesSpence,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUK'sUniversityofOxford.Spence

sayschocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld'smostlikedsmells.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A.Chocolates.B.Chemicals.C.Cookies.D.Scents.

6.（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）

“Let'stakeabreak,“partwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying."Ineedmorecoffee.I

pickedupmyemptycup."Ido,too,^^Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthetable."Thanks,“Iadded,

lookingathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggeredforamoment,andthentookthecupfromme.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggered“meaninthesixthparagraph?

A.Amused.B.Shocked.

C.Depressed.D.Excited.

7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）

Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmost

closelylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershave

crankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedby

asetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteach

themhowtotakeastandardizedtest.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedouf,inparagraph4?

A.chargedB.canceledC.changedD.Produced

8.（福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho'dreceiveda

heartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownas

xenotransplantation（异种移植），couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,saving

thousandsofliveseachyear.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"run"inparagraph2referto?

A.Donatinghishearttoapatient.

B.Performingtheheartoperation.

C.Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.

D.Receivinganewheartfromapig.

9.（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）

Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedintheheatof

aconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedinthethreeminutesimmediately

followingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefightersreconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themore

distantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthat

relationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidly

islessnecessaryforthem.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reconciled“probablymeaninparagraph4?

A.Caughtup.B.Keptintouch.C.Madeup.D.Changedintune.

10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionaltohaveto

releaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself-eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingto

do.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhad

putsomuchtime,effortandenergyintoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmade

itallworthwhile.

Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“ffend“inthelastparagraph?

A.Look.B.Care.

C.Search.D.Hunt.

H.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）

Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationto

adjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsin

whichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproduced

threeprimaryfindings:Thebrain'sprimaryauditorycortex（听觉皮层）issensitivetohowambiguous

aspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound'sappearance.Thebrain“replays“previous

speechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestoftheword

unfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits"bestguess“ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabout

halfasecond.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Thepreviousspeechsound.B.Thesimilarlysoundingword.

C.Theunclearlysoundingword.D.Thefollowingspeechsound.

12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023・2024学年高三试题）

Ifyouareofthe“noregrets59schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregretisarecipefor

unhappiness.Butthatisn'tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.

Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.Toextinguishyourregretsdoesn'tfreeyoufrom

shameorsorrowbutcausesyoutomakethesamemistakesagainandagain.Totrulygetoverourguilt

requiresthatweputregretinitsproperplace.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extinguish“inparagraph2mean?

A.Admit.B.Destroy.C.Treasure.D.Encounter.

13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）

NickVerel,a53-year-oldkidneytransplant（肾脏移植）recipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennear

thetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine（疫苗）.Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn'thaving

anyluckschedulinganappointment.Nickwouldsitwithcomputersonhislaptryingforhourstobook

anappointmentondifferentsites,whichendedupinvainnomatterhowconcentratedhewas."Ifelt

hopeless,Nicksays.

ThenheheardaboutZwinggi,a40-year-oldmotherofthreewhowashelpingtosecure

appointmentsforvulnerableindividualslikeNick.SohemessagedZwinggionFacebook:Canyou

help?Thirty-fiveminuteslater,Zwinggireportedback~~Nicksuccessfullyhadanappointmenttoget

thevaccine.

4.Theunderlinedwords"'vulnerableindividuals^^inparagraph2refertothose.

A.whoaretoooldtobookanappointment.B.whoneedvaccinebadlywithseriousdisease.

C.whohavelittleexperiencewithcomputers.D.whohavelittlesparetimewithmanykids.

C.AGreatWaytoGettheVaccineD.TheVaccineChaos

14.（2023年高三全国专练）

Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalreadyreplacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,

whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyaddsasmallextrafeetoany

coffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.

Whatdoestheword“which“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Acollectionpoint.B.Adepositsystem.

C.Asmallextrafee.D.Anycoffeecup.

15.（2023年上海高三测试）

Londonresolvedtoliveafull,excitinglife.Heoncesaid,“Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流

星），everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet."Eachday,hepushed

himself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoal

wastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.In

eighteenyears,thewriterpublishedfifty-onebooksandhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebest-selling

andhighest-paidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter.WhiteFang

andTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness.

ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon'senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimethey

openoneofhisnovels.

TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon.

A.isexpertatuniverse.B.aimshighandstrivetosucceed.

C.isexcitedaboutlifeinthewildness.D.faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath.

易错点16阅读理解词义猜测题

目录

01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）

02举一反三

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点

【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点

［易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点

03易错题通关

易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。

【分析】

这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必

不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜

测。

易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。

【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与

指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。

易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。

【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线

句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中

出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点

【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）

SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurate

Earthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockfor

whatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock^^inparagraph5mean?

A.Abasicpart.B.Adetailedmap.

C.Abuildingmaterial.D.Amajorobstacle.

易错分析:脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C,应根据for之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生义。

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providing

fastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodeL（她编写了一台IBM7030Stretch计算机，为精确的

地球模型提供了更快的计算。）”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句”（这个关

于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的abuildingblock。户其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，

与A项同义。故选A项。

【变式1］（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot“hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfarther

fromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.Thafsbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakers

interacttocancelouteachother'ssound.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Becomeslower.B.Travelsfaster.

C.Getssweeter.D.Soundsnicer.

易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句

话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。

【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That飞becausesoundwavesfromdifferent

loudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother9ssound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，

相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句

意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。

【变式2］（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）

Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillast

year.4tIwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.I

wasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Safeandslow.B.Fastanddangerous.

C.Excitingandterrifying.D.Gentleandcomfortable.

易错分析：受break的熟词词义影响，脱离语境误选A。根据Actually的逻辑转折意义，及下文

引述的话可推知逻辑含义。

【答案】B

［解析］词句猜测题。根据第一段"AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays一bothofthem,at

allhoursofthedayandnight.（这些天艾丽西亚・夸尔斯忙得不可开交---无论是白天还是晚上）”

及戈线词下文“"Iwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoing

nonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse."（"我筋疲力尽，"她说。“我一直在做三份

工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我担心我的心理健康状况会越来越差。"）”可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，

生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。由此推知，划线词breakneck与Fastanddangerous（快速危

险）意思接近。故选B。

【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoin

Illinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeen

productiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatinginto

successinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut“inparagraph1mean?

A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B.Hadveryslowreactions.

C.Acceptedhardwork'svalue.D.Overcameabigproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】词句猜测题。本艮据文章第——段"AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,

mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelt

hopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.（虽然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效,

但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转化为实验室的成功，我对实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情

必须改变。）”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶颈，所以划线部分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故

选A项。

【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点

【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）

Thecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingthe

Africancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsof

carbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekey

tosuccess.4CTheGreatGreenWall...isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopment

aidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnion

CommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative/'Butthistimetheyidentify.This

istheverythingofus!^

Whatdoes"us"underlinedinParagraph3referto?

B.AfricanUnions.B.Alladvocates.C.Landowners.D.AllAfricans.

易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语

之间的逻辑联系。

【答案】D

［导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段"TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,is

vital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.（这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，

可能是成功的关键）‘'以及""TheGreatGreenWall...isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailure

ofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,African

UnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative."Butthistimetheyidentify.

Thisistheverythingofus!?,（“绿色长城...是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处,

因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯・保罗・坦加姆说。

“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！）”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。

【变式2］（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）

RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.For

instance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."ComparedtoAmerica,Denmark

setsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,saidXeniaTrier,anexpertatthe

EuropeanEnvironmentAgency."Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefrom

thepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.In

general,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthe

samewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.9,TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmerican

mass-mediacompanies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinparagraph4?

A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughit

wasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.（PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不

是100%,但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播）”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到

食品中故选B。

【变式3］（2023年全国高三专项练习）

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.

Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemical

thatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssaw

picturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareas

becameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwith

friends.

Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.D.Ahamburger.

【答案】B

【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“Afterthevo