2025年新高考英语必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元综合测试卷

必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters单元培优综合测试卷

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

（2024•重庆•三模）ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTS

TheOpeningCeremonyofthe2024OlympicGameswillbebold,originalandunique.On26July2024,

Paris2024willofferanOpeningCeremonythatiscertaintojointhemostmemorablemomentsinOlympichistory.

Aceremonyoutsideastadium

ForthefirsttimeinthehistoryoftheOlympicSummerGames,theOpeningCeremonywillnottakeplacein

astadium.Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobe

heldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine（塞纳河）.

Aceremonyontheriver

Takingonanewlook,theparadeofathleteswillbeheldontheSeinewithboatsforeachnationaldelegation

（代表团）.Theseboatswillbeequippedwithcamerastoallowtelevisionandonlineviewerstoseetheathletesup

close.Windingtheirwayfromeasttowest,the10,500athleteswillcrossthroughthecentreofParis.

Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators

Holdingaceremonyopentoalargeaudience,withnoadmissionfeeformostofitsspectators,isamajor

first.Fanswon'tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays（码头），butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswill

needtobuytickets.Eightygiantscreensandstrategicallyplacedspeakerswillalloweveryonetoenjoythemagical

atmosphereofthisshowthroughoutParis.

Aceremonydesignedforandbyathletes

Byopeningwiththeparadeofathletes,Paris2024isbreakingwithtradition.Athleteswillbefeaturedon

stageduringtheintroductiontoandthroughouttheceremonyaspartofParis2024'sconstantaimtoholdGames

createdforandbyathletes.

1.WherewilltheOpeningCeremonyofParis2024beheld?

A.OnthequaysbesidetheSeine.

B.InthecitycenteralongtheSeine.

C.InastadiumneartheheartofParis.

D.OntheeasternandwesternendsofParis.

2.Whatdoweknowabouttheadmissionfee?

A.Noadmissionfeeisrequired.

B.Accesstothelowerquaysisfree.

C.Ticketsshouldbeboughtfortheupperquays.

D.Someviewerspayforwatchingtheceremony.

3.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?

A.ThehistoryoftheOlympics.B.TheprocedureofParis2024.

C.Thenovelpointsofaceremony.D.Thechargingrulesofaceremony.

B

（23-24高三上•黑龙江•期中）LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane（飓风）匕sa

commonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhouses

allsummer.

Thoughunwillingtoevacuate（撤离）fromahurricane,onSeptember15,myfamilywasforcedtoleaveour

homeformygrandfather^houseseveralmilesaway.Wespenttheearlypartofthateveningwatchingthe

hurricanedrawcloserontheWeatherChannel.Aroundnineo?clock,aloudsoundshookthehouse,turnedoverthe

roofandcarrieditoff.Sooncameanindoorrainstorm.

Realizingthedamage,mygrandfatherbegantobeafraid.Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintothe

heavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft.Wegothimbackinside.Ihadneverseenhimsoscared.

Momfinallyaskedhimtoliedowninhisroom.

Theleak（渗漏）hadprogressedrapidly.Itsoonbecamearaceagainsttimetoprotectwhattobesaved.Some

peoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchas

thephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.

Thenextmorning,itstartedtoclearup.Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm,thoughthe

samecouldnotbesaidforthehouse.Onlythewoodenbeams（梁）remained,butinsidemanyofthethingswere

safe.MymomandIhadworkedtirelesslythroughthenight.

Itwaslate,butwewerestillunwillingtogotobed.Wediscussedtherebuildingofthehouse.Underthe

beautifulsky,wesuggestedlookingaftermygrandfathermoreofteninthefuture.Afterthisdisaster,Irealizedthe

truththatthehurricaneitselfwasnotsoterribleifwelovedeachother.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Manyresidentslivingnearthecoasttendtoleavetheplace.

B.Manyresidentsareunwillingtoprepareforhurricanes.

C.HurricanesoftenstriketheFloridaEmeraldCoast.

D.HurricanesseldomhittheFloridaEmeraldCoast.

5.Whydidtheauthor'sgrandfathergooutintotherainandwind?

A.Toprotectsomethingoutside.B.Toseetheconditionoftheroof.

C.Toavoidthedangerinthehouse.D.Toknowhowserioustherainwas.

6.Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?

A.Whytheauthorfearedthestorm.B.Howthestorminfluencedthehouse.

C.Howpeoplehelpedeachotherinthestorm.D.Whattheauthorwasreadytosavefromthestorm.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?

A.Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings.B.Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster.

C.Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair.D.Thehousesurvivedthehurricane.

C

（2024•湖南长沙•三模）Rogues（疯狗浪）,called"extremestormwaves"byscientists,arelarge,unexpected,

anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtotheNational

OceanicandAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）.Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayandallover

theworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.

Roguewavesappeartoformwhenlargeroughwavespassthroughoneanother,combiningtoformhuge

wallsofwater,accordingtoNOAA.However,whyandwheretheyappearisunclear.Butusing700years5worthof

oceandataincludinghistoricalrecordsanddatafrombuoys（浮标）in158locationsaroundtheworld,researchers

havenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese"hugebeasts”.

“Theyarecausedbyacombinationofmanyfactorsthat,untilnow,havenotbeencombinedintoasingle

riskassessment,saidleadauthorDionHafner.Hafnerandhisco-workersmappedthefactorsthatmayleadto

roguewavesandusedAItomakeasinglemodelthatcoulddeterminethelikelihoodthataroguewavewillform.

Theteamtrainedaneuralnetworkusinghistoricalwavedata.Thisgeneratedasystemthatlearnedthe

causesofroguewavesbyitselfandcouldworktopredictthem.ButtheAl'smethodswerehidinablackbox.This

meansscientistscouldn'tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.SoHafner^teamappliedanotherformofmachine

learning,whichproducedanequation（综合体）whenfeddata,ratherthanjustasingleprediction,helpingthe

researcherstounderstandhowtheAIreacheditspredictions.

“Ouranalysisdemonstratesthatabnormalwavesoccurallthetime.Infact,weregistered100,000wavesin

ourdatasetthatcanbedefinedasroguewaves,9,Hafnersaid.Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofarogue

wave,Hafneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompanies

canusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternative

course.

8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?

A.Byusinganexample.B.Bygivingadefinition.

C.Bydrawingacomparison.D.Bymakinganassumption.

9.Whatcanthesystemdoaccordingtoparagraph2?

A.Monitorhugeseacreatures.B.Guideshipsaroundinthesea.

C.Preventrougewavesfromoccurring.D.Forecastthehittingofroguewaves.

10.WhatisthedisadvantageoftheAl'smethods?

A.Theyaren'tvisuallyavailable.B.Theydependontoomanyfactors.

C.Theymakeinaccuratepredictions.D.Theydon'tprocessdatasystematically.

11.HowdoesHafnerfindthesystem?

A.Itrequiresmorefieldtests.B.Ithasbeenwidelyused.

C.Itneedsfurtherimprovement.D.Ithasapromisingfuture.

D

（2024•广西南宁•二模）InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestruckthe

NotoPeninsula（能登半岛）onthecountry'swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines（断层线）

liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.

Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovements

inartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.

Lastfall,researchersattheUniversityofTexasatAustinincreasedsuchhopesforearthquakepredictionwith

aseven-monthtrialinChina.Inall,thealgorithm（演算法）successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout

200milesofitsactualepicenter（震中）.Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.

ThetrialwaspartofaninternationalA.I.-designcompetition,oneofafewsucheventsheldinrecentyearsto

advanceearthquakepredictiontechnologies.

SergeyFomel,ageoscientistatUTAustinandamemberoftheresearchteam,saysinastatement."We'renot

yetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwas

animpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.^^

Additionally,machinelearningcouldhelpdetecthiddenpatternsindataorcollectmoredatatobetterinform

earthquakeforecasting,HutchisonwritesforMITTechnologyReview.Forexample,someresearchersareshowing

howA.I.mightuserecordingsfromaspecificseismicsitetoanticipateanearthquake'smagnitude.Oneteamhas

builtandtrainedneuralnetworkstopredictwhereaftershocksmayoccurafteraninitialstrike.Andothersareusing

machinelearningtoidentifyandextractseismicwaves-thevibrationsthatspreadthroughtheearthduringtectonic

activity（构造活动）一fromothernoisesintheground.

12.Whafsthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplainaconcept.B.Tointroduceanewtopic.

C.Tosupplyasummary.D.Toprovideanexample.

13.Whatmadesomeresearchersoptimisticabouttheearthquakeforecasting?

A.Therecentprogressintheories.B.Theuseoftraditionalmethods.

C.Theincreasingnumberofearthquakes.D.Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence.

14.Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A.ThetrialwasconductedbyChinese.B.Thealgorithmwastotallysuccessful.

C.A.I.showspromiseinearthquakeprediction.D.TheA.I.competitiononlyfocusedonearthquakes.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Japan?sVulnerabilitytoEarthquakesB.HelperinPredictingEarthquakes-A.I.

C.TheImpossibilityofEarthquakePredictionD.InternationalEffortstoPredictEarthquakes

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2024•重庆•模拟预测）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth9sweathertoextremes.

16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,

andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou'rewithhasheatexhaustion.

17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you511wanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyour

hotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestive

process.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou'vecooledofftoeat.

Thafsbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.

Protectyourskin-ifsthebody'scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedto

movewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlying

tissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.

18.

Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthat

allowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.

Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keep

drinkingwhileyou'reworkingout.

A.Don'teatrightbeforeyouheadout.

B.Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.

C.Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.

D.Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.

E.IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?

F.Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.

G.Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

（2024•广东肇庆•二模）ElmerWhitakersighedashelookedoverhismuddycrops.Aterrible21

hadsweptthroughhisfarmthenightbefore,andhiscropswerenowcoveredin22anddestroyed.His

neighbor,akindyoungmannamedThomas,23toofferhishelp.

"Whatadisaster,"Whitakersaid."Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield.Ifeel

24anddon'tknowwhattodonow.

Thomascalmedhimdownandthoughtforamoment."1seethisnotasadisasterbutasan25

hesaid.Whitakerlookedathim26.“Howcanitbe?”heasked.Thomassmiled27,“Nowyou

haveachancetotrysomethingnew.You'vealwaysgrownbeansandcabbages.Whynottryplanting28

cropsthatwillalsofitinthissoil?Youcandiversifyandtherefore29yourfarmonceagain.^^

ElmerWhitakerconsideredthis.Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.Thisdisastercouldpush

himtomakehisfarm30andsustainableinanewway."Youhave31me,"Whitakersaid.He

clappedThomasontheback."Thankyouforshowingmetheopportunityinthisdifficulty.

AndsoWhitaker32newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain.Farmersfrom

neighboringtownswere33withthewonderofWhitaker'sfields,andtheybeganto34their

cropsaswell.ElmerWhitaker9sfarmhasbecomea35ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatin

everystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth.

21.A.forceB.smokeC.warD.storm

22.A.mudB.grassC.mistD.dust

23.A.wentonB.setoffC.camebyD.burstin

24.A.specialB.desperateC.sensitiveD.tireless

25.A.opportunityB.agreementC.intentionD.element

26.A.asusualB.indisbeliefC.onpurposeD.withpride

27.A.innocentlyB.gratefullyC.politelyD.cheerfully

28.A.majorB.traditionalC.differentD.natural

29.A.restoreB.exchangeC,donateD.abandon

30.A.formalB.diverseC.realisticD.obvious

31.A.informedB.demandedC.enlightenedD.promised

32.A.tastedB.plantedC.sharedD.received

33.A.carefulB.troubledC.familiarD.impressed

34.A.diversifyB.removeC.deliverD.observe

35.A.mannerB.dreamC.symbolD.cause

第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）

（2024.辽宁•二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ThemainstructureoftheDatengxiawaterresourcesmanagementfacilityinSouthwestChinahasbeen

completedfourmonthsahead36schedule,theMinistryofWaterResourcessaidonSaturday.

Theproject,37islocatedintheXijiangRiver,haseightpowergeneration38（unit）,each

withaninstalledcapacityof200,000kilowatts（千瓦）.Itcan39（annual）generatemorethan6billion

kilowatthoursofelectricity.

Incooperationwithotherreservoirs（水库），theprojectcanhelpWuzhou,acitywith40populationof

over2.8millioninGuangxi,dealwithonce-in-a-hundred-yearfloods.Previously,thecitywasonlyabletohold

floodsthatoccuronceevery50years.TheprojectalsoenablessomecitiesinthePearlRiverDelta41

（resist）floodsthathappenonceeverytwocenturies.

TheministrysaidtheDatengxiafacilitywillalsoprovidestrongsupportforruraldevelopment,offering

irrigation（灌溉）waterto80,000hectaresoffarmlandand42（address）drinkingwatershortageforalmost

1.4millionpeopleinGuangxi.

Theprojecthasalreadyplayed43（significance）rolesinthepastthreeyearswhenitwasputintotrial

operation.Forexample,inJunelastyear,ithelpedprevent44storeabout700millioncubicmetersof

floodwaterwhentheXijiangRiver45（hit）byaflood.Inthepeak,itreducedwaterflowby3,500cubic

meterspersecond.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

（2024•江西萍乡•二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“FocusonFire

Safety,CherishLife”的新闻报道，内容包括：

1-活动目的；

2.活动过程和感受。

注意：1.写作同数应为80个左右。

2.参考词汇：灭火器fireextinguishers;消防栓firehydrants

第二节（满分25分）

（2024•江西南昌・三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

SamanthaandJakehadalwaysbeenclosetonature.Growingupinasmallcottagesituateddeepwithina

thrivingforest,theyfoundcomfortandwonderinthebeautyofthenaturalwor