3.1.1闭式自动喷水灭火系统认知CognitionofClosed-type

3.1.1闭式自动喷水灭火系统认知CognitionofClosed-typeAutomaticSprinklerSystem自动喷水灭火系统概述OverviewofAutomaticSprinklerSystem定义Definition火灾发生时，能自动打开喷头喷水灭火并同时发出火警信号的消防灭火设施。Itreferstoafireextinguishingfacilitythatcanautomaticallyopenthenozzlestospraywaterandsendoutfirealarmsignalsmeanwhilewhenafireoccurs.自动喷水灭火系统概述OverviewofAutomaticSprinklerSystem据资料统计，自动喷水灭火系统扑灭初期火灾的效率在97%以上Accordingtostatistics,theefficiencyoftheautomaticsprinklersysteminextinguishingincipientfireisabove97%设置场所：人员密集不易疏散，外部增援灭火与救生较困难或火灾危险性较大的场所Settingplace:denselypopulatedplaceswhereconductingexternalhelptoputoutfiresandsavinglivesismoredifficult,orplaceswithahighriskoffire安全可靠Safeandreliable经济实用Economicalandpractical灭火效率高Highfireextinguishingefficiency特点Features自动喷水灭火系统的分类Classificationofautomaticsprinklersystems按喷头的开启形式Accordingtotheopeningformofnozzles闭式系统Closedsystem湿式自动喷水灭火系统Wetautomaticsprinklersystems干式自动喷水灭火系统Automaticdrypipesprinklersystem干湿式自动喷水灭火系统Automaticdry-wetsprinklersystem预作用自动喷水灭火系统Pre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem重复启闭预作用灭火系统Recyclingpre-actionfireextinguishingsystem开式系统Opensystem雨淋系统Delugesprinklersystem水幕系统Drenchersprinklersystem水喷雾Waterspray一、湿式自动喷水灭火系统AutomaticWetSprinklerSystem1.工作原理Workingprinciple火灾发生时，火点温度达到开启闭式喷头，闭式喷头破裂，水由喷头喷出，管道中的水流使湿式报警阀开启，湿式报警阀发出声音报警信号，同时输出电报警信号，启动消防水泵，消防水泵给系统提供压力，进行灭火。Whenafireoccurs,thetemperatureofthefirespot,reachingacertainvalue,enablestheclosednozzletoopen.Thenozzlebreaksandwaterissprinkledfromit.Thewaterflowinthepipesopensthewetalarmvalve,whichsendsoutanaudiblealarmsignalandanelectricalarmsignaltostartthefirepumpatthesametime.Thefirepumpprovidespressuretothesystemtoputoutthefire.水箱Watertank湿式自动喷水灭火系统演示示意图Schematicdiagramofanautomaticwetsprinklersystem主泵Primarypump备用泵Standbypump信号闸阀Signalgatevalve压力表Pressuremeter延迟器Delayer水力警铃Watermotoralarm压力开关Pressureswitch水流指示器Waterflowindicator信号闸阀Signalgatevalve末端试水装置Endwatertestdevice水泵电控柜Waterpumpelectricalcontrolcabinet湿式报警阀Wetalarmvalve消防水池Firepool消防控制室联动控制柜Linkagecontrolcabinetinfirecontrolcenter一、湿式自动喷水灭火系统AutomaticWetSprinklerSystem室内发生火情Indoorfire喷头动作喷水Nozzlesoperatetospraywater水流指示器动作Waterflowindicatoroperates湿式报警阀动作Wetalarmvalveoperates压力开关报警Pressureswitchalarms值班室(服务台)Dutyroom(servicecounter)末端试验装置Endtestdevice水力警铃报警Watermotoralarmoperates消防控制室Firecontrolcenter启动水泵Startthepump报告与传递指令Reportandtransmitinstructions湿式自动喷水灭火系统原理流程图PrincipleFlowchartofAutomaticWetSprinklerSystem一、湿式自动喷水灭火系统AutomaticWetSprinklerSystem2.特点Features优点：灭火及时扑救效率高。Advantages:timelyfireextinguishingandhighefficiency.缺点：由于管网中充有有压水，当渗漏时会损毁建筑装饰和影响建筑的使用。Disadvantages:

asthepipenetworkisfilledwithpressurizedwater,ifthereisaleakage,buildingdecorationwillbedamagedandtheuseofbuildingswillbeaffected.适用场所：该系统只适用于环境温度4℃≤t≤70℃的建筑物。Applicationplace:thesystemisonlyapplicabletobuildingswithanambienttemperatureof4°C≤t≤70°C.二、干式自动喷水灭火系统AutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem喷头常闭的灭火系统，管网中平时不充水，充有有压空气（或氮气）。当建筑物发生火灾火点温度达到开启闭式喷头时，喷头开启排气、充水灭火。Itisafire-extinguishingsystemwiththenozzleclosedusually.Usually,thepipenetworkisnotfilledwithwaterbutpressurizedair(ornitrogen).Incaseofafireoccurringinbuildings,whenthetemperatureofthefirespotreachesaspecifiedvaluethatmakestheclosednozzleopen,thenozzlewillstartventingandfillingwatertoputoutthefire.1.原理Principle水箱Watertank干式自动喷水灭火系统演示示意图Schematicdiagramofanautomaticdrypipesprinklersystem主泵Primarypump备用泵Standbypump信号闸阀Signalgatevalve水力警铃Watermotoralarm压力开关Pressureswitch水流指示器Waterflowindicator末端试水装置Endwatertestdevice电控柜Electricalcontrolcabinet干式报警阀Dryalarmvalve消防水池Firepool消防控制室联动控制柜Linkagecontrolcabinetinfirecontrolcenter自动排气阀Automaticexhaustvalve二、干式自动喷水灭火系统AutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem室内发生火情Indoorfire喷头或排气阀开启放气Openthenozzleorexhaustvalveforventing干式报警阀开启Dryalarmvalveopen压力开关动作Pressureswitchoperates干式自动喷水灭火系统原理流程图PrincipleFlowchartofAutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem水力警铃报警Watermotoralarmoperates水流指示Waterflow器动作indicatoroperates水流进入喷水管网Waterflowsintothespraypipenetwork喷头喷水灭火Nozzlesoperatetospraywaterandputoutfires消防中心控制室Controlroomoffirecontrolcenter高位水箱Highleveltank气压罐供水Airpressuretankwatersupply水泵开启Waterpumpon二、干式自动喷水灭火系统AutomaticDryPipeSprinklerSystem2.特点Features适用场所：环境温度低于4℃或高于70℃的场所。Applicationplace:placeswheretheambienttemperatureislowerthan4°Corhigherthan70°C.对建筑物装饰无影响，对环境温度也无要求；Thereisnoinfluenceonbuildingdecorationandnorequirementfortheambienttemperature;适用于采暖期长而建筑内无采暖的场所。Itissuitableforplaceswithlongheatingperiodsbutwithoutheatingwithinthebuilding.优点Advantages管理比较复杂，投资较大；灭火效率低；Complicatedmanagement;largeinvestment;lowfireextinguishingefficiency;管网、喷头安装要求严格Strictinstallationrequirementsforpipenetworkandnozzles缺点Disadvantages三、预作用自动喷水灭火系统Pre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem预作用自动喷水灭火系统原理Principlesofpre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem平时管道不充水，准工作状态时，管网中通常充有压缩空气。Usually,thepipesoftheautomaticpre-actionsprinklersystemarenotfilledwithwater.Thepipenetworkisusuallyfilledwithcompressedairwhenthesystemisreadytowork.三、

预作用自动喷水灭火系统Pre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem预作用自动喷水灭火系统原理Principlesofpre-actionautomaticsprinklersystem1当火灾发生火灾时，由感烟、感温火灾探测器报警后，通过报警联动控制器自动联动控制系统电磁阀门排气、充水，由干式变为湿式系统。Incaseofafire,afterthesmokeandheatfiredetectorsgiveanalarm,thesystemwillbeautomaticallylinkedbythealarmlinkagecontrollertocontroltheventingandwaterfillingofthesolenoidvalve,andthesystemwillchangefromdrytypetowettype.2当闭式喷头的热敏元件受热达到或超过额定动作温度时，热敏元件动作（熔化、破碎），闭式喷头开启，喷水灭火。Whenthethermosensitiveelementoftheclosednozzleisheatedtoorabovetheratedoperatingtemperature,thethermosensitiveelementwillact(meltandbreak)andtheclosednozzlewillbeopenedtosprinklewaterforextinguishingthefire.预作用喷水灭火系统工作原理示意图SchematicDiagramofWorkingPrincipleofPre-actionSprinklerSystem水箱Watertank主泵Primarypump备用泵Standbypump信号闸阀Signalgatevalve压力表Pressuremeter水力警铃Watermotoralarm水流指示器Waterflowindicator信号闸阀Signalgatevalve报警阀Alarmvalve消防水池Firepool排气阀Exhaustvalve楼层显示器Floorindicator火灾报警铃Firealarmbell火灾报警控制器Firealarmcontroller当顶层温度达到玻璃泡的动作温度时，喷头玻璃泡就会破裂。Thenozzleglassbulbcollapseswhenthetoplayertemperaturereaches