12月大学英语六级阅读模拟练习题

20xx年12月高校英语六级阅读模拟

练习题

20xx年12月高校英语六级阅读模拟练习题

英语四六级考试的20xx年下半年考试即将到来,为帮

助各位更好的进行学问点的巩固，下面是为大家搜寻

整理的英语六级辅导训练，希望能给大家带来帮助！

Earthquakes

A)Anearthquakeisoneofthemostterrifying

phenomenathatnaturecandishup.Wegenerally

thinkofthegroundwestandonas”rock・solid”and

completelystable.Anearthquakecanshatter(粉

碎)thatperceptioninstantly,andoftenwithextreme

violence.

B)Upuntilrelativelyrecently,scientistsonlyhad

unprovenguessesastowhatactuallycaused

earthquakes.Eventodaythereisstillacertainamount

ofmysterysurroundingthem,butscientistshavea

muchclearerunderstanding.Therehasbeenenormous

progressinthepastcentury.Scientistshaveidentified

theforcesthatcauseearthquakes,anddeveloped

technologythatcantellusanearthquakesmagnitude

andorigin.Thenexthurdleistofindawayof

predictingearthquakes,sotheydon'tcatchpeopleby

surprise.Inthisarticle,we'llfindoutwhatcauses

earthquakes,andwe'llalsofindoutwhytheycanhave

suchadevastatingeffectonus.

C)Anearthquakeisavibration(振动)thattravels

throughtheearth/scrust.Technically,alargetruckthat

rumblesdownthestreetiscausingamini-earthquake,

ifyoufeelyourhouseshakingasitgoesby;butwe

tendtothinkofearthquakesaseventsthataffecta

fairlylargearea,suchasanentirecity.Allkindsof

thingscancauseearthquakes:volcaniceruptions,

meteor(流星)impacts,undergroundexplosions(an

undergroundnucleartest,forexample),collapsing

structures(suchasacollapsingmine).Butthemajority

ofnaturally-occurringearthquakesarecausedby

movementsoftheearth'splates.

D)Weonlyhearaboutearthquakesinthenews

everyonceinawhile,buttheyareactuallyan

everydayoccurrenceonourplanet.Accordingtothe

UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,morethan3million

earthquakesoccureveryyear.That'sabout8,000aday,

oroneevery11seconds!Thevastmajorityofthese3

millionquakesareextremelyweak.Thelawof

probabilityalsocausesagoodnumberofstronger

quakestohappeninuninhabitedplaceswherenoone

feelsthem.Itisthebig

quakesthatoccurinhighlypopulatedareasthat

getourattention.

E)Earthquakeshavecausedagreatdealof

propertydamageovertheyears,andtheyhave

claimedmanylives.Inthelasthundredyearsalone,

therehavebeenmorethan1.5million

earthquake-relatedfatalities.Usually,itsnotthe

shakinggrounditselfthatclaimslives;it'sthe

associateddestructionofman-madestructuresand

othernaturaldisastersitcauses,suchastsunamis,

avalanches(雪崩)andlandslides.

F)Thebiggestscientificbreakthroughinthe

historyofseismology—thestudyof

earthquakes—cameinthemiddleofthe20thcentury,

withthedevelopmentofthetheoryofplate

tectonics（筑造学）.Scientistsproposedtheideaofplate

tectonicstoexplainanumberofpeculiarphenomena

onearth,suchastheapparentmovementof

continentsovertime,theclusteringofvolcanicactivity

incertainareasandthepresenceofhugeridgesatthe

bottomoftheocean.

G）Thebasictheoryisthatthesurfacelayerofthe

earth—thelithosphere—iscomprisedofmanyplates

thatslideoverthelubricating（润滑的）asthenosphere

layer.Attheboundariesbetweenthesehugeplatesof

soilandrock,threedifferentthingscanhappen.

H）Platescanmoveapart.Iftwoplatesaremoving

apartfromeachother,hot,moltenrockflowsupfrom

thelayersofmantlebelowthelithosphere.This

magma（岩浆）comesoutonthesurface（mostlyatthe

bottomoftheocean）,whereitiscalledlava（熔岩）.As

thelavacools,ithardenstoformnewlithosphere

material,fillinginthegap.Thisiscalledadivergent

plateboundary.

I)Platescanpushtogether.Ifthetwoplatesare

movingtowardeachother,oneplatetypicallypushes

undertheotherone.Thisplatebelowsinksintothe

lowermantlelayers,whereitmelts.Atsome

boundarieswheretwoplatesmeet,neitherplateisina

positiontopushundertheother,sotheybothpush

againsteachothertoformmountains.Thelineswhere

platespushtowardeachotherarecalledconvergent

plateboundaries.

J)Platesslideagainsteachother.Atother

boundaries,platessimplyslidebyeachother—one

movesnorthandonemovessouth,forexample.While

theplatesdon'tdriftdirectlyintoeachotheratthese

transformboundaries,theyarepushedtightlytogether.

Agreatdealoftensionbuildsattheboundary.

K)Weunderstandearthquakesalotbetterthan

wedideven50yearsago,butwestillcan/tdomuch

aboutthem.Theyarecausedbyfundamental,

powerfulgeologicalprocessesthatarefarbeyondour

control.Theseprocessesarealsofairlyunpredictable,

soitsnotpossibleatthistimetotellpeopleexactly

whenanearthquakeisgoingtooccur.Thefirst

detectedearthquakewaveswilltellusthatmore

powerfulvibrationsareontheirway,butthisonly

givesusafewminutes/warning,atmost.

L)Sowhatcanwedoaboutearthquakes?The

majoradvancesoverthepast50yearshavebeenin

preparedness,particularlyinthefieldofconstruction

engineering.In1973,theUniformBuildingCode,an

internationalsetofstandardsforbuilding

construction,7added?specifications7to7strengthen7

buildings?against7the7force7of7earthquake7

waves.7This7includes?strengthening?support7

material7as7well7as7designingbuildingssotheyare

flexibleenoughtoabsorbvibrationswithoutfallingor

deteriorating.Itsveryimportanttodesignstructures

thatcanundergothissortofattack,particularlyin

earthquake-proneareas.

M)Anothercomponentofpreparednessis

educatingthepublic.TheUnitedStatesGeological

Survey(USGS)andothergovernmentagencieshave

producedseveralbrochuresexplainingtheprocesses

involvedinanearthquakeandgivinginstructionson

howtoprepareyourhouseforapossibleearthquake,

aswellaswhattodowhenaquakehits.

N)Inthefuture,improvementsinpredictionand

preparednessshouldfurtherminimizethelossoflife

andpropertyassociatedwithearthquakes.Butitwill

bealongtime,ifever,beforewe'llbereadyforevery

substantialearthquakethatmightoccur.Justlike

severeweatheranddisease,earthquakesarean

unavoidableforcegeneratedbythepowerfulnatural

processesthatshapeourplanet.Allwecandois

increaseourunderstandingofthephenomenonand

developbetterwaystodealwithit.

1.Earthquake-relatedfatalitiesareusuallycaused

bybuildings,collapseandotherensuingnatural

disasters,notbytheshakinggrounditself.

2.Besidesmovementsoftheearth/splates,other

forcessuchasvolcaniceruptions,meteorimpactsand

soon,canalsocauseearthquakes.

3.Earthquakesactuallyoccureveryday;mostof

themarenotbigenoughtogetourattention.

4.Peoplegenerallythinkthegroundbeneaththeir

feetiscompletelystable,butearthquakesshatterthat

ideainnotime.

5.Wecannotpreventearthquakesbutwecan

activelyfindbetterwaystofacethem.

6.Earthquakesarehardlypredictable,andpeople

cannotbetoldwhenanearthquakeisgoingtooccur.

7.Scientistshavefoundoutforcesthatcause

earthquakesthroughyearsofefforts.

8.Architectsnowhavedesignedflexiblebuildings

tominimizethedamagesofearthquakes.

9.Scientistsusethetheoryofplatetectonicsto

explaintheapparentmovementofcontinentsover

time.

10.Theconvergentplateboundariesrefertothe

lineswhereplatespushtowardeachother.

文章精要

地震危害巨大，了解地震对削减其带来的损失有

着重要意义。本文讲解了引发地震的因素、与地震

有关的地壳板块运动和地震的危害，并指出尽管人类

还无法精确预料地震，但一些必要的防备措施能够

削减地震带来的损失。

答案解析

1.E本题是对E段最终一句话的同义转述。定位

关键词是Earthquake-relatedfatalitieso原文用it's

not...thatclaimslives;结构指出“通常不是地壳晃

动引起的死亡，而是伴随而来的房屋倒塌或其他自然

灾难导致的死亡”，题目用...becausedby...notby...

结构表达了同样的意思。

2.C本题是对C段最终两句的归纳，题目将两句

话的含义概括为一句话。定位关键词是movements

oftheearth$splates,volcaniceruptions,meteor

impactSo

3.D本题是对D段的总结。定位关键词是getour

attentionoD段首句就提到每天都会发生地震，最终

一句提到只有大地震才能引起人们的留意，本题就是

对这两句话的概括。