1.四冲程内燃机-机械原理课程设计任务及说明

齿数模数m分度圆直径变位系数基圆直径齿顶圆直径齿根圆直径分度圆上的齿厚公法线长Z1363.5126-0.176118.401131.768116.0185.04937.507Z2、Z'2143.5490.17646.04557.23241.4825.94616.606Z3、Z'3723.5252-0.176236.803257.768242.0185.04980.601画出机构运动简图如图2-5所示图2-5机构运动简图2.2 运动分析1、速度分析（1）在CAD中新建一个零件图，在任意处以曲柄长度r画一个圆，圆心为O，以圆心为起点，r为长度画一条直线，与圆O交于点A，再画一条无限长度竖直线，以A为起点画线与竖直线相交于点B，长度为l，一个简易的机构运动简图就完成了。在简图上定出当OA与AB共线和垂直的四个点，并以上共线点在圆上阵列出12个点，此时圆上共有15个点。如图2-6所示。图2-6运动简图图解法求速度作出速度方程式如下：方向：大小：？？图2-7速度矢量三角形如图2-7所示，在SolidWorks中任取一点p作为速度极点。从点p出发做代表的矢量pa(且)，再分别过点a和p做代表的方向线ab（），代表的方向线pb(竖直方向），两者相交于点B，在线段ab上截出一点C，使得=0.37，c点即为连杆的质心点，连接pc，则pc的长度即为的大小。赋予速度矢量三角形一些约束，则速度矢量三角形可跟着机构运动简图的运动而变化，()则，，连杆的角速度则为在运动分析图中将曲柄移动一个点，记录一组数据，数据如表2-2所示(S为连杆上端点与活塞推程最高点的距离)。表2-2各点速度位置SVAB(m/s)Vc2(m/s)VB(m/s)ω2A009.5084.754022.02251A126.117.8217.516.08418.11507A292.064.1079.2669.429.51267A2'124.52.1499.5429.7484.977533A3170.850.8419.4169.5081.947932A4237.995.5238.2056.87312.79242A5281.738.6176.73.76719.95877A6299.589.5755.9750.57422.1777A6'3009.5084.754022.02251A7290.448.2086.657-2.87519.01144A8251.314.4568.304-6.70510.32103A9182.110.9229.644-9.8962.135545A9'124.54.4969.653-10.51810.41367A1097.199.5379.324-10.1622.08968A1126.928.9257.306-6.36420.67216根据速度表格中的数据绘出S的曲线如图2-8所示，绘出的曲线图如图2-9所示。图2-8S曲线图图2-9曲线图2、加速度分析（1）列出加速度的方程式方向：大小：？？在SolidWorks中任取一点作为加速度极点。从点出发作代表的矢量（由机构图上的点A指向点O，且）；再过点和，作代表（//BA，由点B指向点A）和代表的矢量（AB）；然后再作代表的矢量（竖直方向）（）。图2-10加速度矢量三角形求得加速度数据如表2-3所示表2-3各点加速度位置anBAatBAaBAaBac2α2A0209.390171.21221.17819.8685.34164.9372A1141.678337.43365.9667611.56582.74781.5583A239.06853553.33554.7186.84416.671281.628A2'10.69672604.79605.0711383.571400.82A31.63821621.07621.07-192.11395.171438.528A470.65254493.03498.07-360.45471.881141.96A5171.9847252.18305.24-385.93151.57584.1015A6212.351521.64213.45-398.19529.5950.12276A6'209.390171.36221.22-404.36530.58165.2847A7156.0459314.83351.38-448.34527.27729.212A845.99049587.05588.85-467.03481.981359.73A91.968972680.22680.22-258.37386.351575.532A9'46.81988585.25587.1251.79391.231355.561A10210.6693451.34498.09361.26472.11045.398A11184.4991216.51284.46671.59616.8501.4824绘出aB的曲线图如图2-11所示。图2-11曲线图2.3动态静力分析1.活塞上的气体压力求解运用公式（N）（数值查附表1可得）F—活塞的面积（cm）根据附表一表中的数据找到对应的，所以（N）由原始数据已知连杆重量，活塞重量，上面所求得的，，然后求出作用于构件上的惯性力=（N）（N）可以求出，活塞上所受合力的大小及方向4）已知连杆重量，上面所求的，=，即可求作用于构件上的惯性力矩（Kg·m2）（见原始数据）（N·m）5）以构件2、3为示力体，将作用在构件2上A点处的反力R分解为和（方向先假设），取=0，求出。如图2-14，用图解法求出h1，h2取，设M逆时针为正，则图2-14示力图6）以构件2、3为示力体，取利用图解法求出和，画受力分析图如图2-15，用矢量法解得，，图2-15受力分析矢量图7）以构件3为示力体，对滑块进行受力分析如图2-16所示。图2-16滑块受力分析图8）以构件1为示力体（构件1的重力忽略不计），取求出，再由=0，求出对曲柄做受力分析如图2-17，量得，又图2-17曲柄力矩图上述要求的数据可以通过原始数据与已经求的数据通过excel表格求得如下表格2-4所示。表格2-4动态静力分析各点数据位置α2ac2aBpiP'(N)下正Pi3（N)P(N)Pi2（N)Mi2（N.m）逆正A0164.9372685.34819.800-16730.6-16530.69091.24161.17467A1781.5583582.74611.56-1-567.06-12480.8-12847.97730.221289.8774A21281.628416.67186.84-1-567.06-3813.07-4180.135527.253-475.351A2'1400.82383.5711-1-567.06-224.49-591.555088.171-519.559A31438.528395.17-192.11-1-567.063920.6193553.5595242.049-533.545A41141.96471.88-360.45-1-567.067356.1366989.0766259.63-423.549A5584.1015151.57-385.93-1-567.067876.1377509.0772010.622-216.641A650.12276529.59-398.19-1-567.068126.3417759.2817025.17-18.5904A6'165.2847530.58-404.36-1-567.068252.267885.27038.30361.30353A7729.212527.27-448.34-1-567.069149.8128782.7526994.395270.4623A81359.73481.98-467.031.5850.599531.24210581.836393.609504.3194A91575.532386.35-258.3752835.35272.8678308.1675125.049584.3594A9'1355.561391.2351.7984536.48-1056.943679.5395189.783502.7731A101045.398472.1361.26158505.9-7372.671333.2346262.548-387.735A11501.4824616.8671.5943.524667.11-13705.911161.178182.037-185.998A12164.9372685.34819.814079388.4-16730.662857.769091.24161.17467A13781.5583582.74611.5614079388.4-12480.867107.567730.221289.8774A141281.628416.67186.8472.541111.85-3813.0737498.785527.253-475.351A14'1400.82383.571150.528636.53-224.4928612.045088.171-519.559A151438.528395.17-192.1132.518429.453920.61922550.075242.049-533.545A161141.96471.88-360.45158505.97356.13616062.046259.63-423.549A17584.1015151.57-385.937.54252.957876.13712329.092010.622-216.641A1850.12276529.59-398.192.51417.658126.3419743.9917025.17-18.5904A18'165.2847530.58-404.362.51417.658252.269869.917038.30361.30353A19729.212527.27-448.341567.069149.8129916.8726994.395270.4623A201359.73481.98-467.031567.069531.24210298.36393.609504.3194A211575.532386.35-258.371567.065272.8676039.9275125.049584.3594A21'1355.561391.2351.791567.06-1056.94-289.8815189.783502.7731A221045.398472.1361.261567.06-7372.67-6605.616262.548-387.735A23501.4824616.8671.591567.06-13705.9-12938.98182.037-185.998h1逆正（mm）h2逆正（mm）Rt12（N)Rn12(N)R03R12h3Mb-10.1823.4265.6171925570.651699.3125570.730.39-9.97259122.53-22.21-2858.619713.05-1667.6119919.2477.49-1543.54251.52-53.45-2102.926837.27-3879.847153.358127.83-914.414271.98-59.97-1983.891227.33-3286.642332.84578.31-182.685239.21-61.93-1649.96-5585.98-2178.75824.564122.59714.0333144.38-45.37-1098.62-12148.9-1051.2912198.4896.251174.10477.66-8.22142.5975-9547.82-486.089548.88560.98582.29139.5822.75-607.827-14971.7-1139.914984.052.8642.8543948.0513.58-929.401-15069.1-851.4315097.79.14-137.99329.8685.21-1135.85-15709.3-935.3415750.2652.91-833.346-95.88116.45216.7075-16871.3-2820.616872.793.38-1575.57-218.16124.931198.593-11054.61084.8211119.43130.7-1453.31-271.73116.282066.823-2509.841647.463251.316114.9-373.576-246.75108.374444.6431576.72712.674716.02620.9-98.5649-137.771.223018.961-4338.52-1899.615285.535143.83-760.218-10.1823.4265.61719-54113.1-5162.3954113.140.18-9.74037122.53-22.21-2858.6-60510.34882.3260577.73100.236071.706251.52-53.45-2102.92-35670.44473.0635732.33146.435232.286271.98-59.97-1983.89-287133314.4128781.47148.54274.048239.21-61.93-1649.96-25094.92263.0125149.03138.143474.087144.38-45.37-1098.62-21350.8483.721379.05100.582150.30477.66-8.22142.5975-14370.2-340.3514370.9460.3866.567539.5822.75-607.827-16977.8-1431.7916988.663.5760.6495148.0513.58-929.401-17085.5-1207.6717110.768.06-137.91329.8685.21-1135.85-16903.5-1309.4516941.652.2-884.351-95.88116.45216.7075-11845.5-668.9411847.592.75-1098.86-218.16124.931198.593-8521.03-88.018604.916128.35-1104.44-271.73116.282066.8231881.013524.492794.63100.19279.994-246.75108.374444.64310232.274161.3211155.9122.021361.243-137.771.223018.96120632.774638.8820852.4778.691640.8812.4飞轮转动惯量计算1.绘制力矩变化曲线=（）1）把=（）曲线作为=（）曲线（驱动力矩曲线）将所得30个值，在A3图纸上画出去变化曲线，即=（）曲线，如图2-18所示。图2-18力矩变化曲线图以的平均值作为阻抗力矩（常数）。这是因为在周期性的速度波动中，一个波动周期内的输入功等于输出功。即，首先，根据图2-16用CAD直接得出图中各个区域内的面积，如表2-5所示。表2-5力矩各区域面积单元面积f1f2f3f4f5f6面积大小(mm2)-101.894384.3587-187.5711864.8207-120.668140.1461根据已知数据求阻抗力矩（=6.76（mm）根据求出的H值，画=（）阻抗力矩曲线，如图2-19所示。图2-19阻抗力矩曲线以H为界，H以上为盈功，以下为亏功。且盈功为正，亏功为负值,用CAD求各部分面积，所得数据如表2-6。表2-6阻抗力矩曲线各区域面积区域面积f’1f’2f’3f’4f’5f’6f’7面积大小(mm2)-185.322421.4178-376.2884716.472-244.006872.552-0.5339根据上面各区域的面积，用公式，求对应的功得：根据上面数据，求在各个位置上功的累积变化量=-5559.672+=-4917.138++=-16205.7885+++=5288.3715++++=-2031.8325+++++=144.7275++++++=128.7105所以，根据上面数据可得5288.3715（Nm）-5559.672（Nm）从而得到最大盈亏功==10848.0435（Nm）根据许用不均匀系数[]，求等效构件上所需的等效转动惯量：已知（），从而得到=221.52（kg*m2）飞轮的转动惯量：不考虑各构件的质量和转动惯量 忽略不计 =221.52（kg*m2）2.5发动机功率计算由公式，H=6.77,L=100.53，=100，=0.125，=610，解得N=57.66马力2.6进排气凸