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PAGEPAGE11.尽管媒体上大量的犯罪事件报道会导致公众存在一定程度的多疑,但在今天这个时代,任何想对公众隐瞒信息的尝试最终都很可能会适得其反.Although

thesheervolumeof

(1.大量的)crimestoriesinthemediacanleadtoadegreeofparanoiaamongthepublic,

inthisdayandage(2.在这个时代)anyattemptstohideinformationfromthepublicwouldlikelybe

counterproductive(3.适得其反).

1-thesheervolumeof

词典释义:sheerUK

[ʃɪər]

US

[ʃɪr]

adjective

COMPLETE

完全的

ADVANCED

[before

noun]

■usedtoemphasizehowverygreat,importantorpowerfulaqualityorfeelingis;nothingexcept

完全的,彻底的

•Thesuggestionis

sheer

nonsense.这个建议纯粹是胡言乱语.•Hissuccesswasdueto

sheerwillpower/determination.他的成功全靠自己的意志力/决心.•Itwas

sheer

coincidencethatwemet.我们的相遇纯属巧合.

volumeUK

['vɒl.ju:m]

US

['vɑ:l-]

noun

AMOUNT

数量

ADVANCED

uncountable

■thenumberoramountofsomethingingeneral

总数;总量;总额•It'sthe

sheer

volume

oftrafficinthecity

thatiscausingtheproblems.造成这些问题的就是城里的交通流量.

外刊例句:IfyouhadthegoodfortunetositnexttoGarretFitzGeraldatdinner—wrappedroundbyhisnaturalwarmthandcuriosity,aswellasnumbedby

thesheervolumeof

Dublin-tincturedwordsthattumbledoutofhim—youmightlearnmanydozensof

mind-bogglinglyarcanefacts.

()如果你有幸在晚餐时坐在GarretFitzGerald旁边——置身于他天生的热情与好奇中,谈定地听着他都柏林味十足的口音在那里滔滔不绝——你也许能得知很多神秘的事实,开阔了眼界.

学生错误表达:(1)

agreatamountof点评:amountof后面应该接不可数名词,不能用来修饰crimestories(2)

massive点评:massive是指事物的规模大,例如:Clubmemberscangetamassivediscountof£50.会员可以有50英镑的大折扣.Massive不可以用来指数量多.

2-inthisdayandage

词典释义:inthisdayandage

■atthepresenttime

如今,当前,当今•Youcan'taffordtorunbusinessesinefficientlyinthisday

andage.如今低效经营企业是行不通的.外刊例句:SianBloorfromTraffordspokeofherfeelingsatmissing

outonagrammarschoolplaceattheageof11:"Iwasthefailure.Isthat

whatwewantforchildren

inthisday

andage,tobeclassedascleverorfailures?”

()来自特拉福德的席恩·布鲁尔谈及她在十一岁时未能进入文法学校读书的心情时,称"我当时就是个失败者.而这就是我们今时今日仍想对孩子做的?把他们分成聪明人和失败者?”

替换表达:nowadays/now/today

3-becounterproductive

词典释义:counterproductive

UK

[ˌkaʊn.tə.prə'dʌk.tɪv]

US

[-tˌɚ-]

adjective

■havinganeffectwhichisoppositetotheonethatisintendedorwanted

产生相反效果的;产生相反作用的;事与愿违的,适得其反的

•Improvedsafetymeasuresincarscanbe

counterproductive

astheyencouragepeopletodrivefaster.提高车辆安全性的措施可能会适得其反,因为这会激励人们开快车.

外刊例句:Norwouldtheysolvetheunderlyingprobleminglobalsteel

markets,whichisthehugeexcesssteelcapacityinChina.Indeed,theycould

becounterproductive

intheir

effects.

()他们将不会解决全球钢铁市场的潜在问题,即中国钢铁产能过剩.他们的努力的确可能适得其反.

替换表达:beself-defeating/havetheoppositeeffect/backfire

学生错误表达:(1)

endupwith

counterproductiveresults点评:可以精简为counterproductiveQ:any后什么时候跟复数,什么时候跟单数?A:any在否定句和疑问句中后面一般接复数名词和不可数名词,例如:

Arethereanystamps?

有邮票吗?Inevermakeanybigdecisions.

我从未作过任何重大决定.

此时句子不能写成Arethereanystamp?/Inevermakeanybigdecision.

2.从实际操作的角度来看,在当今世界想要查禁暴力内容几乎是不可能的.因暴力内容而被禁的电影很容易在网上找到,而且通常封禁一部电影反而起到宣传它的作用.Fromapracticalperspective(1.从实际操作的角度来看),tryingto

censor

(2.查禁,审查)violenceisnearimpossibleintoday'sworld.Filmsthatarebannedduetoviolentcontentcaneasilybefoundontheinternet,andoftenthebanningofafilm

onlyservesto

(3.反而起到……的作用)publiciseit.

1-fromapracticalperspective

词典释义:

perspective

UK

[pə'spek.tɪv]

US

[pɚ'spek-]

noun

THOUGHT

想法

IMPROVER

countable

■aparticularwayofconsideringsomething

(思考问题的)角度,观点,想法•Herattitudelendsafresh

perspective

tothe

subject.她的态度为这个问题提供了新的视角.•Hewrites

from

aMarxist

perspective.他从一个马克思主义者的角度写作.•Becauseofitsgeographicalposition,Germany's

perspectiveonthesituationinEasternEuropeisratherdifferentfromBritain's.由于地理位置不同,德国对东欧局势的看法与英国大相迳庭.fromafeminist

/Christian/globaletcperspective•Wehavetolookat

everythingfromaninternationalperspective.我们必须以国际的视角来看待一切问题.

外刊例句:Indeed,

froma

practicalperspective,theschoolrunisamassivecongestioncauser;the

morekidswecangetfromcarsontosomeformofpublictransport,thebetter

forcongestionandtheenvironment.

()从实际出发,这条学校线路的确会引起了严重交通堵塞.我们如果可以让更多孩子坐公共交通上学而非私家车,那将不仅能缓解堵塞,而且可以造福自然.

替换表达:fromaadjview/angle、practically

学生错误表达:(1)

Fromthe

practicaloperation点评:表达不准确,不能根据字面意思直译,operation一般是指"手术;行动”.(2)

practically

speaking点评:没有practically

speaking的说法(但有generallyspeaking的说法)(3)

fromthe

practicalperspective点评:应该改为froma

practicalperspective

2-censor

词典释义:censorUK

['sent.sər]

US

[-sɚ]

noun

countable

■apersonwhosejobistoreadbooks,watchfilms,etc.inordertoremoveanythingoffensivefromthem,orwhoreadsprivateletters,especiallysentduringwarorfromprison,toremovepartsconsidered

unsuitable

(书籍、电影等的)审查员,审查官;(尤指战时或监狱中私人书信的)检查员

UK

['sent.sər]

US

[-sɚ]

verb

transitive

■toremoveanythingoffensivefrombooks,films,etc.,ortoremovepartsconsideredunsuitablefromprivateletters,especiallysent

duringwarorfromaprison

审查(对书、电影等进行删改,以筛除当中冒犯粗劣的内容,也指对战时或监狱中所写的私人书信的检查,删除其中不当的部分)

•Thebookwasheavily

censored

whenfirstpublished.这本书首次出版时经过了严格的审查.

外刊例句:Google’svideoplatformisbeingattackedbyadvertisers

fornot

censoring

enoughandby

creatorsfor

censoring

toomuch.

Butdon’tfeelsorryforitjustyet.()谷歌的视频平台正遭广告商投诉其审查太松的同时,又遭到视频创作者投诉其审查太严了.不过它没觉得自己的审查系统有什么问题.

3-onlyservetodosthonlyservetodosth、onlytodo往往都有"出人意料(的结果)、本想达到可是正好相反(的结果)”之意.词典释义:▪

only

Itwill

only

serve

toannoytheclaimants'advisersandwill

notleadtoaconduciveclimateforultimatesettlement.

Ithinkitwould

only

serve

toreinforcemyfears.

Manydocuments,especiallyfromthenineteenthcentury,containredundant

wordswhich

only

serve

toconfuse.

Again,thisstorymay

serve

only

aspropaganda,oritmay

indicateanearliercultureinwhichwomenheldpower.

Calley,whohadbeensentencedtolifeimprisonment,waseventuallyparoled

afterhaving

served

only

threeyears.

Thiscould

only

serve

tomakethingsworse.

外刊例句:Onceagain,theJapanesepublicmustbewonderingwhether

politics

onlyservesto

inflict

crueljokesuponthem.()日本民众再一次不得不心生疑问——这些政策是否将反过来变成一堆笑话.

替换表达:Doingsthwillachievenothing,andmayresultinsthinstead.

3.媒体对名人强烈的兴趣所带来的一个问题是它转移了读者的注意力,使得他们无法关注更加重要的事情.除了在一些媒体被严格管控的国家,名人的故事经常占据大量新闻版面.即使很容易获得更有意义的新闻,许多人还是被名人的故事所吸引.结果,人们没能对社会问题有一个全面的了解,比如涉及到医疗、教育和环保的问题等.Oneproblemwiththemedia'skeeninterestincelebritiesisthatit

diverts(1.转移)people'sattentionfrommoreimportantissues.Exceptincountriesinwhichthemediaaretightlyregulated,celebritystoriesoften

receivedisproportionatenewscoverage(2.占据大量新闻版面).Eventhoughitisstilleasytoobtainmoresignificantnews,manypeopleareallured

(3.被……吸引)bycelebritystories.Asaresult,theydonot

getafullpictureof(4.对……有全面的了解)societalissues,suchasthoserelatingtohealthcare,educationandtheenvironment.

1-divertdivert在表示转移人的注意力时,通常采用的是间接的方式.

词典释义:divertUK

[daɪ'vɜ:t]

US

[dɪ'vɝ:t]

verb

transitive

TAKEATTENTION

AWAY

转移注意力

■totakesomeone'sattentionawayfromsomething

分散,转移(注意力)•Thewarhas

diverted

attention

(away)

from

thecountry'seconomicproblems.战争转移了人们对国家经济问题的关注.

外刊例句:Demonstrators

areatiresomelot.Theyblockstreetsandclogtraffic,costingotherpeople

timeandmoney;they

divertpolice

attention,drainingbudgetsandperhapshelpingcriminals.()示威者真是令人厌烦.他们封锁街道,堵塞交通,浪费别人的时间和金钱;他们分散公众注意力,浪费财政预算,甚至可能滋生犯罪.替换表达:

学生错误表达:(1)

Transferreaders’

attention点评:动宾搭配不当,transfer含义是"搬运,转移”,后面的宾语一般是实物,不能用来指转移注意力.

2-receivedisproportionatenewscoveragedisproportionate直译为"不成比例的”,在句子中使用时,根据上下文的情景可以体现出"比例太大/太小的”,所以想要表达"比例太大/太小”时就直接可以用这个词.

词典释义:disproportionate

UK

[ˌdɪs.prə'pɔ:.ʃən.ət]

US

[-'pɔ:r-]

adjective

■toolargeortoosmallincomparisontosomethingelse,

ornotdeservingitsimportanceorinfluence

不成比例的;不相称的;不协调的;太大(或太小)的

•Therearea

disproportionate

number

ofgirls

intheclass.这个班里女孩的人数特别多.•Thecountry'sgreatinfluenceintheworldis

disproportionate

to

itsrelativelysmallsize.该国在世界上的巨大影响力与其相对较小的面积有些不相称.

coverageUK

['kʌv.ər.ɪdʒ]

US

[-ɚ-]

noun

uncountable

REPORT

报道

ADVANCED

■thereportingofaparticularimportanteventorsubject

新闻报道•WhatdidyouthinkoftheBBC'selection

coverage?

对英国广播公司的大选报道你怎么看?

外刊例句:This

disproportionate

mediacoverage

offringeclimatecontrariansisaproblemknownas"false

balance,”andhasplaguednotonlypoliticallyconservativemediaoutlets,

butalsopurportedlyneutralnewsorganizationsliketheBBC.

()对非主流的气候变化否定份子的这些不成比例的报道体现了为人熟知的"虚假平衡”问题,而且这不仅困扰着那些政治保守媒体,甚至影响着一些像BBC等致力于保持政治中立的媒体.替换表达:unequal、unreasonable、toomuch

学生错误表达:(1)

takeupalot

ofnews点评:takeup一般指占据时间、精力和空间等,用在这里不合适.(2)

occupya

largenumberof/alotofnewslayout点评:用词不当.Layout是指"版面编排,版面设计”,occupyalargenumberof/alotofnewslayout不能用来指新闻占据的版面大.(3)

occupylarge

volumesofnews/alargepartofnewspaperisoccupiedby点评:搭配不当,occupy一般指占据时间或空间,不能和news/newspaper搭配.

3-bealluredbyallure的程度要比attract深,除了表示中性的"吸引”,还能表示使用负面手段的"引诱”.

词典释义:allurev.(动词)allured,alluring,alluresv.tr.(及物动词)Toattractwithsomethingdesirable;entice:诱惑;引诱:Promisesofquickprofits

alluretheunwaryinvestor.能很快收得到利润的承诺吸引了心存侥幸的投资者r.(不及物动词)Tobehighly,oftensubtlyattractive:吸引,诱惑:高度地,常常是微妙地吸引:charmsthatstillallure.仍然有吸引力的魅力

外刊例句:Werethesebohemianrooftop-dwellersmerely"ur-hipsters”,

orantediluvianbeatniks,

alluredby

theaestheticsofself-inducedpoverty?()这些放荡不羁的屋顶居民仅仅是"嬉皮士”,或是沉醉于自我引发的贫困美学的过气披头士呢?

替换表达:tempt/attract/entice/lure

4-getafullpictureof

词典释义:pictureUK

['pɪk.tʃər]

US

[-tʃɚ]

noun

IDEA

想法

ESSENTIAL

onlysingular

■(anideaof)asituation

情况;局面;事态

•Afterwatchingthenews,Ihadaclearer

pictureof

whatwashappening.看完新闻后,我进一步了解到当时发生的事.•The

picture

emerginginreportsfromthebattlefieldisoneofcompleteconfusion.据报道,战场上的局面一片混乱.

外刊例句:Unfortunately,DfID'saccountsareextremelymessy,and

it'sdifficultto

getafullpicture

of

whereexactlyUKaidmoneygoes.

()不幸的是,DfID系统的记录极度混乱,难以完整准确地呈现出英国捐助基金的钱花在了哪些地方.

替换表达:getathorough/proper/fullunderstanding/knowledgeof

something

学生错误表达:(1)

haveall

aroundunderstandingof点评:没有allaround

understanding的搭配,这里可以改为haveafullunderstandingof

Q:请问relatedto与relatingto有什么区别?A:当表示"有关,涉及”这一层含义时,relatedto/relatingto可以互换.但relatedto除此之外还有其他含义"表示亲戚关系的”,例如:Imight

berelatedtohim.我和他可能有亲戚关系.

Q:是不是incountriesinwhich可以用countries

whereA:是的,这里inwhich和where可以互换.

Q:第二句话开头,如果是Exceptincountriesinwhichthemediaaretightly

regulated,把第一个in去掉,是不是可以,我觉得这样更通顺.A:这里第一个in不可以去掉,因为句子还原后是:Except

incountriesinwhichthemediaaretightlyregulated,celebritystories

oftenreceivedisproportionatenewscoverage(inothercountries).

Q:老师,我搞不太清楚这个句子的结构:Onproblemwiththemedia'skeen

interestincelebritiesisthatisdivertspeople'sattention.我猜想on应该是one,然后第二个is为it.A:是的,你的理解没问题,这里系统出了点问题.

Q:社会问题问什么不是socialissues,而是societal

issues?在字典中只查到了socialissues这个说法A:socialissues或者societal

issues都可以,两者可以互换.

Oneproblemwiththemedia'skeeninterestincelebrities

isthatitdivertspeople'sattentionfrommoreimportantissues.

[分析]本句的主干是Oneproblem…isthat…,这是一个主系表结构,主语是Oneproblemwith

themedia'skeeninterestincelebrities,其中介词短语with

themedia'skeeninterestincelebrities作定语,修饰One

problem,表语是that引导的名词性从句,在that定语从句中,it是主语,指代themedia'skeeninterestin

celebrities,diverts是谓语,people's

attention是宾语,frommoreimportantissues是状语.

4.媒体机构要意识到过分强调名人新闻会弊大于利,并因此尽他们最大努力去限制名人报道以及对报道负责任,这一点很重要.Itisimportantthatmediaorganizationsrecognizethat

anoveremphasison

(1.过分强调)celebritynewscan

domoreharmthangood

(2.弊大于利)and,

accordingly(3.因此),dotheirbesttoexerciserestraintandresponsibilityincelebrityreporting.

1-anoveremphasison

词典释义:overemphasis

1.N-SING

单数名词

过分强调;过分注重

Ifyousaythatthereis

anoveremphasison

a

particularthing,youmeanthatmoreimportanceorattentionisgiventoit

thanisnecessary.

【搭配模式】:alsonodet•Heattributedtheparty'slackofsuccesstoan

overemphasis

onideologyandideas.他将该党的失败归因于过分强调意识形态和理念.

外刊例句:ButIcan’ttellyouhowmanyconversationsI’minwith

educatorswhoareunderstandablystressedandconcernedabout

anoveremphasison

testinginsome

placesandhowmuchtimetestingandtestpreparetakingfrominstruction.”

()

但我难以告诉你我和那些教育家聊了多少次.这些教育家多次清晰地强调某些地区过度强调考试和考试准备占用教学的时间,并对此感到担忧.

替换表达:overemphasizingsomething/placingtoomuchemphasisonsomething

学生错误表达:(1)

overstate点评:overstate是指某事物被过分夸大,例如:Theimpactofthenewlegislationhasbeengreatlyoverstated.新立法的影响被大大夸大了.Overstate不可以用来指过分强调某事.

2-domoreharmthangood"对某事来说弊大于利”还可以表达为"dosomethingmoreharmthangood”.

词典释义:UK

[hɑ:m]

US

[hɑ:rm]

noun

uncountable

domoreharmthangood

■tobedamagingand

nothelpful

弊大于利•Gettinginvolvedatthisstagewoulddomore

harm

thangood.在这个阶段涉入此事弊大于利.

外刊例句:Mandatory

quotas

domoreharmthangood.But

firmsshouldmakeworkmorefamily-friendly.()强制配额弊大于利.然而公司应该让工作更加有家庭亲和力.

替换表达:Thenegativesofsomethingoutweighthepositives

学生错误表达:(1)

the

disadvantagesoutlived点评:用词不当,outlive是指"比……活得久”,这里应该改为thedisadvantagesofsomethingoutweighitsadvantages

3-accordinglyaccordingly作为"所以”的含义多用于句首.

词典释义:accordingly

●●○○○1.ADV

副词

因此;于是

Youuse

accordingly

tointroduceafactorsituationwhichisaresultorconsequence

ofsomethingthatyouhavejustreferredto.

【搭配模式】:usuADVwithcl•Wehaveadifferentbackground,adifferenthistory.

Accordingly,wehavetherighttodifferentfutures...我们有不同的背景和不同的历史.因此,我们有权拥有不同的未来.•Theworkforcehaverecentlybeencallingfortheirworking

hourstobereduced.Manycompanieshave

accordingly

switchedtoafive-dayweek.工人们最近一直在呼吁缩短工作时间.许多公司于是转成了一周五天工作制.

外刊例句:Accordingly,onlya

footballteamwillnecessarilychartyourlifefrombeginningtoend,and

it'sonlyafootballteamwhosehistorynecessarilybecomesyourhistory.()因此,只有一直足球队会陪伴你一生,其历史必然记录了你的一生.替换表达:consequently/asaresult/therefore/thus

Q:老师你好,我在同义词辨析词典里看到accordingly前不可以用逗号,自己也搜索了一些句子,有一些是句号和分号.所以想跟您确认一下.A:这个用法是没问题的,语料库上可以找到很多权威例证,例如《卫报》上的句子:InPuel’s

previousjobheinspiredNicetosurpassexpectationswithmuchpizzazz.At

SouthamptonhegenerallyfailedtodothatdespitetheEFLCupexploits

and,ac

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