（高考英语作文炼句）第18篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.名人隐私是个有意思的话题.一方面他们的全部生活和事业都基于他们的受关注度和热心崇拜者们的爱慕.另一方面,他们也和其他人一样,渴望自己能避开那些窥视的目光.Thequestionoftheprivacyofcelebritiesisaninterestingone.Ontheonehandtheirentirelivesandcareersarebasedonbeing

inthespotlight

(1.备受关注的)andonadorationfromtheir

enthusiasticdevotees(2.热心崇拜者).Ontheotherhand,likeeveryotherindividual,theyalso

longfor

(3.渴望)keepingthemselves

awayfrompryingeyes(4.避开那些窥视的目光).

1-beinthespotlight

词典释义：spotlightUK

['spɒt.laɪt]

US

['spɑ：t-]

noun

countable

(UK

informal

spot)

■(acircleofstronglightwhichissentfrom)alamp

whosebeamcanbedirected

聚光灯;聚光灯照明圈

inthespotlight

■(ofaperson)receivingalotofpublicattention

(人)备受关注的,众受瞩目的•Thesenatorhasbeeninthe

spotlight

recently

sincetherevelationofhistaxfrauds.自从参议员的纳税欺诈行为曝光后,他就成了大众关注的焦点.

外刊例句：Thatwouldbeasignificantandpositiverepudiationofthe

travelbanthatlaunched"TheSalesman”

into

thespotlight.

()这将是这个使"TheSalesman”备受关注的旅游禁令最重要且正面的形象代表.

替换表达：inthelimelight

2-enthusiasticdevotees

词典释义：enthusiastic

UK

[ɪnˌθju：.zi'æs.tɪk]

US

[-ˌθu：-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■showingenthusiasm

热心的;热情的;热衷的

•Youdon'tseemvery

enthusiastic

about

the

party-don'tyouwanttogotonight?

你好像对这个派对不怎么热衷——你今晚不想去了吗?

devotee[ˌdev.ə'ti：]

noun

countable

■apersonwhostronglyadmiresaparticularpersonoris

extremelyinterestedinasubject

(狂热的)崇拜者,爱好者

•Heisagreat

devotee

of

thePrimeMinister.他是首相的狂热崇拜者.•devotees

ofcricket板球爱好者

外刊例句：OneofRaddick'smost

enthusiastic

devotees

isWayneRedhart,apianoteacherandmusicianwhoseoften

absurdreviewsrevealananarchicwit.()维恩·维德哈特是雷迪克最狂热的崇拜者之一;维恩是一名钢琴教师和音乐人,经常做出些荒诞的乐评,显露出一种不虚规蹈矩的智慧.

替换表达：enthusiasts/keenfans/ardentadmirers

3-longforlong作为"渴求”的含义时,可以跟for+名词、可以跟todo、还可以跟that引导的从句.

词典释义：long1.VERB

动词

Seealso：

longing;

渴望;渴求;企盼Ifyoulongforsomething,youwantitvery

much.

【语法信息】：Vforn

【语法信息】：Vto-inf

【语法信息】：Vfornto-inf•Steve

longedforthegoodolddays...史蒂夫渴望重度昔日的美好时光.•I'm

longingtomeether...我渴望见到她.•He

longedforthewintertobeover.他企盼冬天早日过去.

外刊例句：Thatcher’sConservativeParty,whichtookBritaininto

Europefourdecadesago,isdividedbetweenthosewho

longfor

anarm’s-lengthrelationshipandthosewhowanttowalk

out.

()40年前,撒切尔的保守党将英国带进欧盟,如今它已分裂成两派.一派希望同欧盟保持正常的关系,另一派希望推出欧盟.

替换表达：crave

学生错误表达：(1)

Behungryfor点评：behungryfor

something含义是"渴望得到某事”,比如成功、名声等,而在语境中是名人渴望能保护他们的隐私,be

hungryforsomething用在这里不恰当.

4-keepsb/sthawayfrompryingeyes

词典释义：pry[praɪ]

verb

ASKQUESTIONS

问问题

intransitive

disapproving

■totrytofindoutprivatefactsaboutaperson

探听,打听(隐私)•Asareporter,Iwaspaidto

pry

into

other

people'slives.作为一个记者,我拿取报酬去窥探他人的生活.•Ihopeyoudon'tthinkI'm

prying,buthasyour

boyfriendeverlivedwithanyonebefore?

我希望你不会觉得我是在窥探你的私生活——你男朋友以前和甚么人同居过吗?•Shewantedaprivateholiday

awayfromprying

eyes

(=wherenoonewouldbetryingtoseeher).她想过一个属于自己的假期,避开那些刺探的目光.3.

away

frompryingeyes

inprivate,wherepeoplecannot

seewhatyouaredoing私下,避开窥视的目光

外刊例句：To

keep

sensitivebusinessinformationinyouremails

awayfrompryingeyes,youwillneedencryption.

()若想保护邮件中的敏感商业信息免受窥探,你将需要加密程序.替换表达：keepsbfrombeingwatched

学生错误表达：(1)

avoidbeing

snooped点评：snoop是不及物动词,没有besnooped的用法.(2)

avoidpeeping

(peeking)eyes点评：表达不准确,这里可以改为avoid

beingwatched

Q：Ontheonehandtheirentirelivesandcareersare

basedonbeinginthespotlightandonadorationfromtheirenthusiastic

devotees.onadoration前的on是承接basedon吧?这里的on不可以省略么?A：可以省略,但在这里不建议省略.加上on之后句子更好理解,也能避免出现歧义.

Q：对于很多词,自己都是知道也明白他们的用法,但是不知道为什么用的时候就是想不起来,看到答案才有种恍然大悟的感觉,心里说道："对啊,就是这个词,怎么当时就是没想起来呢?”对于这种问题,有没有好的建议或者方法可以改变呢?A：这个其实就是积极词汇与消极词汇的区别,要使消极词汇转化为积极词汇,要设法多接触它们.建议平时可以翻翻一些常用词的词典例句,在学例句的过程中体会它们的用法,另外一个就是多阅读了.可以参考这篇文章：http：///6plXMn

Q：记得life表示生命事是可数名词,如riskedtheir

livestosavethechildren.表示生活是不可数的吧,为啥他们的全部生活和事业是

theirentirelivesandcareers?A：life表示生活时也是可数名词,例如《卫报》例句：But

whiletheirworkhasslippedinandoutofvogue,theirmemoryandtheway

theyconducted

theirlivesandcareers

stillexertsapowerfulallure.

Thequestionoftheprivacyofcelebritiesisan

interestingone.Ontheonehandtheirentirelivesandcareersarebasedonbeinginthespotlightandonadorationfromtheirenthusiasticdevotees.Ontheotherhand,likeeveryotherindividual,theyalsolongforkeeping

themselvesawayfrompryingeyes.

[分析]第一句是主题句：其结构是主系表,主语为The

questionoftheprivacyofcelebrities,表语为an

interestingone,其中one指代question.

第二、三句是扩展句,从两个方面对名人隐私进行论述.第二句是一个被动句,主语是theirentirelivesandcareers,谓语是are

based,谓语之后是两个并列的介词短语作状语,表明名人生活和事业的基础所在.第三句的结构为主谓宾,主语是they,谓语是longfor,宾语是动名词短语keepingthemselvesawayfrompryingeyes,在这个动名词短语中,keeping是谓语,themselves是宾语,awayfrompryingeyes是宾语补足语.

2.调查性新闻报道在社会中起到重要的作用,它能确保那些当权者行为得当,并使人们关注涉及公共利益的事件.Investigativejournalism

(1.调查性新闻报道)playsanimportantroleinsociety,makingsurethoseinpowerbehaveappropriatelyand

drawingattentionto

(2.使人们关注某事)issuesthatare

inthepublicinterest(3.涉及公众利益).

1-Investigativejournalism

词典释义：investigative

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容词

(尤指新闻工作)调查性的

Investigative

work,especiallyjournalism,involvesinvestigatingthings.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn•Thepaperhasearnedrespectforits

investigative

journalism.这份报纸的调查性新闻报道为其赢得了尊敬.

•...an

investigative

reporter.爱寻根究底的记者

journalism

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

Seealso：

chequebookjournalism;

新闻工作;新闻业

Journalism

is

thejobofcollectingnewsandwritingaboutitfornewspapers,magazines,

television,orradio.•Hebeganacareerin

journalism,workingfortheNorthLondonPressGroup...他开始从事新闻工作,为北伦敦报业集团工作.•Itwasanaccomplishedpieceofinvestigative

journalism.这是一个成功的调查研究报道.

外刊例句：MrHersh'sdoggedstyleof

investigativejournalism

hasproducedbrilliantscoops—he

revealedthe1968MyLaimassacreinVietnam,andthisyearintheNewYorker

hedidmuchtouncoverthestoryofAmericantortureatBaghdad'sAbuGhraib

prison.

()荷西先生作为调查性报道记者,其果敢作风给人们带来了众多精彩绝伦的独家报道.他曾揭露过1968年的越南美莱村大屠杀,而他在今年又于纽约客上煞费苦心地披露了美国在巴格达阿布扎比监狱虐待犯人的故事.

2-drawattentiontosth

词典释义：

attention[ə'ten.tʃən]

noun

uncountable

NOTICE

注意

ESSENTIAL

■notice,thoughtorinterest

注意,留心;考虑;关心•Ladiesandgentlemen,couldI

haveyour

attention,

please?

女士们、先生们,请安静.•They'reorganizingacampaignto

draw

people's

attention

to

theenvironmentallyharmfuleffectsofusingtheircars.他们正在组织一场运动,目的是使人们意识到开车对环境造成的危害.•WaitamomentandI'll

give

youmy

full/undivided

attention

(=I'lllistentoandthinkaboutonlyyou).等一下,过一会儿我就可以全神贯注听你说了.•Afteranhour,my

attention

startedto

wander

(=I

stoppedtakingnotice).一小时后,我开始分神了.

外刊例句：DeportationsunderObamawererarelyemphasized;Obama

didn’tbragaboutthemor

draw

attentionto

them.

()在奥巴马总统示意下进行的驱逐甚少受到提及,他也从不以此自夸或是让人们注意到这些事.

替换表达：drawone’seyesto/callattentionto

学生错误表达：(1)

attract

publicattentionto点评：这里应该改为call/drawpublic

attentiontosomething,attract的搭配是attractattention,但不能写attractattentionto

something

3-beinthepublicinterest

Beinthepublicinterest

含义是"为了公众利益”,例如《新概念3》中有一篇课文的标题就是Inthepublicinterest

词典释义：

beinthenational/publicinterest

tobegoodornecessaryforthesafetyor

successofacountryanditspeople为了国家/公众利益：•Ibelieveitisin

thepublicinterestthatthesefactsaremadeknown.我认为是为了公众利益才公布这些真相的.•Itis

inthe

publicinterest

thatthesefactsaremadeknown.公开这些真相是为了公众的利益.▪

in

thepublicinterest

(=helpfulorusefulto

ordinarypeople)

Wehavetoshowthat

publishingthisstoryis

inthepublicinterest.

外刊例句：MsPeevsaidthatit"wouldhavebeenaderilectionof

duty"nottoprintthecomment,andhadsaidintheoriginalarticle

thatit

was

"inthepublicinterest".()佩耶夫女士称,她的评论"这将会是玩忽职守”没有印出来,而且她还说,在最初的文章里,那应该是"为了公众的利益”.

学生错误表达：(1)

aboutpublic

interests点评：publicinterests应该改为publicinterest

Q：涉及公共利益,为何用inthepublicinterest?inthepublic

interest是前边省略了involved吗?可以用on

/aboutthepublicinterest吗?A：inthepublicinterest是一个固定表达,不可以写成on/aboutthepublicinterest

Q：不明白thatareinthepublicinterest,为什么要加一个状语从句呢?不会显得有些冗长吗?A：这里不是状语从句,这是一个定语从句,drawingattentiontoissues,that指代前面提到的issues

3.如果不能接触到国内外时事报道,人们就会处于一种几乎是完全无知的状态,只能依赖口口相传的信息来了解他们生活之外正在发生的事情.Withoutaccesstoreportingof

domesticandinternationalevents(1.国内化时事),peoplewouldbe

inastateof

(2.处于一种……的状态)almostcomplete

ignorance(3.无知),relyingsolelyon

wordofmouth

(4.口口相传)tofindoutwhatishappeningoutsidetheirownlife.

1-domesticandinternationalevents

词典释义：domestic

●●●●○1.ADJ

形容词

Seealso：

grossdomesticproduct;

国内的;本国的

Domestic

politicalactivities,events,andsituationshappenorexist

withinoneparticularcountry.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn•...over100

domestic

flightsadayto15UKdestinations.每天超过100架次国内航班飞往英国境内15个目的地•...salesinthe

domestic

market.国内市场的销售量

外刊例句：Thisisyetanothersymptomofalackofevidence-based

policy.Thereisapick-and-mixapproachtoboth

domesticandinternationalevents

inordertojustify

ideologicallypredeterminedpolicies.

()这又体现了,基于证据支撑的政策正短缺.而对于国内外事情任意处置只求让早已由意识形态决定的政策堂而皇之的举措正大行其道.

学生错误表达：(1)

thedomestic

andforeignnews点评：定冠词the应该去掉(加上the就变成了特指,这与原句子的含义不符)(2)

thecurrent

eventsathomeandabroad点评：定冠词the也要去掉.(3)

majorevents

insideoroutsideofthecountry点评：thecountry在这里指代不明,这里应该改为domesticandinternationalevents(4)

fashionnews

inandoutofcountry点评：fashionnews是指"时尚新闻”,不能用于指时事.

2-beinastateof

词典释义：state[steɪt]

noun

CONDITION

情况

ESSENTIAL

countable

■aconditionorwayofbeingthatexistsataparticular

time

状态;情形;状况•Thebuildingwasin

a

state

of

disrepair.这栋大楼年久失修.•Shewasfoundwanderinginaconfused

state

(ofmind).有人发现她到处游荡,神智恍惚.•Givemethekeys-you'reinnofit

state

todrive.把锁匙给我——你状态不佳,不能开车.•AftertheaccidentIwasina

state

ofshock.事故之后,我惊魂未定.•Icamehometoanunhappy

state

ofaffairs

(=situation).我回到家时,心情十分沉重.

外刊例句：TheTurkish-backedadministrationinnorthernCyprus

proclaimedindependencein1983butithasbeenrecognisedonlybyTurkeyand

remainsinastateof

partial

economicisolation.

()塞浦路斯北部由土耳其支持的政权于1983年宣布独立,但只有土耳其认可其独立性,而且该政权一直处于部分经济孤立状态.

替换表达：bebroughtintoastateof

学生错误表达：(1)

stayinstate点评：state在这里是可数名词单数,这里应该改为beinastateof(2)

atthestage

of点评：atthestage是"处于一个……的阶段”,例如：Theiryoungestchildis

at

thestage

whereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.他们最小的孩子目前所处的阶段是会说单个的词,但还不会说整句话.(3)

ina

condition点评：inacondition侧重于指处于某一个物理状态,例如身体状态,环境状态等.例如：Oneofthevictimswas

ina

criticalcondition

aftersufferingsevereburns.其中有一名受害者被严重烧伤,情况很危急.不可以用来指人的精神状态.

3-ignorance

词典释义：ignoranceUK

['ɪg.nər.ənts]

US

[-nɚ-]

noun

uncountable

■lackofknowledge,understandingorinformationabout

something

无知,愚昧•Public

ignorance

about

thediseaseisstill

acauseforconcern.公众对这个疾病的无知仍是一个令人担忧的问题.•Patients,itisclaimed,werekept/left

in

ignorance

of

whatwaswrongwiththem.据称,病人被蒙在鼓里,对于自己得了甚么病还毫不知情.

外刊例句：Butanygoodjournalist,likeHerodotushimself,isdriven

onbyanawarenessofhisownshocking

ignorance.

()任何像希罗多德这样的优秀记者都是因为意识到自身极大的愚昧无知而奋发向前.

替换表达：beignorant

学生错误表达：(1)

innocence点评：单词误用,innocence是"无罪;天真”,不可以与ignorance混淆.

4-wordofmouth

词典释义：26.PHRASE

短语

(由)口头

Ifnewsorinformationpassesby

wordofmouth,peopletellittoeachotherratherthanitbeingprintedinwrittenform.

【搭配模式】：oftby/throughPHR•Thestoryhasbeenpasseddownby

word

ofmouth.这个故事是口头流传下来的.

外刊例句：There'snobetterpublicitythan

wordofmouth.Companiesknowthis,andmanyhavelaunched

"recommendafriend"schemes.

()群众的众口相传是最好的宣传手段.公司都深知这点,所以他们大多都设立"向你朋友推荐”计划.

学生错误表达：(1)

mouthto

mouth点评：表达不准确,mouth-to-mouth是指"人工呼吸”,不可以用来指新闻口口相传.(2)

fromtongue

totongue点评：表达不准确,没有from

tonguetotongue这个用法.(3)

passingfrom

peopletopeople点评：没有表达出"口头相传”这一层含义.

Q：frommouthtomouth可以在这里用吗in

thestateof和inastateof应该都可以的吧?A：不可以.mouthtomouth是指"人工呼吸”,不能用来指信息口口相传.Inastateofsomething是一个固定说法,不可以写成inthe

stateofsomething

Q：口口相传wordofmouth：词典里查出来的用法都是V.+bywordofmouthA：也有其他用法的,不局限于词典,例如《卫报》例句：Almost70%ofcharitiesrely

onword-of-mouthtorecruitnewtrustees,asurveyof1,400charities

revealed.

4.当人们经常被谋杀事件和其他恶性犯罪的报道轰炸时,他们就会很自然地觉得这些犯罪很普遍,尽管这些犯罪在统计上极不常见.这会导致多疑、悲观,以及社会中普遍的信任缺失.Whenpeople

arebombardedwith

(1.被……轰炸)storiesofmurdersandotherseriouscrimes

onaroutinebasis(2.经常),itisnaturalthattheyfeeltheseeventsarecommonplace,evenif

statistically

(3.在统计上)theyarehighlyuncommon.Thiscanleadto

paranoia(4.多疑),pessimismandagenerallackoftrustinsociety.

1-bebombardedwith

词典释义：bombardUK

[bɒm'bɑ：d]

US

[bɑ：m'bɑ：rd]

verb

transitive

Phrasal

Verbs

bombard

sbwithsth

■todirectsomanythingsatsomeone,especiallytoask

themsomanyquestions,thattheyfinditdifficulttodealwiththem

拿…围攻(某人);(尤指)向(某人)大量提问•Thechildren

bombarded

herwithquestions.孩子们连珠炮似地问了她许多问题.

外刊例句：Businesses

are

bombardedwith

adviceonstrategy.Manygurusurgethemtodiscovera

"blueocean”wheretheycanswimwithoutcompetition.()商业界充斥着大量战略建议,无数"大师”催促公司去开拓"蓝色海洋”,那是一片能让他们逃离竞争自在畅游的海域.

学生错误表达：(1)

bomb点评：bomb是字面意义上的"轰炸”,这里应该改为bombard(2)

arealways

occupiedby点评：beoccupiedby

something是指时间精力被某事情占据,例如：Muchofourtimeisoccupied

byansweringquestionsfromourcustomers.我们大部分时间都花在回到顾客问题上.不能用来指"被(新闻)轰炸”.

2-onaroutinebasis

《英语常用词疑难用法手册》：ona...basis这个词组在英语是十分惯用的,一般相当于将填入的形容词化为副词,已经没有什么"基础”的意思了.【例如】onatemporarybasis暂时地/onaregular

basis正规地/onacase-by-casebasis采取个案方式/onanexclusivebasis采取独家方式/ona

first-come-first-servebasis采取先到先办的方式/onan

autodidacticbasis采取自学方式/onacompetitivebasis通过竞争/onanurgentbasis以加急速度/ona

ceremonialbasis作为仪式/Anotherversionofthis

surgerycannowbedoneonanoutpatientbasis.这种外科手术现在还有另外一种以门诊方式进行的办法.basis还可以指"基本的状况或关系框架”.【例如】Theyhadswumto

afirst-namebasisafterthesecondroundofdrinks,andthiswasthefourth.

他们俩酒过两巡,就已经互相用名字称呼,而现在他们喝的已经是第四巡酒了.

词典释义：routine

●●●○○2.ADJ

形容词

例行的;常规的;惯常的

Youuse

routine

todescribeactivitiesthataredoneasanormalpartofajobor

process.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn•...aseriesof

routine

medicaltests...一系列常规的医疗检查•Theoperatorhastobeabletocarryout

routine

maintenanceofthemachine.操作员必须能对机器进行日常维护.

外刊例句：Neither

operation,thedepartmentofhealthsays,shouldbecarriedout

onaroutinebasis.()健康部门称,没有手术可按惯常进行.

3-statistically

词典释义：statisticallyadv

withrespecttostatisticsthisis

statistically

impossibleUSAGEEXAMPLESButitturnsoutthat2014hasn'tactuallybeena

statistically

worseyearthanmanyofthoseintherecentpast.The

Verge(Dec29,2014)Cutler,onceagain,hasbeenasourceof

frustrationforChicagoeventhoughheisinsomerespectshavinghisbestseason

statistically.WashingtonTimes(Dec24,2014)Statistically

his

actionfavorsoneraceovermanyotherssoit'sillegal,orareyougoingto

cherrypickthatargumentt