（高考英语作文炼句）第28篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.今天,大多数学生都知道我们的星球面临环境挑战.年轻人懂得削减能源消耗以及减少浪费是遏制气候变化、防止能源短缺的必要措施.Moststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanet.Youngpeopleunderstandthat

cuttingdownonenergyuse

(1.削减能源消耗)anddecreasingwastearenecessarystepstowards

curbingclimatechange

(2.遏制气候变化)and

preventingenergyshortages(防止能源短缺).

1-cutdownonenergyusecutdownon意为减少使用,后面还可以跟intake、smoking、waste等.

词典释义：cutdown1.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

削减;减少使用

Ifyou

cutdownon

somethingor

cut

down

something,youuseordolessofit.

【语法信息】：VPonn

【语法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【语法信息】：VP

【语法信息】：AlsoVnP•He

cutdown

oncoffeeandcigarettes,andateabalanceddiet...他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了,饮食也均衡了.

•Carownerswereaskedto

cutdowntravel...要求车主们减少驾车出行的次数.•Ifyouspendmorethanyourincome,canyoutrytocutdown?

如果你入不敷出,可以试着减少开支吗?

外刊例句：EhsanToreini,asecurityexpertattheUniversityof

Newcastle,andhiscolleagues,describeawaytoturnthatrandomnessintoa

"fingerprint”thatisuniquetoanygivensheetofpaper.(Insecurityjargon

afingerprintisanyunique,identifyingpattern,notjustonefroma

finger).Thatcould,theyhope,helpto

cut

downon

fraud.()艾萨·托雷尼是纽卡斯尔大学的安全学专家,他与同事描述了一种使每张纸具有的独特"指纹”具有随机性的方法(这里的"指纹”在安全学内是指独特的认真模式,而非手指纹).他们希望这样能减少诈骗发生.

替换表达：reduce/decrease

2-curbclimatechange词典释义：curbUK

[kɜ：b]

US

[kɝ：b]

verb

transitive

ADVANCED

■tocontrolorlimitsomethingthatisnotwanted

控制;限制,约束;抑制•TheGovernmentshouldactto

curb

taxevasion.政府应该采取行动抑制逃税.

curb

●●○○○1.VERB

动词

控制;抑制;限定;约束

Ifyou

curb

something,youcontrolitandkeepitwithinlimits.

【语法信息】：Vn【语法信息】：beV-ed【搭配模式】：oftNonn•...advertisementsaimedat

curbingthespreadofAids...旨在控制艾滋病传播的广告•Inflationneedstobe

curbed

inRussia.俄罗斯需要抑制通货膨胀.Curb

isalsoanoun.•Hecalledformuchstrictercurbsonimmigration.他呼吁对移民采取更严格的限制措施.

外刊例句：Tillersonhasclaimedtosupportarevenue-neutralcarbon

tax–abipartisansolutionthatinadditiontohelping

curbclimatechange

anditsdamages,wouldhaveamodestly

beneficialdirectimpactontheeconomy.

()蒂勒森宣布支持该局部炭排放税——这项两党达成共识的解决方案,不仅能有助于抑制气候变化及其破坏,还能给经济带来一定好处.

替换表达：prevent/reduceclimatechange

学生错误表达：(1)

Suppressclimate

change点评：suppress可以表示"抑制(生长、发展、起作用等)”,例如：Thevirussuppressesthebody'simmunesystem.这种病毒抑制身体的免疫系统.但不可以用suppress来修饰climatechange,这里可以改为常见说法curbclimatechange(2)

Restrain

climatechange点评：restrain一般指"抑制,控制(增长太多的东西)”,例如restrainspending/inflation/corruption,不能用restrain修饰climatechange

3-preventenergyshortages

词典释义：prevent[prɪ'vent]

verb

transitive

ESSENTIAL

■tostopsomethingfromhappeningorsomeonefromdoing

something

阻止,妨碍;预防•Labelyoursuitcasesto

prevent

confusion.在你的手提箱上贴上标签以防搞混.•[+

-ing

verb]Hisdisability

prevents

him

(from)

driving.他有残疾,不能开车.

shortageUK

['ʃɔ：.tɪdʒ]

US

['ʃɔ：r.tˌɪdʒ]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■whenthereisnotenoughofsomething

缺乏,缺少•There'sa

shortage

of

foodandshelterin

therefugeecamps.难民营里缺少足够的食物和住处.•Thelonghotsummerhasledtoseriouswater

shortages.这个夏天漫长而炎热,导致严重缺水.

例句：Thenewbodywouldoverseelargeenergyconsumerslimiting

theirconsumptionandwouldorderpowerstationstoincreasetheiroutputto

tryto

preventenergyshortages.()该新组织将监控大型能源消耗者的能源消耗限制,命令发电站加大产出,以避免能源短缺.

替换表达：alleviate/ease/tackleenergyshortages

Q：Moststudentstodayareawareoftheenvironmental

challengesfacingourplanet.如果过直译就是：环境问题面对我们的星球,但是实际上词典里面face后面都是接问题：theproblemsfacedbyone-parent

families单亲家庭面对的问题Thecompanyisfacingafinancial

crisis.公司正面临财政危机.She'sfacedwithadifficult

decision.她眼前有一项难作的决定.It'snotalwayseasytoface

thetruth.承认事实并不总是一件容易的.②sthfacesomeone和someonefacesth都是正确的?这两种用法是不是没有区别?A：somethingfacessomeone/someonefacessomething这两种用法都正确,而且没有区别.在麦克米伦词典中我们可以找到这样的例句：

(1)

Howtocombineacareerandchildrenisadilemma

facing

manywomen.(2)

Manyoftheshipyardworkers

face

losingtheirjobs.

Q：请教老师："Youngpeopleknowingtocutenergyconsumption

andtoreducewasteisnecessarytocurbclimatechangeandpreventenergy

shortages.”这句话是否存在语法错误?是否表达了原文的意思.A：这句话有问题,因为句子主干变成了：Youngpeopleisnecessarytocurb

climatechange…可以改为：Youngpeopleknowthatcuttingenergyconsumptionandreducing

wastearenecessarytocurbclimatechangeandpreventenergyshortages.

建议重新复习下语法书中关于句法的知识,避免写句子的时候出现句法错误.

2.高浪费会导致能源损耗以及环境恶化.我们要尽我们的职责来应对地球面临的环境挑战.Highwastelevels(1.高浪费)contributeto

energydepletion

(2.能源损耗)and

environmentaldegradation(3.环境恶化).Weshould

doourpart

(4.尽我们的职责)torespondtotheenvironmentalchallengesfacingourplanet.

1-highwastelevels

词典释义：lev·el

/

ˈlɛvl

;

ˈlevəl

/nounC

1.

AMOUNT

数量,theamountordegreeof

something,comparedtoanotheramountordegree数量;水平,水准,程度：

[+

of

]•Increasedsupplies

areneededtomeetthelevelofdemand.要增加供应以满足需求量.▪

high/lowlevel

Dolphins

showahighlevelofintelligence.

海豚显示出很高的智力水平.•Inflationdropped

toitslowestlevelin30years.通货膨胀降到了30年来的最低值.•Atthemoment,

publicinterestisatahighlevel.目前,民众的关心程度处在一个很高的水平.

waste[weɪst]

noun

BADUSE

使用不当

IMPROVER

[SorU]

■anunnecessaryorwronguseofmoney,substances,time,

energy,abilities,etc

浪费;滥用•Thatmeetingachievedabsolutelynothing-itwas

a

complete

waste

oftime.那次会议根本没有取得甚么成果——纯粹是浪费时间.•She'sbeenunemployedfortwoyearsandit'ssuch

a

waste

of

hertalents.她已经失业两年了,这纯粹是浪费她的才华.•Mymothercouldn'tbear

waste

-shealwaysmadeus

eateverythingonourplates.我母亲不能容忍浪费——她总是让我们吃光自己碟子里的所有东西.

外刊例句：Inwealthycountries,therearelowlevelsofunintentional

lossesbut

highlevelsof"food

waste”,

whichinvolvesfoodbeingthrownawaybyconsumersbecausethey

havepurchasedtoomuch,orbyretailerswhorejectfoodbecauseofexacting

aestheticstandards.

()在发达国家,意外浪费甚少,而食物浪费却十分严重,原因在于：顾客买太多了就会扔掉一些食物,而商家也会因为食物不符合其严格美观要求而扔掉一些.

替换表达：toomuchwaste

学生错误表达：(1)

highwaste点评：一般没有highwaste的说法,可以改为highwastelevels

2-energydepletion

词典释义：depletion[dɪ'pli：.ʃən]

noun

[SorU]

■(a)reduction

减少;减小;缩小

•the

depletion

of

theozonelayer臭氧层变薄•Increasedexpenditurehascauseda

depletion

in

ourcapital/funds.开支增加使我们的资本／资金减少了.

外刊例句：ThealliancesaidthestudyfoundthattheBatesonreport's

interpretationofdeerphysiologywasfactuallyunsoundandhadledtoerroneous

conclusionsaboutmuscledamage,

energy

depletion

andtheoverallstressofahunteddeer.

()该团体称,研究发现：巴蒂森分析鹿的生理研究报告与事实不符,带来了一堆错误结论,这些结论关于肌肉损伤、能量消耗,以及遭捕杀的鹿所感受的压力.

替换表达：overuseofenergy

3-environmentaldegradation

词典释义：environmental

●●●●○1.ADJ

形容词

自然环境保护的;生态环境保护的;环保的

Environmental

meansconcerned

withtheprotectionofthenaturalworldofland,sea,air,plants,and

animals.

【搭配模式】：ADJn•...economicand

environmental

legislation.经济和生态环境保护法规

•...the

environmental

claimsbeingmadeforsomeproducts...要求一些产品注重保护生态环境的主张•Environmentalgroupsplantostagepublicprotestsduring

theconference.环境保护组织计划在会议期间组织公众抗议活动.

degradation

[ˌdeg.rə'deɪ.ʃən]

noun

uncountable

■whenthebeautyorqualityofsomethingisdestroyedor

spoilt

玷污;损害,危害•environmental

degradation环境恶化

例句：Iran’scriticalwatercrisisisanothermarkof

environmentaldegradation.Lakeand

riversaredryingout.LakeUrmia,oncethelargestsaltlakeintheMiddle

East,isnearlygone.

()伊朗的严重水危机又一次印证着环境恶化.江河湖泊都在干涸.乌尔米湖曾经是中东地区最大的咸水湖,现在也快要干涸了.

替换表达：environmentaldeterioration

4-doourpart

词典释义：partOne'sresponsibility,duty,orobligation;share：

职责,义务：某人的责任、职责或义务;份额：Weeachdoourparttokeep

thehouseclean.我们各尽其职以保持房屋的清洁one'sshareorallottedtask(asinanaction)

：

duty

<onemustdo

one's

part>

外刊例句：Thepresidencyisarelayrace,requiringeachofusto

doourpart

tobringthecountry

closertoitshighestaspirations.

()总统一职和接力比赛无异,需要我们每位尽己所能让全体国民回到意气风发之时.

替换表达：doourduty/bit,takeonourresponsibility

Q：高浪费英语顺序Highwastelevels,水平一定排在最后吗?②highwastelevels可不可以直接用Highwaste表示高浪费,level在这里是要补充汉语中隐含的高浪费程度的含义吗?A：这是level的一种常见用法,noun+levels表示某事物的数量、程度等很高,例如：noise/pollution/price/wage/incomelevels;不可以直接用highwaste来表示高浪费.

3.政府应对能源短缺最基本的方法就是更好地教育公众,特别是年轻一代,关于节能的重要性.这样可以确保现在的孩子知道形势的严峻性,长大后成为具有环保意识的成年人.Themostbasicwayinwhichagovernmentcanaddresstheenergyshortageistobettereducatethepublic,particularlytheyoungergeneration,abouttheimportanceof

conservingenergy(1.节能).Thiswillensurethatthechildrenoftodayareawareofthe

gravity

(2.严峻性)ofthesituationandgrowuptobe

environmentally-conscious

(3.具有环保意识的)adults.

1-conserveenergy

词典释义：conserveverb

transitive

UK

[kənˈsɜːv]

US

[-ˈsɜ˞ːv/

■tokeepandprotectsomethingfromdamage,changeor

waste

保护;保藏;保存;保留;节约•To

conserve

electricity,wearecuttingdownonour

centralheating.为了省电,我们在减少中央供热.•Thenationalistsareverykeento

conserve

their

customsandlanguage.民族主义者非常热衷于保留他们的习俗和语言.•I'mnotbeinglazy-I'mjust

conserving

my

energy/strength

forlater.我不是在偷懒——我只是在为以后保存精力／体力.

外刊例句：Puttingtheimpactofsavingenergyinhumanterms,for

example,canhelptoencourageotherstaffto

conserveenergy.

()比如,以人类角度来谈节约能源的影响,有助于鼓励其他员工节约能源.

替换表达：energyconservation

学生错误表达：(1)

cutting

energy点评：没有cuttingenergy的说法,只有cuttingenergyuse,这里建议改为energy

conservation

2-gravity

词典释义：gravityUK

['græv.ɪ.ti]

US

[-ə.tˌi]

noun

uncountable

SERIOUS

严重

■seriousness

严重性•Idon'tthinkyouunderstandthe

gravity

ofthe

situation.我认为你没有明白到局势的严重性.

外刊例句："Youdon'trealisethe

gravity

ofthesituation…”beganMrTrichet.ButhewascutoffbytheFrench

president,NicolasSarkozy,whointerjected,oneFrenchmantoanother："Perhaps

youspeaktobankers.We,weareanswerabletoourcitizens.”

()特里谢开始说,"你只是没注意到问题的严重性…….”但他随后遭到法国总统萨科齐插话.身为法国人的萨科齐对另一位同是法国人的特谢里说道："也许你是在向银行家发话,但我们却该对全体国民负责.”

替换表达：seriousness/severity/significance

学生错误表达：(1)

strict

situation点评：strict是指"严格的”,不可以用来修饰situation(2)

thedepthof

ourpresentsituation点评：depth是指"深度”,不可以用来指事物的严重性,这里可以改为thegravityofthepresentsituation(3)

parlousstate点评：parlousstate一般的用法是beinaparlousstate,例如：Thecountry's

policeforcewasinaparlousstatein1990.1990年该国的警察部队危机重重.短语用在这里不妥.

3-environmentally-conscious

词典释义：environmentally

UK

[ɪnˌvaɪrənˈment(ə)li]

US

US

[ɪnˌvaɪərnˈment(ə)li]

adverb★

inaway

thataffectstheenvironmentorisrelatedtoit

Everybodyhassomescopefordoingtheir

jobinamoreenvironmentallyresponsibleway.

alessenvironmentallydamagingscheme

consciousUK

['kɒn.tʃəs]

US

['kɑ：n-]

adjective

NOTICING

意识到

beconsciousofsth/sb

IMPROVER

■tonoticethataparticularthingorpersonexistsoris

present

意识到;察觉到;感觉到•Thetoothdoesn'texactlyhurt,butI'm

conscious

ofit(=Icanfeelit)allthetime.牙齿并不痛,可是我总觉得不舒服.•[+

-ing

verb]Ithinkshe'svery

conscious

ofbeing

theonlypersonintheofficewhodidn'thaveauniversity

education.我想她对于自己是办公室里唯一没有受过大学教育的人这一点很敏感.•[+

that]Hegraduallybecame

conscious

(of

thefact)

that

everyoneelsewaswearingasuit.他渐渐意识到其他人都是穿着西装.

外刊例句：Issuessuchasequalpay,

environmentallyconscious

manufacturingprocesses,preventionof

counterfeitgoods,humantrafficking,responsiblefarmingpracticesand

overproductionofgoodsareallattheforefrontofconsumers’mindswhen

makingthesechoices.

()顾客在做出这些决定时,会考虑一系列问题,比如：收入平等、制作工艺是否环保、阻止假货、人口拐卖、耕地负责、以及商品过剩等问题.

替换表达：environmentallyaware

学生错误表达：(1)

environment

awareness点评：没有environment

awareness的说法,应该改为environmentalawareness

Q：不过我不太理解inwhich在这里的用法.A：这里是一个定语从句,Themostbasicwayin

which

agovernmentcanaddresstheenergyshortage…which指代前面的way,句子相当于Agovernmentcanaddressthe

energyshortageinthemostbasicway…

4.政府要确保媒体在鼓励节能措施上发挥积极作用.这可能包括鼓励人们使用自行车而不是汽车的电视宣传活动,或者是通过杂志和报纸文章宣传更好的房屋隔热带来的好处.Thegovernmentcanensurethatthemediaplaysanactiveroleinencouragingtheuseof

energy-efficientpractices(1.节能措施).Thismightinclude

televisioncampaigns

(2.电视宣传活动)topromotetheuseofbicyclesinsteadofcars,ormagazineandnewspaperarticlesonthebenefitsofbetter

homeinsulation(3.房屋隔热).

1-energy-efficientpractices

词典释义：energy-efficient

1.ADJ

形容词

能效高的;高能效的

Adeviceor

buildingthatis

energy-efficient

usesrelativelylittleenergytoprovidethepoweritneeds.•...energy-efficient

lightbulbs.高能效灯泡

•...informationonhowtomakeyourhomemoreenergy

efficient.有关如何提高家庭能效的知识

practice['præk.tɪs]

noun

ACTION

行动

ESSENTIAL

uncountable

■actionratherthanthoughtorideas

实施,实践•Itseemedlikeagoodideabeforewestarted,but

in

practice

itwasadisaster.在我们动手之前这似乎是个好主意,但实际上却是场灾难.•Officially,Robert'sincharge,but

in

practice

Hannahrunstheoffice.据称应该是罗伯特负责办事处的工作,但实际上却是汉娜在管.•Ican'tseehowyourplanisgoingtowork

in

practice.我看不出你的计划在实践中如何行得通.•Howdoyouintendto

put

theseproposals

into

practice,Mohamed?

穆罕默德,你打算如何把这些计划付诸实行?

外刊例句：Participantsstressthatitisnecessarytobewillingto

doanythingandeverythingtogetpeopleexcitedandengagedin

energyefficientpractices.()参与者强调,大家该竭尽所能让普罗大众对节能措施有兴趣,能投身于其中.

替换表达：energy-savingmeasures/energyconservationmeasures

2-televisioncampaigns

词典释义：1b.

aseriesofthingssuchastelevisionadvertisementsor

posters

thattrytopersuadepeopletobuyaproduct

Thecampaignboostedsalesofthejeansby200%.

anadvertising/publicity/marketingcampaign

Acampaignisanyseriesof

actionsoreventsthataremeanttoachieveaparticularresult,likean

advertisingcampaignoftelevisioncommercialsand

Inter