专题5 冠词-【决胜春考】春季高考英语冲刺总复习（广东小高考专用）

专题5冠词一、冠词概述冠词不能单独使用，只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词a／an、定冠词（the）和零冠词（即不使用冠词）。二、基础知识梳理（一）不定冠词：a／an1．含义：不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词，指人或物中的某一个或某一类。2．用法：（1）泛指某人的职业（2）首次提到某人某物（3）表示“每一”的意思，常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前，相当于every。（4）用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前，使其具体化。（5）固定短语中haveagoodtime玩得愉快inahurry匆忙中haveabreak休息forawhile一会儿apairof一双havealook看一下3．a和an的区分a＋辅音音素开头的字母（辅音字母开头）an＋元音音素开头的字母（元音字母开头）【注意】：①注意"U"开头的字母，下列单词前需要用"a"（警惕"U"双面人）usual平常的，European欧洲的，uniform校服useful有用的，university大学，unit单元，one一个口诀：平常的我穿上欧洲的校服去上有用的大学，学了一个单元。②注意"h"开头的字母，下列单词前需要用an（隔"h"打牛）honest诚实的hour小时口诀：诚实的我站了一个小时。即时演练A一、在下列各词前填上a或an。1.tree2.cat3.pupil4.picture5.bee6.rabbit7.apple8.arm9.kitchen10.dog11._orange二、在横线上填上a或an，不需要填的地方画“／”。1.inkbottle2.orangebag3.Englishboy4.red.coat5.nicemilk6.artlesson7.oldman8.coldwater9.bigapple10.smallglass11.beautifulgirl12.longriver（二）定冠词the的用法1．指第二次提到的人或物。Ihaveadogandacat.Thedogisbrownandthecatisyellow.2．特指某人或某物。Theoldmanwiththickglassesismyuncle.3．指淡话双方都知道的人或物。Wouldyoumindturningdowntheradio,Jim?Yourfatherissleeping.4．用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。Thefirst第一；thebest最好5．用于指世界上独一无二的事物。thesun太阳6．在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theYellowRiver黄河7．用于表示方位的名词前。theeast在东方8．用在西方乐器名称的前面。playthepiano弹钢琴9．在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人。theold老年人10．用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。TheWangs王家11．用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。TheGreatWall长城12．在某些固定短语中，需用定冠词。inthemorning在早上bytheway顺带一提（三）零冠词的用法1．名词前已有this，that，these，those，my，your，his，her，our，their，some等限定词时。2．泛指的不可数名词前。meat,rice,water,bread,tea,milk,juice3．在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。Chinese,English,maths,physics,history4．在三餐饭和球类运动名词前。havebreakfast/lunch/supper,playbasketball/football5、在季节、节日、星期、月份、年份前。autumn，Teachers'Day，Children'sDay，Sunday，February6．语言和国家名词前。French法语Australia澳大利亚7．固定搭配中inharmony和谐bybus乘公交车即时演练B-填入适当的冠词，或者不填“／”。1.Whatcolourisyourdress?--It'swhite.2.ThisisJack'spen.Thatismypen.3.-Isicecold?--Yes,itis4.TheyarepupilsofhisschoolTheyareinClassone5.It'safineday.Wecanseesuninthesky.6.Thereisanorangeontable.7.Wegotoschoolinmorning.8.ThisisHuangpuPark.It'snearHuangpuRiver.9.Welikesports.Welikeplayingfootballbest.10.TheygotoSummerPalaceonSundays.综合练习：一、在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划／。1.Let'sgooutforwalk.2.IoftenwatchTVinevening.3.Thereispictureofelephant.4.Hejoinedthearmyinspringof1995.5.ChangjiangRiverislongestriverinChina.6.Thereiswomanoverthere.womanismymother.7.Thisis_secondtimeIhavebeenhere.8.Helikesplayingbasketballaftersupper.9.Thisisusefulbook.I'vereaditforhour.10.LiuXiangwasbornonJuly13,1983.二、单项选择。1.--DoesJimhaveruler?--Yes,hedoes.A.anB.aC./D.some2.Thereisoldbike.oldbikeisMr.Zhao's.A.an;TheB.the;AnC.a;TheD.the;The3.appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway.A.TheB.AC.AnD.Two4..Idon'tlikerain.Look,there'sheavyrainoutside.A.a;aB./;aC.the;theD./5.AtthattimeTomwasone-year-oldbaby.A.aB.anC.theD./6.tigerisfromChina.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;D.The;the7.Wecan'tseesunatnight.A.the;theB.the;C.a;D./;8.horseisusefulanimal.A.A;aB.A;theC.The;aD.The;the9.bookonthetopoftheshelfismine.A.TheB.AC.AnD./10.GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.A.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a11.DoesTomoftenplayfootballafterschool?A./;B./:theC.the;/D.a;/12.Themuseumisquitefar.ItwilltakeyouhalfhourtogettherebybusA.an:-B.an;aC.a:D./;/13.Beijingisbeautifulcity.It'scapitalofChina.A.a:aB.the:theC./;theD.a:the14.Shehaspurplehat.hatiscool.A.a:TheB.an;TheC.an;AD.the;The15.AustraliaisEnglish-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Decidingwhatpresentyoushouldgivesomeoneisnevereasy.Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas1thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson2(receive)thegift.Oneofthe3(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.MsChen__4__(teach)meEnglishsinceJuniorI,andtoshowmy5(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterests6Imademyfinaldecision.ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore7Iworkedpart-timeandboughther8__expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI9__(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.Ilefttheboxwithacardonherdesk,andIwassureshewouldlikethem.10wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn'teatMSG(味精)!答案即时演练A一、填上a／an1.a2.a3.a4.a5.a6.a7.an8.an9.a10.a11.an二、填a／an，或者不填1.an2.an3.an4.a5./6.an6.an8./9.a10．a／不填11.a12.a即时演练B-填入适当冠词1./2./;/3./4./;/;/5.the6.the7./:the8.the;the9./10.the;综合练习一、在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划／。1.a2./;the3.a;an4.the:/5.The;the;6.a;The7.the8.J;/9.a;an10./二、单项选择。1-5BACBA6-10CBAAB11-15AADAB