语法八　构词法课件 2025年中考英语语法专题探究（广西）

考点精讲试题精练链接中考语法八构词法第2部分语法专题探究考点精讲1.合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。类别例子复合名词afternoon,grandfather,classmate,blackboard,newspaper,airplane复合动词underline(在……下画线),upset(使烦恼),sleepwalk(梦游),overcome复合形容词hard-working,warm-hearted,good-looking,worldwide,middle-aged复合副词however,whenever,somewhere,anywhere,downstairs,maybe复合代词everything,nobody,anyone,herself2.派生法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。(1)常见前缀(前缀一般只改变单词词义而不改变其词性)前缀意义例子un-，dis-，il-，

im-，in-，non-“不，非”，表示否定unhappy,uncomfortable,discover(2024.27),disagree,dishonest,disadvantage,illegal(非法的),impossible,impolite,incorrect,inexpensive,non-smoking前缀意义例子mis-表示“错误”misunderstand(误解),mislead(误导),mistakeinter-表示“相互，在……之间”interview,international,Internetre-表示“再，重新”rewrite,return,review,retell(复述)pre-表示“在……之前”preschool(幼儿园),preview(预习)前缀意义例子mini-表示“小”minibus,miniskirt,minicomputersuper-表示“超……”superhero,superstar,superman,supermarketbi-表示“两个，双边的”bicycle,bilingual(双语的)tele-表示“远”telephone,television,telescope(望远镜)(2)常见后缀(后缀一般只改变单词词性而不改变其词义)作用后缀意义例子构成名词-or,-er表示“从事某种职业的人”visitor,actor,writer(2023.34),singer(2023.34)-ess表示“女……，雌……”actress,waitress-ist表示“从事某活动的人”artist,scientist,tourist-ese表示“……国的(人/语言)”Chinese,Japanese作用后缀意义例子构成名词-ion,-tion,-sion表示“行为；状态”pollution(2024.48),invention(2024.48),invitation,pronunciation,competition,decision-ship表示“品质，性质，关系，身份”leadership(领导；领导才能),friendship,relationship-ment表示“……的行为(或结果)”argument,development,agreement作用后缀意义例子构成名词-th构成抽象名词truth,warmth,wealth-y,-ty,-ity构成抽象名词difficulty,safety,ability,reality-ness构成抽象名词，

表示“……的性质或状态”kindness,illness,happiness构成形容词-ful表示“有……性质的，充满……的”harmful(2024.46),helpful(2024.46),useful-y表示“有……特性的”lucky,healthy,cloudy作用后缀意义例子构成形容词-ish表示“带有……特征的”foolish(愚蠢的),childish(孩子气的；幼稚的)-ous表示“具有……性质的；充满……”nervous(2024.51),humorous,dangerous-en表示“由……制成的”wooden(木制的),golden(金质的)-ing表示“使……的”(主语常为物)boring,exciting,interesting,relaxing,surprising作用后缀意义例子构成形容词-ed表示“有……特征的，以……为特征的”(主语常为人)bored(2024.51),excited,interested,relaxed,surprised-al表示“与……有关的”traditional,natural,personal-able表示“(能够)……的；具有……性质的”valuable,comfortable,unforgettable-less表示“没有；无”selfless(无私的),careless,useless-ive,-itive表示“……倾向的；有……性质的”active,creative,sensitive(2023.73)(敏感的),competitive(有竞争力的)作用后缀意义例子构成副词-ly表示“……地”carefully(2024.47),badly(2024.47),quietly(2024.84),actively(2023.55),angrily(2023.55),proudly(2023.76)【注意】friendly,lovely,lively,lonely这四个单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词。3.转化法一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。类别例子名词转化为动词shown．展览；展示→

v．表演；展出handn．手→

v．交给watern．水→

v．浇水动词转化为名词walkv．散步→

n．散步lookv．看→

n．相貌tryv．尝试(做)；努力→

n．尝试；努力形容词转化为名词backadj.后面的→

n．背部；后面lightadj.明亮的→

n．灯blackadj.黑色的→

n．黑色形容词转化为动词slowadj.慢的→

v．(使)放慢速度cleanadj.干净的→

v．使……干净链接中考构词法在选词填空中的应用选词填空题要求考生从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空，其中单词的变形有可能涉及其派生变化。visit

they

big

table

introduce(2022柳州83题选词填空节选)Peoplewillservetheir83._________athomewithtea,fruitsandsnakes．解析：根据“servetheir…athomewithtea,fruitsandsnakes”可知，空格处需填名词。结合备选词可知，visit的名词形式visitor符合语境，考虑到空格处前为their，visitor需要变复数。故填visitors。试题精练一、单项选择1.Ifyoutreateveryonewithkindnessand________，youwillfeelhappy.A．warm B．warmly C．warmth2.Mybrotherhashealthylivinghabits.He________getsupat7amandneverstaysuplate.A．usual B．unusual C．usually3.(2024自贡)—Billyusedtobeshyandquiet,butheisveryoutgoingnow.—Yes.Weareall________athischanges.A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising4.—What’swrong,Peter?—Thebadsmellmakesme________.Let’sgooutofhererightnow.A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．comfortably5.—Ican’tbelieveit.Tonyhasinventedatreewateringmachine.—Really?Heisso________．A．create B．creative C．creativity二、选词填空基础练science

danger

use

value

traditiondevelop

slow

noise

national

possible1.It’stoo________here!Let’sgotoaquietplacetorelax.2.Englishisan________________languageanditiswidelyusedinmanycountries.3.(2024天津改编)Theteacherspeaks_________andcarefullysothatwecanunderstandherbetter.noisy

international

slowly

4.(2024连云港改编)YuanLongping,oneofthegreatest____________，wonrespectallovertheworld.5.Thetaskissodifficultthatit’s_____________formetofinishitinonedayandIstillneedmoretime.6.(2024白银改编)Theroadisvery____________aftertheheavyrain.Driversarewarnedtodrivecarefullytoavoidaccidents.7.ThesuccessfullandingofChang’e-6onthebackofthemoonmarks(标志)the______________ofChina’sspaceresearch.scientists

impossible

dangerous

development

8.Mamianqunisakindof______________Chineseskirt.ItstartedintheSongDynastyandhasahistoryofmorethan1,000years.9.Theyoungmothertakesmanyphotosofherbaby’sdailyactivitiesinordertokeepthese___________momentsforever.10.(2024连云港)Thepastcanneverbechangedanditis__________toworryaboutthefuture.Whynotenjoythepresent?traditional

valuable

useless

三、选词填空(主题：人与自我·“20页阅读法”带来的改变难度：★★★★用时：7分钟)根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。him

agree

teach

worry

help

strict

decide

safe

happy

interestAsachild,Iwasquiteactive.Mymom1._______aboutmealotbecauseIwasalwaysrunningaroundandgettinghurtalmosteveryday.A