2025届甘肃省白银市靖远县高三上学期第一次全县联考英语试题【含答案解析】

绝密★启用前高三英语考试注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whydoesthemanmoveintothecity?A.It'squieterthere.B.It'sconvenientthere.C.It'smorebeautifulthere.2.Whatdoesthemanthinkofgoingtothesupermarketbybike?A.It'shealthy.B.It'slow-cost.C.It'sslow.3.Howmuchdidthemanweightwomonthsago?A.120pounds.B.140pounds.C.160pounds.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Thefilmistoolong.B.Thefilmisboring.C.Thefilmisfunny.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A.Theyareoldfriends.B.Theydon'tknowJohnson.C.Theymeetforthefirsttime.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whyisthetrafficsobad?A.It'stherushhour.B.Theroadisunderconstruction.C.Oneofthetrafficlightsisbroken.7.Howwillthewomangettoherappointment?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bysubwayandonfoot.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.HowlongdidthewomanstayinJapan?A.About10days.B.Abouttwoweeks.C.Aboutonemonth.9.What'sthewoman'sopiniononTokyo?A.Therearemanymoreshopsthere.B.Itsbuildingsarebeautiful.C.It'saquietcity.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onatrain.B.Nearabusstop.C.Inthedepartmentstore.11.Whatdidthemando?AHehurtthewoman.B.Hehelpedthewomancarrythebags.C.Heknockedthewoman'sbagstotheground.12.What'sthewomanlike?A.Sheiskind.B.Sheisrude.C.Sheisapologetic.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Interviewerandinterviewee.C.Waiterandcustomer.14.Whoisopeningtheexhibition?AMrSmith.B.Theman.C.Thewoman.15.Whatexhibitionisgoingtobeheld?A.Apaintingexhibition.B.Afashionexhibition.C.Aphotographyexhibition.16.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhibition?A.Itwillbequitesmall.B.ItwillbeheldintheNationalMuseum.C.Itsworkswillbefromdifferentcountries.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whenwillthebusleave?A.At7:45.B.At8:00.C.At8:55.18.WhatcanstudentsdoattheCookerySchool?A.Growtheirowntrees.B.Learnhowtomakepizza.C.Learnhowtomakesandwiches.19.Whichofthefollowingshouldstudentsbring?A.Atoy.B.Anotebook.C.Apencil.20.Howdoesthespeakerpreferparentstoaskquestions?A.Onthephone.B.Byemail.C.Facetoface.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AProfessorofMathematicsandAITheSchoolofMathematicalSciencesatLancasterUniversityisseekingtoappointaprofessortotakeaprominent,strategicroleintheleadershipofMathematicsforAIinReal-worldSystems(MARS),LancasterUniversity.MARS,whichisfundedbya£12minvestmentfromResearchEngland,willconductresearchandteachingattheinterface(界面)ofdynamicalmathematicalmodellingandartificialintelligence(AI),withafocusonusingappliedmathematicstoaddressreal-worldchallenges.AspartoftheseniorMARSleadershipgroup,youwillberesponsibleforshapingtheformationanddirectionofthisnew10FTE(全职员工)unitwithintheSchoolofMathematicalSciences.YouwillhaveanoutstandingtrackrecordofresearchinthemathematicsofAIand/orappliedmathematicsofreal-worldchallenges,demonstrableexperienceofbuildingapositive,inclusiveandcollaborativeresearchculture,andavocationfornurturingstaffanddevelopinganoutward-facingtalentpipeline.YouwillbeabletoevidenceexcellenceinscientificleadershipandtheabilitytobringthistoMARS,thewiderSchoolandtheUniversity.Astrongtrackrecordofsecuringexternalresearchfundingandpublishingininternationally-leadingMathematicalSciencesjournalsisessential.Ideally,youwillhaveanapplicationfocusinatleastoneofthefollowingMARSkeyapplicationareas:cybersecurity,engineering,environmentandhealth.Youwillhaveconsiderableexperienceoftranslatingfoundationalmathematicalfindingsintoreal-worldsolutions,throughpartnershipsoutsideoftheacademicsector,andwillbeabletofosternewcollaborationswithresearchersfromotherdisciplinesandwithnon-academicorganisations.YouwillbeanenthusiasticambassadorforMARSandforthedisciplineofmathematics.Thisisafull-time,indefinitepostandflexibleworkingarrangementswillbeconsidered.InformalenquiriesshouldbemadetotheHeadofMARS,ProfessorChrisJewellc.jewell@lancaster.ac.ukortheDirectorofResearch,ProfessorRebeccaKillickr.killick@lancaster.ac.uk.1.WhatistheprimarygoalofMARSatLancasterUniversity?A.ToteachAIwithoutusingappliedmathematics.B.Tofundvariousscientificresearchprojects.C.Totacklepracticalissuesthroughappliedmathematics.D.Toresearchdynamicalmathematicalmodelling.2.WhatisoneoftheapplicationareasforMARS?A.Onlinesafety. B.Legalservices.C.Spacetechnology. D.Educationresources.3.WhatcanbeexpectedfromtheMARSProfessorposition?A.Apart-timerole. B.Flexibleworktime.C.Informalinterviews. D.Ashort-termcontract.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是篇应用文。文章是一则招聘广告，兰卡斯特大学数学科学院正在面向社会招聘一名教授，希望他能在兰开斯特大学现实世界系统中人工智能数学（MARS）的领导中发挥重要的战略作用。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“MARS,whichisfundedbya£12minvestmentfromResearchEngland,willconductresearchandteachingattheinterface(界面)ofdynamicalmathematicalmodellingandartificialintelligence(AI),withafocusonusingappliedmathematicstoaddressreal-worldchallenges.(MARS由英国研究中心投资1200万英镑，将在动态数学建模和人工智能的界面进行研究和教学，重点是使用应用数学来解决现实世界的挑战。)”可知，兰卡斯特大学的MARS的主要目标就是使用应用数学来解决现实问题。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ideally,youwillhaveanapplicationfocusinatleastoneofthefollowingMARSkeyapplicationareas:cybersecurity,engineering,environmentandhealth.(理想情况下，您将在以下MARS关键应用领域中至少有一个应用重点：网络安全，工程，环境和健康。)”可知，网络安全是MARS的一个应用领域。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thisisafull-time,indefinitepostandflexibleworkingarrangementswillbeconsidered.(这是一个全职、无限期岗位，将考虑灵活的工作安排。)”可知，招聘的这一教授职位可以有灵活的工作时间安排。故选B。

BNearlythreedecadesago,BrazilianphotojournalistSebastiāoreturnedfromhisassignmentinEastAfrica,shockedtofindhisfamily'sonceboomingcattlefarmhadbecomealmostawasteland.Hiswife,Lelia,equallyheartbrokenbythedestructionoftheonce-vibrant(充满生机的)land,proposedanideathatseemedalmostasenormousandimpossibleasthebarrenness(荒芜)beforethem—replanttheforest.In1998,embracingthechallengewithdeterminationandadeep-seateddesiretoreviveacrucialpartoftheircountryandfamilyhistory,SebastiāoandLeliaestablishedtheInstitutoTerra,anenvironmentalgroupdedicatedtothesustainabilityoftheValleyoftheRiverDoce.Itbecameashipthroughwhichtheywouldsailonadifficultjourneytohealthelandandinmanyways,themselves.Thecouple,alongwiththeirteam,embarkedonajourneytoreplantandrebuildthe1,754-acreplotofland.Slowly,thebarrendesertthatSebastiāoreturnedtobegantotransform,wasblossomingintothelushparadisethathadonceexistedonlyinhismemories.Now,theregionstandsasatestamenttowhatcanbeachievedwithdedicationandadream.ItisrecognizedasaPrivateNaturalHeritageReserve,asanctuarywherenaturehasbeengiventhespaceandsupporttoreclaimitsrightfulplace.Theonce-barrencattlefarmisnotonlythrivingbuthasalsobecomeashelterforhundredsofspeciesofanimalsandplants.Theland,nowvibrantandalive,hosts293speciesoftrees,172speciesofbirds,33speciesofmammals,and15speciesofreptilesandamphibians,manyofwhichareendangeredandhavefoundasaferefugeinthisrefreshedenvironment.Sebastiāoreflectsonthetransformation,sharing,“Alltheinsectsandbirdsandfishreturned,and,thankstothisincreaseofthetrees,I,too,wasreborn—thiswasthemostimportantmoment.”4.HowwasthefarmwhenSebastiaoreturnedfromEastAfrica?A.Vibrantandalive. B.Messyandnoisy.C.Overgrownandenormous. D.Barrenanddeserted.5.HowdidSebastiāoandLeliadealwiththechallengefacingthem?A.Throughashipjourney. B.Throughteameffort.C.Throughgovernmentsupport. D.Throughsocialdonation.6.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph5indicate?A.Thesuccessofthecouple'swork. B.Thespeciesthecouplehopetosave.C.Theoriginalstateofthecattlefarm. D.Thenumberofwildlifeinneedofhelp.7.WhatcanwelearnfromSebastiāo’sstory?A.Badluckoftenbringsgoodluck. B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C.Wherethere'sawill,there'saway. D.Whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyoustronger.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了，Sebastiāo在30年前从非洲东部回来，发现之前繁荣的农场变成了荒原，于是他和妻子决定重新种植森林，经历困难最后终于成功的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nearlythreedecadesago,BrazilianphotojournalistSebastiāoreturnedfromhisassignmentinEastAfrica,shockedtofindhisfamily'sonceboomingcattlefarmhadbecomealmostawasteland.(大约30年前，巴西摄影记Sebastiāo从东非出差回来，震惊地发现他家曾经兴旺的养牛场几乎变成了一片荒地。)”可知，Sebastiāo从东非回来时农场已经变成了荒地。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“In1998,embracingthechallengewithdeterminationandadeep-seateddesiretoreviveacrucialpartoftheircountryandfamilyhistory,SebastiāoandLeliaestablishedtheInstitutoTerra,anenvironmentalgroupdedicatedtothesustainabilityoftheValleyoftheRiverDoce.(1998年，带着坚定的决心和对复兴他们国家和家族历史的重要部分的强烈愿望，Lelia和Sebastiāo成立了Terra研究所，这是一个致力于多西河流域可持续发展的环境组织。)”以及第三段中“Thecouple,alongwiththeirteam,embarkedonajourneytoreplantandrebuildthe1,754-acreplotofland.(这对夫妇和他们的团队开始了一段重新种植和重建1754英亩土地的旅程。)”可推知，Sebastiāo和Lelia通过团队努力来应对他们面临的挑战。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Theonce-barrencattlefarmisnotonlythrivingbuthasalsobecomeashelterforhundredsofspeciesofanimalsandplants.Theland,nowvibrantandalive,hosts293speciesoftrees,172speciesofbirds,33speciesofmammals,and15speciesofreptilesandamphibians,manyofwhichareendangeredandhavefoundasaferefugeinthisrefreshedenvironment.(曾经贫瘠的养牛场不仅蓬勃发展，而且还成为数百种动植物的避难所。这片土地现在生机勃勃，拥有293种树木、172种鸟类、33种哺乳动物和15种爬行动物和两栖动物，其中许多是濒临灭绝的动物，它们在这片清新的环境中找到了安全的避难所。)”可推知，第五段中的数字说明了这对夫妇工作的成功。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Hiswife,Lelia,equallyheartbrokenbythedestructionoftheonce-vibrant(充满生机的)land,proposedanideathatseemedalmostasenormousandimpossibleasthebarrenness(荒芜)beforethem—replanttheforest.(他的妻子Lelia同样为这片曾经充满活力的土地的毁灭感到心碎，她提出了一个几乎和他们面前的贫瘠一样巨大和不可能的想法——重新种植森林。)”和第三段中“Thecouple,alongwiththeirteam,embarkedonajourneytoreplantandrebuildthe1,754-acreplotofland.(这对夫妇和他们的团队开始了一段重新种植和重建1754英亩土地的旅程。)”可知，本文主要讲述了，Sebastiāo在30年前从非洲东部回来，发现之前繁荣的农场变成了荒原，于是他和妻子决定重新种植森林，经历困难最后终于成功的故事。由此可推知，我们能从Sebastiāo的故事中学到“有志者，事竟成”这个道理。故选C项。CFacialexpressionsareanimportantpartofhumancommunicationthatallowustoconveyouremotions.Scientistshavefoundsimilarsignalsofemotioninothermammalssuchasdogs,pigsandmice.Althoughbirdscanproducefacialexpressionsbymovingtheirheadfeathersandflushing(发红)theirskin,itisunclearwhethertheyexpressemotionsinthisway.Toinvestigate,researchersfromINRAEandCNRS,France,filmed18femaledomesticchickensfromtwobreeds,astheyperformedroutinebehaviorsonaFrenchfarm.Theyalsofilmedthebirdswhilebeingcapturedandheldbyahuman,andwhilebeingrewardedwithanappealingfood.Theresearchersanalyzedthepositionoftheirfacialfeathersandthecoloroftheexposedskinontheirfacesinsevencontextsthatdifferedintheiremotionalvalence(效价)andlevelofexcitement.Forexample,birdspreentheirfeatherswhentheyarerelaxedandcontent,whereasreceivingarewardingfoodgenerallycausesexcitementandhappiness,andbeingcapturedisanexcitingbutfearfulexperience.Theresultssuggestedthatthepositionoftheheadfeathersandthecoloroftheskinvariedbetweencontexts.Fluffing(抖松)headfeathersweremainlyassociatedwithastateofcontentment,whereasflushingindicatedthatthebirdswerepositivelyexcitedorfearful.Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatefacialdisplaysofemotioninchickens,andsuggeststhatdomestichensusefacialexpressionstoshowtheiremotions,muchlikehumansandothermammalsdo.Thesefindingsofferawindowintotheemotionalexperiencesofdomesticbirds,whichcouldbeusedtoimprovethewelfareoffarmedpoultry(家禽),theresearcherssay.Theskinflushingonthefaceofthedomesticbirdsisawindowintotheiremotions.Theintensityoftheflushingvarieswithinafewsecondsdependingontheemotionalsituationstheyexperience,theresearchersadd.8.Whatweretheresearcherstryingtounderstandaboutchickens?A.Whytheymovetheirheadfeathers. B.Howtheirfacesshowtheiremotions.C.Howtheycommunicatewithhumans. D.Whattheyneedtoeattostayhealthy.9Whydidtheresearchersfilmthechickensinvarioussituations?A.Torecordtheirdailyactivities. B.Tochecktheimpactofweather.C.Tocomparethemwithmammals. D.Toobservetheiremotionalresponses.10.Inwhichcasewillahenfluffitsheadfeathers?A.Whenit’ssatisfied. B.Whenit’sfearful.C.Whenit’stired. D.Whenit’sexcited.11.Whatfieldmighttheresearchbeappliedto?A.Psychology. B.Biology. C.Agriculture. D.Communication.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现，家鸡通过头部羽毛的位置和皮肤颜色变化表达情绪，这一发现有助于提高家禽福利。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Althoughbirdscanproducefacialexpressionsbymovingtheirheadfeathersandflushing(发红)theirskin,itisunclearwhethertheyexpressemotionsinthisway.(虽然鸟类可以通过移动头部羽毛和冲洗皮肤来产生面部表情，但它们是否以这种方式表达情感尚不清楚)”和第二段“Toinvestigate,researchersfromINRAEandCNRS,France,filmed18femaledomesticchickensfromtwobreeds,astheyperformedroutinebehaviorsonaFrenchfarm.(为了进行调查，法国INRAE和CNRS的研究人员在法国一个农场拍摄了18只来自两个品种的雌性家鸡的日常行为)”可推知，研究人员试图了解鸡的面部表情是如何表达它们的情绪的。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Toinvestigate,researchersfromINRAEandCNRS,France,filmed18femaledomesticchickensfromtwobreeds,astheyperformedroutinebehaviorsonaFrenchfarm.Theyalsofilmedthebirdswhilebeingcapturedandheldbyahuman,andwhilebeingrewardedwithanappealingfood.(为了进行调查，法国INRAE和CNRS的研究人员在法国一个农场拍摄了18只来自两个品种的雌性家鸡的日常行为。他们还拍摄了这些鸟被人类捕获和关押的过程，以及它们得到诱人食物的过程)”和第三段“Theresearchersanalyzedthepositionoftheirfacialfeathersandthecoloroftheexposedskinontheirfacesinsevencontextsthatdifferedintheiremotionalvalence(效价)andlevelofexcitement.(研究人员分析了它们面部羽毛的位置和脸上裸露皮肤的颜色，在七种不同的情况下，它们的情绪效价和兴奋程度不同)”可知，拍摄在各种环境下的家鸡的目的是观察它们的情绪反应。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Fluffing(抖松)headfeathersweremainlyassociatedwithastateofcontentment,whereasflushingindicatedthatthebirdswerepositivelyexcitedorfearful.(蓬松的头部羽毛主要与满足的状态有关，而脸红则表明鸟类非常兴奋或害怕)”可知，家鸡感到满足的时候会抖动头部羽毛。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thesefindingsofferawindowintotheemotionalexperiencesofdomesticbirds,whichcouldbeusedtoimprovethewelfareoffarmedpoultry(家禽),theresearcherssay.(研究人员说，这些发现为家禽的情感体验提供了一个窗口，可以用来改善养殖家禽的福利)”可推知，该研究可以用来提高家禽的福利，属于农业领域。故选C。DDepressionistheleadingcauseofdisabilityworldwideandisassociatedwithdisruptionstoseveralbrainandpsychologicalprocesses,includingimpairedlearningandmemory.Physicalactivity,especiallyaerobic(有氧的)exercise,hasbeenfoundtoreducedepressivesymptoms,butuntilnowtheprocessesbehindthishavebeenpoorlyunderstood.InanewreviewarticlepublishedinTranslationalPsychiatryresearchersproposeanovelassumptiontounderstandtheantidepressanteffectsofexercise.Theybelievethattheprocessmayhingeonmotivation,whichisveryimportantforrelievinganumberofsymptomsofdepression,suchasanhedonia(alackofinterestorjoyinlife'sexperiences),lowenergyand“brainfog”.Theteamsummarisedresearchpapersexploringthemechanisms(机制)ofdepressioninbothhumansandanimalsandconcludedthatdepression,especiallyanhedonia,isassociatedwithincreasedinflammation(炎症)causedbythebody'simmuneresponse.Importantly,inflammationisalsolinkedtodisruptingdopaminetransmission.Thesebiologicalchangesmayrepresentkeyprocessesleadingtochangesinmotivation,andinparticularalowerwillingnesstomakephysicalormentaleffort.Meanwhile,exercisereducesinflammation,boostsdopaminefunction,andenhancesmotivation.Theresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbeanimportantreasonastowhyexercisehasanantidepressanteffect.Theteamhopethatthisunderstandingofhowexercisereducessymptomsofdepressionwillhelptoinformthedevelopmentofnewtreatmentstrategies—suchaspersonalisedexerciseprogrammes.DrEmilyHird(UCLInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience)said,“Understandingthemechanismsbehindtheantidepressanteffectsofphysicalactivityindepressioncouldalsoinformourunderstandingofthemechanismscausingdepressionandthedevelopmentofnovelinterventionstrategies,inparticular,personalisedintervention,andsocialprescribing.”“Itwouldbeimportanttoinvestigateanypotentialbarriertoexercise,”DrHirdadded.“Addressingbarrierstoexercise—particularlyinpeoplewithdepression—iscrucial,asregularphysicalactivitymaybeabletorelievesymptoms,enhancemoodandempowerindividualsontheirpathtorecovery.Aspartofthis,findingstrategiestoencourageexerciseiskey.”12.Whatistheimpactofdepressionworldwide?A.Itisthemostwidespreadillness. B.Itistheleadingcauseofdeath.C.Itleadstohighrateofdisability. D.Itbecomesthefocusofhealth.13.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“hingeon”inparagraph2?A.workon B.dependon C.puton D.geton14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonsbehinddepression. B.Theconsequencesofinflammation.C.Thewaythebody'simmunesystemresponse. D.Themainpointoftheresearchteam.15.WhatdoesDrHirdstressinthelastparagraph?A.Barrierstotakingaerobicexercise. B.Theimportanceofaerobicexercise.C.Pathstorecoveryfromdepression. D.Propermethodsofencouragingexercise.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抑郁症是世界范围内导致残疾的主要原因，与一些大脑和心理过程的中断有关，包括学习和记忆受损。体育活动，尤其是有氧运动，已经被发现可以减轻抑郁症状。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Depressionistheleadingcauseofdisabilityworldwideandisassociatedwithdisruptionstoseveralbrainandpsychologicalprocesses,includingimpairedlearningandmemory.(抑郁症是世界范围内导致残疾的主要原因，与一些大脑和心理过程的中断有关，包括学习和记忆受损。)”可知，抑郁症在世界范围内的影响是它导致高残疾率。故选C项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线短语句中“Theybelievethattheprocessmay…motivation,whichisveryimportantforrelievinganumberofsymptomsofdepression,suchasanhedonia(alackofinterestorjoyinlife'sexperiences),lowenergyand“brainfog”.(他们认为，这个过程可能……动机，这对于缓解一些抑郁症的症状非常重要，比如快感缺乏（对生活经历缺乏兴趣或乐趣）、精力不足和“脑雾”。)”由此可知，此处为这个过程可能取决于动机。故可猜测划线短语hingeon为“取决于”的意思，和B选项dependon“依靠，取决”意思一致。故选B项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theteamsummarisedresearchpapersexploringthemechanisms(机制)ofdepressioninbothhumansandanimalsandconcludedthatdepression,especiallyanhedonia,isassociatedwithincreasedinflammation(炎症)causedbythebody'simmuneresponse.Importantly,inflammationisalsolinkedtodisruptingdopaminetransmission.Thesebiologicalchangesmayrepresentkeyprocessesleadingtochangesinmotivation,andinparticularalowerwillingnesstomakephysicalormentaleffort.(该团队总结了探索人类和动物抑郁症机制的研究论文，并得出结论：抑郁症，尤其是快感缺乏，与身体免疫反应引起的炎症增加有关。重要的是，炎症也与破坏多巴胺的传递有关。这些生理上的变化可能代表了导致动机变化的关键过程，特别是降低了付出体力或精神努力的意愿。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是抑郁症背后的原因。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Addressingbarrierstoexercise—particularlyinpeoplewithdepression—iscrucial,asregularphysicalactivitymaybeabletorelievesymptoms,enhancemoodandempowerindividualsontheirpathtorecovery.Aspartofthis,findingstrategiestoencourageexerciseiskey.”(“解决运动障碍——尤其是抑郁症患者——是至关重要的，因为定期的体育活动可能能够缓解症状，改善情绪，并使个人走上康复之路。”因此，找到鼓励锻炼的策略是关键。”)”可推知，Hird博士在最后一段强调了找到鼓励锻炼的策略。故选D项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyouhavethosedayswhenyousaytoyourself“Idon’tneedschool”orwhenyoujustcan'tfindthemotivationtopayattentioninschoolorgetyourhomeworkdone?____16____Herearesometipstokeepyourselfmotivatedinschoolsothatyoucansucceedandachieveyourgoals.Setconcreteacademicgoals.____17____Ifyoujustwantto“dobetter”inschool,doesthatmeananA?OraB?Areyoujusttryingtopass?Sitdownandsetspecificbenchmarksforyourself.Youmightsayyouwanttomaintainatleasta3.0GPA,orthatyouwanttogetatleastanA—inhistorythisyear.Studyefficiently.Avoidcrammingandfocusoncreatingyourownunderstanding.It’seasytojustsitinfrontofyourbookandreadpassivelywithoutreallyabsorbingtheinformation.____18____Ifyoufinditmostefficienttofocusononesubjectatatime,dothat.Ifbouncingbetweenafewsimilarsubjectshelpsyoustayontask,that’sfine,too.____19____Thiswillhelpyoucommitthematerialtomemory.It’sbettertospend10-15minutesstudyingeverynightthantotryandstuffeverythingintoonestudysessionthenightbeforethebigtest.Researchhasshownthatstuffingisoneoftheleastefficientwaystoprepareforatest,soavoiditatallcosts.Takecareofyourbody.Getplentyofsleep,eatahealthydiet,andexerciseregularly.Youcannotstaymotivatedifyou’resophysicallyundertheweatherthatyourbodycan'tfocus.Get8hoursofsleep—especiallyonschoolnights.____20____A.Stayfocusedwithmindfulnesstricks.B.Studyinawaythatmakesthemostsensetoyou.C.It'seasiertostaymotivatedifyouhavespecificgoals.D.Revieweverythingyoulearnedattheendofeachstudysession.E.It'saloteasiertostaymotivatedifyouknowyou’regoingtorelaxeventually.F.Eatadiverse,healthydietandgetplentyofphysicalactivitytoensureyou'reintip-topshape.G.You’renotalone,butdoingwellinschoolwillsetyouuptohavethelifeyouwantdowntheroad.【答案】16.G17.C18.B19.D20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一些让你在学校保持动力的建议，这样你就能成功并实现你的目标。【16题详解】上文“Doyouhavethosedayswhenyousaytoyourself“Idon’tneedschool”orwhenyoujustcan'tfindthemotivationtopayattentioninschoolorgetyourhomeworkdone?(你是否有过这样的日子：你对自己说“我不需要上学”，或者你就是找不到在学校集中注意力或完成作业的动力？)”说明在学校缺乏学习动力的问题，选项G“你并不孤单，但在学校表现良好会让你过上你想要的生活。”承接上文，说明有办法解决问题，引出下文“Herearesometipstokeepyourselfmotivatedinschoolsothatyoucansucceedandachieveyourgoals.(这里有一些建议，让你在学校保持动力，这样你就能成功并实现你的目标。)”介绍文章主题。故选G项。【17题详解】上文“Setconcreteacademicgoals.(制定具体的学术目标。)”建议制定学术目标，选项C“如果你有明确的目标，就更容易保持动力。”承接上文，说明有了目标就容易保持活力。故选C项。【18题详解】上文“It’seasytojustsitinfrontofyourbookandreadpassivelywithoutreallyabsorbingtheinformation.(人们很容易只是坐在书前被动地阅读，而没有真正吸收信息。)”说明有时人们只是被动学习，这样没有意义，选项B“用对你最有意义的方式学习。”转折上文，建议用有意义的方式学习，引出下文“Ifyoufinditmostefficienttofocusononesubjectatatime,dothat.(如果你发现一次专注于一个主题是最有效的，那就去做吧。)”鼓励用有效的方式。故选B项。【19题详解】下文“Thiswillhelpyoucommitthematerialtomemory.(这将帮助你记住材料。)”说明前面是有助于记忆的方法，选项D“在每次学习结束时回顾你学过的所有东西。”建议一种有助于记忆学过的东西的方法。故选D项。【20题详解】上文段首“Takecareofyourbody.Getplentyofsleep,eatahealthydiet,andexerciseregularly.(照顾好你的身体。充足的睡眠，健康的饮食，有规律的锻炼。)”建议照顾好自己的身体，选项F“吃多样化、健康的饮食，并进行大量的体育锻炼，以确保你处于最佳状态。”呼应段首，说明吃好，睡好，锻炼好能够确保处于最佳状态。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。SawyerMcCarthycommunicatesbestthroughmusic.The13-year-oldfromSouthCarolinais____21____.Buthisothersenses-likehis____22____-arestrong.InApril,hesangthenationalanthemataColumbiaFirefliesgame,____23____millionsofviewersaroundtheworld.Withnosinginglessonsuntilveryrecently,Sawyerhas____24____thisfarwithnothingbuthisnaturaltalent.Sawyerwasbornblindbuthismother,Brianna,didn’t____25____untilhewas3monthsold.ShewastakingSawyerforastroll(散步)outsideandnoticedthattheywereindirect____26____,buthewasn'tsquinting(眯着眼看).Doctorslater____27____Sawyerwithsepto-opticdysplasia(视神经发育不良),agenetic____28____affectingonein10,000children.BriannaandherhusbandPatrickhopetheirsonwillbeabletoliveas____29____aspossible.SawyerreadsBrailleandusesacane.Buttherearealsosomedevelopmental______30______.Soontheyrealizedthatthe______31______Sawyercommunicatesbestisthroughmusic.“Healwayshasatrickfor______32______noisesthatevenwedon'tnotice,”themothersaid.Evenatsuchayoungage,Sawyerhasbig______33______.HehopestoperformonAmerica’sGotTalent-despitebeingnervous.Butnomatterwhathappens,onethingis______34______:Singingisinhispast,presentandfuture.Whenaskedabouthowhethoughtitmakespeoplefeelwhentheyhearhimsing,Sawyer______35______“Joyful”.21.A.weak B.blind C.lovely D.smart22.A.mind B.head C.hand D.voice23.A.reaching B.witnessing C.confirming D.meeting24.A.pulled B.wandered C.managed D.kept25.A.mind B.wake C.care D.know26.A.sunlight B.position C.impression D.purpose27.A.impressed B.diagnosed C.entertained D.surprised28.A.pattern B.signal C.condition D.mark29.A.independently B.continuously C.proudly D.separately30.A.currents B.procedures C.strategies D.delays31.A.view B.treat C.wish D.way32.A.tolerating B.hearing C.touching D.making33.A.issues B.lectures C.ambitions D.programs34.A.atrandom B.forcertain C.inneed D.onend35.A.responded B.commented C.believed D.explained【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.D32.B33.C34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍一位来自南卡罗来纳的13岁少年虽然双目失明，但是音乐却成为了他最好的沟通方式。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位来自南卡罗来纳的13岁少年双目失明。A.weak虚弱的；B.blind失明的；C.lovely可爱的；D.smart聪明的。根据后文“Sawyerwasbornblind”可知，他是失明的，故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的其他感官——比如他的声音——很强大。A.mind思想；B.head头；C.hand手；D.voice嗓音。根据上文“SawyerMcCarthycommunicatesbestthroughmusic”可知，用音乐来交流说明嗓音非常强大，故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年4月，他在哥伦比亚萤火虫队（ColumbiaFireflies）的一场比赛中演唱了国歌，吸引了全球数百万观众。A.reaching引起……的注意；B.witnessing见证；C.confirming确认；D.meeting遇见。根据上文“Buthisothersenses-likehis____2____-arestrong.”可知，他的嗓音很强大，所以参加演唱比赛，应该是吸引了全球数百万观众，故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sawyer直到最近才上过歌唱课，他靠自己的天赋做到了这一点。A.pulled拉；B.wandered徘徊；C.managed设法做到；D.kept保持。根据上文“Withnosinginglessonsuntilveryrecently”可知，他以前没有上过歌唱课，是凭借天赋成功做到现在这个地步的，故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sawyer天生失明，但他的母亲布里安娜直到他3个月大时才知道。A.mind介意；B.wake弄醒；C.care关心；D.know知道。根据下文“ShewastakingSawyerfora