2024-2025学年上学期杭州高一英语期末提升卷3

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年上学期杭州高一英语期末提升卷3一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2024春•吉安期末）VirginiaFinch，alocalresident，waspreparingThanksgivingmealsforthehomelesswithherdaughterwhensheheardaboutafamilylivingbehindagasstation.（1）todeliveramealtothem，Virginia（2）asightthatwoulddeeplymoveher.Behindthegasstation，VirginiafoundOliviaandEric，alongwiththeirthreeyoungdaughters，aged5years，14months，and4weeks.Thefamilyhadbeentravelingacrossthecountrywhentheir（3）brokedown，leavingthemstranded（被滞留的）and（4）oftheupcomingwinter.（5），Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck.Thefamilywasinavery（6）situation，withlittlehopeforgifts，jobs，orevenenoughfood.Virginiaknewshehadtodomorethanjustprovidea（7）.Determinedtohelp，Virginiadecidedtooffersomething（8）.Virginiahadrecentlyrenovated（翻新）asecondhome，（9）tosellorrentit.（10），uponmeetingthisfamily，shechosetodosomethingremarkable.Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，（11）theirlivescompletelyovernight."Ijustdidn'tthinkitwasreal，"Oliviaexpressed，surprisedbythe（12）.Butitturnsoutthatitwasaveryreal（13）.Virginia'sactofkindnessnotonlyprovidedthefamilywith（14）andsafetybutalsogavethemabeautifulChristmas.Morethanthat，itrestoredtheir（15）inhumanity.（1）A．HesitatingB．DecidingC．PretendingD．Proving（2）A．ranacrossB．dreamedofC．backedupD．showedoff（3）A．tankB．marriageC．truckD．freedom（4）A．capableB．proudC．ashamedD．fearful（5）A．AfterallB．InsecretC．AtlastD．Inpublic（6）A．favorableB．nervousC．happyD．serious（7）A．linkB．guaranteeC．mealD．solution（8）A．similarB．professionalC．absoluteD．extraordinary（9）A．whisperingB．happeningC．learningD．intending（10）A．HoweverB．OtherwiseC．SometimesD．Meanwhile（11）A．investingB．creditingC．predictingD．changing（12）A．complexityB．generosityC．emergencyD．highlight（13）A．giftB．dangerC．messD．note（14）A．courageB．warmthC．educationD．reputation（15）A．faithB．sightC．paceD．function二．阅读理解（共4小题）2．（2024春•丰台区期末）StudentVolunteerInternships2023﹣2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships（实习）areavailableinWashington，D.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's（EPA）OfficeofWater.Youmustbeafull﹣timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfeldsofstudyareencouragedtoapply，includingdegreecandidatesinthefollowingsubjects：•Hydrology，aquaticbiology，marinescience，environmentalengineering，geology，meteorology，soilscience，etc•Publichealth，toxicology，sanitation，environmentaljustice，etc•Publicadministration，finance，management，communications，etcCandidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater﹣healthorpublic﹣healthrelatedfield，includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical，writtenandoralskills，theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam，andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull﹣time（40hoursperweek）orpart﹣time（20hoursperweek）schedule.Participantswillnotbepaid，butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeEPAemployeesduringtheirstay.Applicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis；however，mostprojectswillariseforinternshipopportunitiesduringtheSummerSemester.Pleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.Werecognizethattimeframesmayvaryduetoclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasnecessary.Thegeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows：SummerSemester（lateMaythroughlateAugust）FallSemester（SeptemberthroughDecember）SpringSemester（JanuarythroughApril）Toapply，emailaresume，coverletter，andashortwritingsample（maximum5pages）to：braschayko.kelley@.（1）Accordingtothepassage，applicantsarerequiredto.A.befull﹣timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorinapublic﹣healthrelatedfield（2）WhatwillEPAprovideforthevolunteerinterns？A.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities.（3）Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplyfortheinternship？A.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.C.Workinateamfor12weeks.D.Offerashortwritingsample.3．（2024春•杭州期末）Lifeisbusy.We'realwaysexpectedtobeproductiveandengaged，whetherthat'swithparenting，housework，orwork.Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury（奢侈），thetruthisthatitisnecessaryforimprovingourmentalhealth.AkeypsychologicalideabehindthisisthePremackPrinciple，whichexplainswhytreatingourselvesismorethanatendency；it'sawaytoimproveourdailylives.Inthe1960s，AmericanpsychologistDavidPremackdevelopedatheorynowknownasPremackPrinciple.Heexplainedthatdoingsomethingyou'remorelikelytodocanbearewardfordoingsomethingyoudon'tactuallywanttodo.Forinstance，ifyoufinishataskyou'renotinterestedin，likecleaningthebathroom，youcantreatyourselftosomethingyoulike，suchaswatchinganepisodeofyourfavoriteTVshow.Thisapproachtakesadvantageofournaturalneedforfuntohelpusgetthroughtaskswemightnotenjoy.Recentstudieskeepshowingthatgivingyourselfrewardscanhelpimproveyourworkandhappiness.Forexample，WoolleyandFishbachdiscoveredthatgettingrewardsrightawaycanmakeyoumoremotivatedbecauseitlinkstherewarddirectlywiththetask.What'sinterestingisthatit'snotabouthowbigtherewardisbuthowquicklyyougetitthatmatters.AnotherstudybyLandryandothersfoundit'snottherewarditselfbutratherhowtherewardmakespeoplefeelthathelpsthemdotheirbest.Thismakessensebecauserewardsboostourdopamine（多巴胺）levels，whichplaysakeyroleinhowourbrainsfeelpleasure.Theideaofgivingourselves"littletreats"isnotjustaboutenjoyingsomething；it'sproofofhowpositivereinforcementcanchangeourbehaviorandmakeusfeelbettermentally.BycarefullyusingthePremackPrincipleandrewardingourselves，wecanfindmoremotivation（动机）tofacechallengesandleadahappierlife.It'sokaytorecognizeandcelebrateourefforts，bigorsmall.So，goahead，giveyourselfthatlittletreat.You'veearnedit.（1）WhatisthePremackPrinciple？A.Atooltoworkoutalong﹣termplan.B.Awaytocompletetaskseffectively.C.Ameanstomakeboringtasksenjoyable.D.Atheorytoexplainhowrewardsimprovehappiness.（2）AccordingtoWoolleyandFishbach，whathelpstoimprovemotivation？A.Thetypeoftasks.B.Theimmediatereward.C.Thesizeofthereward.D.Thelevelofdopamine.（3）Whatmightbea"positivereinforcement"accordingtoparagraph4？A.Acleanup.B.Physicaltraining.C.Graduationceremony.D.Afavouritesnack.（4）Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？A.TheImportanceofProductivityB.MotivationandMentalHealthC.ThePremackPrincipleforLifeD.DopamineandtheBrain'sPleasure4．（2024春•巧家县期末）Afterageandgenetics（传性），beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（阿尔茨海默病），expertssay，"TwooutofeverythreebrainsaffectedbyAlzheimer'sdiseasearewomen'sbrains，"saidDr，RichardIsaacson，directoroftheAlzheimer'sPreventionClinicintheCenterforBrainHealthatFloridaAtlantic.University'sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now，anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk，Personalizedlifestyleinterventions（干预）﹣suchasdiet，exercise，stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer'sriskfactorsinbothsexes，buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen."OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovascular（心血管的）disease，"saidIsaacson，whocoauthoredthepaper."Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise，improvedsleepanddiet，andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.Thisstudyclearlystressestheneedforadditionallargerstudiestobeabletobetterpredictthebaselinecognitivetrailinagingfemalesversusmales，"saidRudolphTanzi，aprofessorofneurologyatHarvardMedicalSchool."Asweaimtofindwaystoblockoutthisdiseaseintheearlystage，wewillneedtoknowifpreventionandtreatmentstrategieswillworkequallyonbothmenandwomen.Thisnewstudyclearlybringsusabigstepclosertothatgoal，"Tanziadded.Findingthatwomenwereabletoreducetheirriskevenmorethanmeniswelcomenews，asitprovidesapromisingareaforfuturestudyandgiveshopethatwomencantipthebattleagainstAlzheimer'sintheirfavor."Bytreatingpeopleinanevidencebasedyetsafeway，usingvariouslifestylesandmedicalinterventions，we'veshownthatyoucanreallymakeanimpactonbrainhealth，"hesaid.（1）Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1？A.AgeandgeneticshavenoimpactonAlzheimer's.B.Alzheimer'shasnothingtodowithsexdifference.C.WomenaremorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer'sthanmen.D.BeingawomandecreasesthechanceofdevelopingAlzheimer's.（2）WhatisIsaacson'sattitudetowardsthenewresearch？A.Indifferent.B.Opposed.C.Ignorant.D.Positive.（3）WhatcanaffectbrainhealthaccordingtoTanzi？A.Lifestylechanges.B.Highereducation.C.livingenvironment.D.Personalexperience.（4）Whereisthetextlikelyfrom？A.Anovel.B.Amagazine.C.Abrochure.D.Atravelguide.5．（2024春•毕节市期末）AustrianbiologistJohannesFritzhasdevotedhiscareertohelpingnorthernbaldibises（秃头朱鹭），alsocalledWaldrapp.Thisrarespeciesofbirdwascompletelyextinctinthewild50yearsago.However，throughcarefulreintroduce，he'sbeenableto"rewild"277ibisesinhishomecountry.Toensurethattheysurvivethetemperaturesofthewinter，Fritzeventaughtyoungbirdsanewmigration（迁徙）pathfromAustriatoItalywiththehelpofaflyingmachine.Fritzescorted（护送）thefirstgroupofibisesin2004.However，thatpathhasalreadybeenaffectedbyclimatechange.Afternoticingthatthefirstgroupofibisesfailedtomakethetrip，heandhisteamatWaldrappteamcapturedthebirdsanddrovethemwheretheyneededtogo.Thiswasonlyatemporarysolution，ofcourse.Soonafterward，FritzwasdesigninganewroutefortheibiseswhichwouldhelpthemavoidthedangersoftheAlps.Usingaspecialthree﹣wheeledvehicle，Fritztookoffwiththebirds.Hetaughtthemanewmigrationpaththatmeasuresabout2，500miles，whichisaboutthreetimeslongerthantheoldroute.RatherthangotoItaly，theibisesnowtraveltoSpain'ssouthernAtlanticcoast.IttakesFritzandthebirdssixweekstomakeaone﹣waytrip.SomemaywonderhowFritzisabletoteachthebirdsinhisflyingmachine，andwhytheibiseschoosetofollowhim.Theanswerisquitesimple.FritzandtheWaldrappteamhavetakengoodcareofthebirds，feedingthemandsupportingthem.Sotheywillinglyfollowhiminthesetrainingsessions，despitenotknowingtheirnewdestination.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutnorthernbaldibises？A.Theyarecommonafterreintroduce.B.TheyalwaysmigratefromAustriatoItaly.C.TheyweresavedbyFritz.D.Theydiedoutinthewild50yearsago.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"captured"inparagraph2mean？A.Caught.B.Fed.C.Setfree.D.Warmup.（3）Howmanymilesdoestheoldmigrationroutemeasureprobably？A.7500.B.625.C.833.D.2500.（4）WhydoibisesaccepthelpfromFritz？A.Theyareawareoftheirdestination.B.Theyarekindandsimple.C.TheyarelookedafterbyFritz.D.Theyareforcedtodothat.三．信息匹配（共1小题）6．（2023秋•铅山县校级月考）Atsunamiisanextremelylargewaveintheseacausedbyanearthquakeattheseabed.Thefollowingsafetytipsmayhelpyoudealwithit.BeforethetsunamiKnowthewarningsignsofatsunami：rapidlyrisingorfallingcoastalwaters，aloudnoisefromtheocean，orrumblingsofanearthquake."IfpeoplealongtheIndianOceancoastlineonDecember26，2004，wereawareofthesenaturalwarnings，fewerpeoplewouldhavedied."saysanexpert.（1）Andyou'dbettermapyourevacuation（疏散）route.Duringthetsunami●Ifyou'reinatsunamiareaandthereisanearthquake，firstdroptothefloor，coveryourheadandneck，andholdontosomethingstable.（2）●（3）"Listentotheauthorities，butdonotwaitfortsunamiwarningsandevacuationorders，"suggeststheU.S.siteR.●Peopleoftenmistakethedistancetheyhavetogotobesafe."Manypeoplethinkthey'vegottogomiles，"Richardssays."（4）"Ifyou'reavisitorstayinginatallconcretehotel，headds，goingabovethefourthfloorlikelywillbesaferthanevacuating.●Stayputinasafeareauntilanofficialall﹣clearisgiven.Thefirstwavemaynotbethelastorthestrongestandthedangercanlastforhoursorevendays.AfterthetsunamiFirst，stayclearofdamagedorfloodedareasanddownedpowerlines.Meanwhile，listenforfurtheralertsandinstructionsaboutevacuationzonesandshelters.（5）Phonesystemsarelikelytobedownorbusyatthattime.A．ButitmightbejustrightbehindJohnny'shouse.B．Buttheycanalsocomebackassoonaspossible.C．Ifyou'reinalow﹣lyingarea，moveinlandassoonaspossible.D．Takethewarningsseriously，andstrictlyfollowtherequirements.E．Listenforofficialwarnings，butalsolistenandwatchfornaturalsigns.F．Besides，youshouldbefamiliarwithyourgovernment'swarningsystem.G．You'dbetterusetextsandsocialmediatocommunicatewithlovedones.四．语法填空（共1小题）7．（2024•湖南模拟）Chinahasmany（1）（tradition）festivalssuchastheDragonBoatFestival，theSpringFestival，theLanternFestivalandsoon.Peopleprepare（2）（decorate）themwithflowers，lanternsandfancydecorations.Inmany（3）（place），peopleliketoset（4）fireworks.Tilltoday，someofthem（5）（hold）aroundthecountry，（6）（attract）countlessvisitorstoparticipateinthem.Thereareavarietyofactivitiesinthesefestivals（7）peopleholdlotsofcompetitionstoentertainthemselves.（8）（interesting），guessinglanternriddlesisanessentialpartofthefestival，whichisalsoanactivityfromancienttimesto（9）present.What'smore，celebratingwesternfestivals（10）（be）becomingacommonphenomenon（现象）aroundthecountry.五．单词拼写（共10小题）8．（2021秋•西岗区校级月考）Herd（残疾）madetakingcareofthehomeandraisingafamilydifficult.（根据中英文提示填空）9．（2016秋•琼山区校级期末）Mymumaskedmetotellyouthatyourhelpwashighly（感激）．10．（2017春•五华区校级月考）Lifewasdifficultforher，butshestomakeendsmeet．11．（2018春•鼓楼区校级期末）Therewasnoameansoftransport，soNikihadtocycledthirtymiles．12．（2010•陕西）Thelocalgovernmentis（讨论）howtohelpthepoorinthecountryside．13．TheTrumpadministrationiU．S．CustomsandBorderProtectiontostopanyadultimmigrantswhocrossedtheborderillegallyandorderedimmediatearrest．14．（2022春•江海区校级月考）SinceIarrived，myfriendhasbroughtmetomyfirstopen﹣air.（根据句意填空）15．Toavoidsubsequenta，pleaseensurethattheL/Cstipulationsareprecise.16．（2024春•龙凤区校级期末）I'msorrythatIcan'tmaketoyourpartythisweekend.（用适当的词填空）17．（2024秋•朝阳区校级期中）Theyspentthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetherainforest.六．书面表达（共2小题）18．（2022春•永昌县校级期中）假如你是李华，学校英语教研室就你所喜爱的英语选修课《英语电影欣赏》（EnglishFilmAppreciation）向同学们征集意见。请你根据以下内容用英文给英语教研室写一封信，内容主要包括：1.说明你对这门英语选修课的喜爱；2.赞赏该课的优点；3.对该课的内容或方式提出两点建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearSirorMadam，________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua19．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AcuriousthingbegantohappeninmyhometownofAustin，Texas.Iwasatwork，listeningtothestoriesofmypsychotherapy（心理治疗）clients，buttheloudervoiceswouldbethoseofthesongbirdsoutsidetheofficewindow.HowhadInevernoticedthisbefore？Itwasdistractingaswellaspleasing.Myattentionwouldbepulledtosomeplaceoutsidethefamiliarwallsofmylife.ThebirdswereanicebreakandIhadtheideatostepaway.Myhusband，Philip，andIarebothpsychotherapistswhospentthepastdecadebuildingasuccessfulprivatepractice.It'schallengingtobringpersonalandprofessionallivestoastop.WehaveresponsibilitiestoJimmyandMarcie，oureight﹣year﹣oldtwins.Despiteourdesiretoliveasimplefamilylife，weweredrivenby"more，better，faster"inthepastdecade.Yet，Ididn'twantthisanymore.Wedecidedtotakeafamilygapyearabroadforayear，toexperiencecultures，languages，andfoodsoutofthecomfortzone.Inasmall，quietandwarmwoodenhouseintheTexascountry，webeganwritingoutourvisionandvaluesfortheyear.Themissionwasfairlysimple.Wewantedmoreslowtimeandmoretimeinnature.Wecommittedtoopeninguptowhatwasunknownandunexploredinthelifeofourfamilyandourselves.Me？WhatdidI，amiddle﹣agedwoman，wantoutofthis？IwantedtogainsomeinsightsintosomeunsettledfeelingsgrowingstrongerinsideofmeoverthepastyearthatIstruggledtounderstand.Theplanningtookaweekendaway.WewantedtorestandplayinThailandandChina.WewantedtopracticeourSpanish.WewantedtoengageinwhatwasdifferentandforeigninCostaRicaandMexicowithopenandcuriousminds.Wewantedtogettogethermoreandrelearnfromeachotherhowtofacetheworldwithfresheyes，creativityandwonder.注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。Gettingourselvesready，wesetoutonourfamilygapyearjourney.______Attheendofthejourney，Iknewmyselfbetter.______

2024-2025学年上学期杭州高一英语期末典型卷3参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2024春•吉安期末）VirginiaFinch，alocalresident，waspreparingThanksgivingmealsforthehomelesswithherdaughterwhensheheardaboutafamilylivingbehindagasstation.（1）Btodeliveramealtothem，Virginia（2）Aasightthatwoulddeeplymoveher.Behindthegasstation，VirginiafoundOliviaandEric，alongwiththeirthreeyoungdaughters，aged5years，14months，and4weeks.Thefamilyhadbeentravelingacrossthecountrywhentheir（3）Cbrokedown，leavingthemstranded（被滞留的）and（4）Doftheupcomingwinter.（5）A，Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck.Thefamilywasinavery（6）Dsituation，withlittlehopeforgifts，jobs，orevenenoughfood.Virginiaknewshehadtodomorethanjustprovidea（7）C.Determinedtohelp，Virginiadecidedtooffersomething（8）D.Virginiahadrecentlyrenovated（翻新）asecondhome，（9）Dtosellorrentit.（10）A，uponmeetingthisfamily，shechosetodosomethingremarkable.Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，（11）Dtheirlivescompletelyovernight."Ijustdidn'tthinkitwasreal，"Oliviaexpressed，surprisedbythe（12）B.Butitturnsoutthatitwasaveryreal（13）A.Virginia'sactofkindnessnotonlyprovidedthefamilywith（14）BandsafetybutalsogavethemabeautifulChristmas.Morethanthat，itrestoredtheir（15）Ainhumanity.（1）A．HesitatingB．DecidingC．PretendingD．Proving（2）A．ranacrossB．dreamedofC．backedupD．showedoff（3）A．tankB．marriageC．truckD．freedom（4）A．capableB．proudC．ashamedD．fearful（5）A．AfterallB．InsecretC．AtlastD．Inpublic（6）A．favorableB．nervousC．happyD．serious（7）A．linkB．guaranteeC．mealD．solution（8）A．similarB．professionalC．absoluteD．extraordinary（9）A．whisperingB．happeningC．learningD．intending（10）A．HoweverB．OtherwiseC．SometimesD．Meanwhile（11）A．investingB．creditingC．predictingD．changing（12）A．complexityB．generosityC．emergencyD．highlight（13）A．giftB．dangerC．messD．note（14）A．courageB．warmthC．educationD．reputation（15）A．faithB．sightC．paceD．function【考点】记叙文；人际交往．【答案】（1）﹣（5）BACDA（6）﹣（10）DCDDA（11）﹣（15）DBABA【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了弗吉妮娅的善行不仅给一个急需帮助的家庭带来了温暖和安全，也给了他们一个美好的圣诞节。更重要的是，它恢复了他们对人性的信心。【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.Hesitating犹豫；B.Deciding决定；C.Pretending假装；D.Proving证明。句意：弗吉妮娅决定给他们送一顿饭，她看到了一个令她深深感动的景象。根据上文"whensheheardaboutafamilylivingbehindagasstation."可知，弗吉妮娅决定给他们送一顿饭。故选B项。（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.ranacross偶遇；B.dreamedof梦想；C.backedup支持；D.showedoff炫耀。句意：弗吉妮娅决定给他们送一顿饭，她看到了一个令她深深感动的景象。根据下文"sightthatwoulddeeplymoveher"可知，她看到了一个令她深深感动的景象。故选A项。（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.tank坦克；B.marriage婚姻；C.truck卡车；D.freedom自由。句意：这家人在全国各地旅行时，他们的卡车坏了，他们被困在那里，害怕即将到来的冬天。根据下文"Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck"可知，这家人的卡车坏了。故选C项。（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.capable有能力的；B.proud自豪的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.fearful害怕的。句意：这家人在全国各地旅行时，他们的卡车坏了，他们被困在那里，害怕即将到来的冬天。根据上文"leavingthemstranded（被滞留的）"以及下文"Coloradohascoldandsnowywinters"可知，他们被困在那里，害怕即将到来的冬天。故选D项。（5）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.Afterall毕竟；B.Insecret秘密地；C.Atlast最后；D.Inpublic在公共场合。句意：毕竟，科罗拉多有寒冷多雪的冬天，在卡车里很难面对。根据下文"Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck."可知，表示强调。毕竟，科罗拉多有寒冷多雪的冬天，在卡车里很难面对。故选A项。（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.favorable有利的；B.nervous紧张的；C.happy快乐的；D.serious严肃的，严重的。句意：这个家庭的情况非常严重，没有希望得到礼物、工作，甚至没有足够的食物。根据下文"withlittlehopeforgifts，jobs，orevenenoughfood."可知，家庭状况非常严重、糟糕。故选D项。（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.link联系；B.guarantee保证；C.meal饭；D.solution解决措施。句意：弗吉妮娅知道她要做的不仅仅是提供一顿饭。根据下文"deliverameal"可知，弗吉妮娅要帮助他们更多，而不仅仅是一顿饭。故选C项。（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.professional专业的；C.absolute完全的；D.extraordinary非凡的，特别的。句意：弗吉妮娅决心提供帮助，决定提供一些特别的东西。根据下文"shechosetodosomethingremarkable"可知，弗吉尼亚决定提供一些特别的东西。故选D项。（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.whispering低声说；B.happening发生；C.learning学习；D.intending打算。句意：弗吉妮娅最近装修了第二套房子，打算出售或出租。根据上文"Virginiahadrecentlyrenovated（翻新）asecondhome...tosellorrentit"可知，装修了第二套房子的目的是打算出售或者出租。故选D项。（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.However然而；B.Otherwise否则；C.Sometimes有时；D.Meanwhile与此同时。句意：然而，在见到这个家庭后，她选择了做一件非凡的事情。根据下文"uponmeetingthisfamily，shechosetodosomethingremarkable"可知，前后为转折关系。故选A项。（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.investing投资；B.crediting把（钱）记入总账；C.predicting预测；D.changing改变。句意：她提供免租金的房子让这家人居住，甚至还布置了全套家具，一夜之间彻底改变了他们的生活。根据上文"Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully"可知，这家人没有经济来源，没有住房，所以免租金的房子改变了他们的生活。故选D项。（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.complexity复杂；B.generosity慷慨；C.emergency紧急；D.highlight最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分。句意：我只是不认为这是真的，"奥利维亚说，对这种慷慨感到惊讶。根据上文"Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，"可知，这是慷慨的行为。故选B项。（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.gift礼物；B.danger危险；C.mess肮脏；D.note笔记。句意：但事实证明，这是一个非常真实的礼物。根据上文"Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，"可知，这对处于困境的家庭来说，是一个非常好的礼物。故选A项。（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.courage勇气；B.warmth温暖；C.education教育；D.reputation名誉。句意：弗吉妮娅的善举不仅给这个家庭带来了温暖和安全，也给了他们一个美好的圣诞节。根据上文"Virginia'sactofkindness"以及"safety"可知，维吉尼亚的善举给这个家庭带来了温暖。故选B项。（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.faith信仰，信心；B.sight视力，视觉；C.pace步速；D.function功能。句意：更重要的是，它恢复了他们对人性的信心。根据上文"andsafetybutalsogavethemabeautifulChristmas.Morethanthat，itrestoredtheir"可知，在困难时，得到了别人的帮助，这是人性的表现，也恢复了他们对人性的信心。故选A项。【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。二．阅读理解（共4小题）2．（2024春•丰台区期末）StudentVolunteerInternships2023﹣2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships（实习）areavailableinWashington，D.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's（EPA）OfficeofWater.Youmustbeafull﹣timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfeldsofstudyareencouragedtoapply，includingdegreecandidatesinthefollowingsubjects：•Hydrology，aquaticbiology，marinescience，environmentalengineering，geology，meteorology，soilscience，etc•Publichealth，toxicology，sanitation，environmentaljustice，etc•Publicadministration，finance，management，communications，etcCandidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater﹣healthorpublic﹣healthrelatedfield，includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical，writtenandoralskills，theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam，andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull﹣time（40hoursperweek）orpart﹣time（20hoursperweek）schedule.Participantswillnotbepaid，butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeEPAemployeesduringtheirstay.Applicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis；however，mostprojectswillariseforinternshipopportunitiesduringtheSummerSemester.Pleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.Werecognizethattimeframesmayvaryduetoclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasnecessary.Thegeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows：SummerSemester（lateMaythroughlateAugust）FallSemester（SeptemberthroughDecember）SpringSemester（JanuarythroughApril）Toapply，emailaresume，coverletter，andashortwritingsample（maximum5pages）to：braschayko.kelley@.（1）Accordingtothepassage，applicantsarerequiredtoC.A.befull﹣timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorinapublic﹣healthrelatedfield（2）WhatwillEPAprovideforthevolunteerinterns？AA.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities.（3）Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplyfortheinternship？DA.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.C.Workinateamfor12weeks.D.Offerashortwritingsample.【考点】应用文；学习．【专题】阅读理解．【答案】CAD【分析】美国环保署水资源办公室提供2023﹣2024学年的学生志愿者实习机会，地点在华盛顿特区。招募对象为全日制本科生或研究生，鼓励多学科背景学生申请，包括环境科学、公共卫生等领域。实习生需具备分析、写作和口头表达能力，能独立及团队合作，有主动精神。实习期至少12周，可全职或兼职，无薪但可申请交通补助。申请全年开放，以滚动方式接受，主要实习时段为夏季学期，需提前至少两个月提交申请。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第五段Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical，writtenandoralskills，theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam，andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.（所要求的素质包括较强的分析、书面和口头表达能力，独立工作和团队合作的能力，以及积极主动的强烈愿望。）可知根据文章，申请人被要求有团队合作能力。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第六段Participantswillnotbepaid，butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.（参加者将不会获得报酬，但有资格申请交通费。）可知EPA将为志愿者实习生提供交通方面的财政支持。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Toapply，emailaresume，coverletter，andashortwritingsample（maximum5pages）to：braschayko.kelley@.（申请时，请将简历、求职信和一份简短的写作样本（最多5页）发送至：braschayko.kelley@epa.gov.）可知申请实习需要做提供一