2024-2025学年上学期福建高一英语期末典型卷1

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年上学期福建高一英语期末典型卷1一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2023秋•无锡期末）BaiPeilanistheChinesenameofMexicanacademicFloraBottonBeja，aprofessorattheCenterforAsianandAfricanStudiesatElColegiodeMexico.TheChinese（1）laninhernamestandsfororchid（兰花）inEnglish.IntraditionalChineseculture，theorchid（2）elegance，nobilityandfriendship.Nowinher90s，shewas（3）withtheoutstandingachievementawardattheOrchidAwardsonSept.8，（4）decadesofdevotiontostudyingandintroducingChinatoallSpanish﹣speakingcountries.BorninGreece，BottonmovedtoMexicowithherfamilyattheageof15，whereshesetoutona（5）journeythatfinallytiedherdestiny（命运）tothatofChina.Sheisnowrespectedasoneofthe（6）inthefieldofSinologyinMexico.Forher，whatstartedoutasasuitableacademicarrangement（7）developedintoadeeploveaffairwithChina.AsoneofthefirstacademicsinMexicotofocusonChinainthe1960s，Botton（8）todipintotherichtapestry（织锦）oftraditionalChineseculture，reflectingher（9）that"knowingaboutthepastisnecessarytounderstandthepresent".BottonfirsttraveledtoChinain1975，andshelaterworkedattheMexicanembassy（大使馆）inChina，actively（10）culturalexchangeefforts.Afterherdiplomatictenure（外交任期），shecontinued（11）culturalexchangesbetweenChinaandMexico.ShetranslatedChineseclassicbooksintoSpanish，enrichingtheunderstandingofChinesecultureamongSpanish﹣speaking（12）.AndshealsodealtwithmodernandcontemporaryChina，（13）researchonsociety，familyandwomen.Asapromoterbetweentwo（14）cultures，BottonhasconcludedthatMexicoandChinasharetraditionalvaluesoffamily（15），aswellasrespectfortheelderlyandforregionalcultures.（1）A．imageB．flowerC．characterD．painting（2）A．standsforB．showsoffC．takesonD．looksinto（3）A．providedB．blessedC．honoredD．equipped（4）A．inmemoryofB．withrespecttoC．onbehalfofD．inrecognitionof（5）A．lonelyB．remarkableC．toughD．usual（6）A．pioneersB．rolesC．professorsD．chiefs（7）A．recentlyB．eventuallyC．continuouslyD．occasionally（8）A．refusedB．agreedC．hesitatedD．chose（9）A．beliefB．confidenceC．dreamD．assumption（10）A．relatingtoB．resultinginC．engaginginD．turningto（11）A．discoveringB．advertisingC．preventingD．promoting（12）A．loversB．viewersC．publishersD．readers（13）A．conductingB．publishingC．harvestingD．ignoring（14）A．similarB．distinctC．relativeD．opposite（15）A．originsB．tiesC．religionsD．memories二．阅读理解（共4小题）2．（2024•海南模拟）Imagineahorizontalline.Theveryleftismarkedonethousandandtheveryrightismarkedonebillion.Onthisline，wherewouldyouaddamarkertorepresentonemillion？Ifyousaidsomewhereinthemiddle，youansweredthesameastheroughly50percentofpeoplewhohavedonethisexerciseinanumberlinestudy.Buttheanswerisactuallymuchclosertoonethousandsincethereareonethousandmillionsinonebillion.Thiserrormakessensebecause"ourhumanbrainsareprettybadatcomprehendinglargenumbers，"saysElizabethToomarian，aneducationalneuroscientistatStanfordUniversity.Ourbrainisbuilttounderstandhowmuchofsomethingisinitsenvironment.Butcomprehendingthenationaldebtorimaginingthesizeofouruniverse？"Wecertainlycanuseourbrainsinthatway，butwe'rerecyclingthesesortsofevolutionarily（进化地）oldbrainarchitecturestodosomethingreallynew，"shesays.Inotherwords，it'snotourfaultthatwehavetroublewrappingourheadsaroundbignumbers.Sowhatcanwedoaboutthestruggletounderstandbignumbers？Itissuggestedtousemetaphors，analogies（类比）andvisualizations.Thesetechniquesbringbignumbersdowntoamorecomprehensiblescale（比例）andideallymakeitrelevanttosomethinginourdailylives.Forexample，itmaybedifficultformostpeopletoaccuratelyplacetheextinctionofthedinosaursonatimelinebetweentheBigBangandhumansbecausethefirsttwobothseemtobeplacedtothedistantpath.Butwhenconceptualizing（概念化）theseeventsusinga"calendar"，itbecomeseasier.TheBigBangoccurredat12a.m.onJanuary1stonthecalendar.Dinosaurswereonlypresentforroughlythelastweekoftheyear.AndhumansonlyemergedinthelasteightsendsDecember31st，at12：59：52p.m.It'sclearnowthatdinosaursaremuchclosertohumansthantheBigBangonatimeline.Thesemetaphorsandanalogiesareimportantifpeoplearetoreallyweighthecostsandbenefitsofeventsintheirlives.Theconceptnotonlyappliestolong﹣termdecisions，butpublicpolicies.（1）Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinthefirstparagraph？A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Toexplainthemainidea.C．Tomakeasummaryofthetext.D．Tomakecomparisonswithothertopics.（2）AccordingtoToomarian，what'stoblameforbeingunabletoworkoutbignumbers？A．Thelackofconceptualtechniques.B．Theunwillingnesstolearnsomethingnew.C．Ourlowabilitytoevaluateandcompare.D．Ourinbornnatureduetoevolutionaryfactors.（3）Whatisrecommendedfortheunderstandingofbignumbers？A．Makingthemrelatedtoeachother.B．Wrappingourheadsaroundthem.C．Usingtechniquestoputthemtoasmallerscale.D．Applyingacalendartopresentthem.（4）Whatwillprobablybefurtherdiscussedinthefollowingparagraph？A．Howtomakelong﹣termdecisions.B．Howmetaphorsandanalogieshelpsolvepublicproblems.C．Howtoweighthecostsandbenefitsinourlife.D．Howimportantpublicpoliciesareinourlife3．（2024春•中牟县期末）Mathematicshasbeenawell﹣developedsubjectsinceancienttimesinChina.Leadingfiguresbackthenputforwardmanyideasandwroteclassicsthathavecontinuedtoinfluencetheworld.Herearethreeexamples.TheGougutheoremTheGougutheoremstatesthatinaright﹣angledtriangle，thesquareofthehypotenuse（斜边）isequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides.IntheWesternworld，itisknownasthePythagoreantheorem.TheearliestrecordofthistheoremdatesbacktotheChinesemathematicalclassicZhouBiSuanJing，severalhundredyearsbeforeitwasdiscoveredintheWest.NineChaptersontheArtofCalculationNineChaptersontheArtofCalculationisaChinesemathematicalclassic.Thebook，madeupofninechaptersandsolutionsto246problems，summarizesChina'smathematicalachievementsfromthepre﹣QinperiodtotheEasternHanDynasty.Includingnegativenumbers（负数）andfraction（分数）calculations，thebookwasintroducedtoKoreaandJapanduringtheSuiandTangdynasties，servingasatextbook.LubanlockTheLubanlockwasfirstcreatedbyChinesecarpenterLuBan2，000yearsago.LegendhasitthatLuusedsixwoodenpiecestomakeatoytotesthisson'sintelligence.Thesixpiecesarehardtoseparate.Theinventionhastrainedthemathematicalthinkingofthosewhoplaywithit.Byapplyinggeometricthinking，playerscanassemble（组装）thepiecesinmanyways.（1）WhatcanwelearnfromtheGougutheorem？A．ItwasfirstcreatedbyLuBan.B．ItwasfirstrecordedinZhouBiSuanJing.C．Itfirstspreadoverseas.D．Itwasfirstmadeintoatoyforchildren.（2）WhatisspecialaboutNineChaptersontheArtofCalculation？A．Itisakindofart.B．Itcansolvecalculationproblems.C．ItistheearliestmathematicalworkinChina.D．Itisacollectionofmathematicalachievements.（3）Inwhichpartofamagazinecanyoufindthispassage？A．Culture.B．Entertainment.C．Travel.D．Sports.4．（2024春•达拉特旗校级期末）"WhydoAsiansusuallysteam（清蒸）afishfortheNewYearwhenitcanbecookedinvariousways？"askedAndyRicker，whoranseveralfamousThairestaurantsinAmerica."Itcanbefriedorroasted.Butifyouliveonacoast，orhaveaccesstofirst﹣ratefish，steamingisthebestwaytogo."Anotherreasonisthat，intherightcontext，fishstandforgoodluck.TheChinesewordsfor"fish"and"plenty"havethesamepronunciation，andafish，eatenontheeveofthelunarnewyear，representsawishforplentyofgoodthingstocome.Therefore，enoughfishshouldbecookedtoensureleftovers，whichmeanhopesforabundanceintheyearahead.SuchluckydishesarenotuniquetoAsians.OnNewYear'sDayinAmerica，blacksouthernershavebeeneatingHoppin'John，adeliciousdishofriceandblack﹣eyedbeans（豆），cookedwithsaltedporkorsmokedham（interestinAfrican﹣Americanculturehasmadetherecipepopularelsewhere）.Thebeanssymbolizecoins，andthegreensthatareusuallyservedaswellstandfordollarbills.Somepeopleevenputacleancoininthepot.Whoevergetsitontheirplatewillenjoyalotofgoodluck.Diverseasthesedishesare，theyallrepresenthopesforgoodfortune.Fish，beansandgreensareneithercostlynorextraordinary，suggestingthatluckisnotsomethingboughtexpensivelyorsoughtwithdifficulty.Goodfortune，theysuggest，liesallaround，andisalwayswithinreach.Whetheranyoneactuallybelievesintherelationshipbetweeneatingthesefoodsandreceivingthepromisedbenefitsisunclear.Mainly，thesefoodtraditionscontinueforthesamereasonthatothertraditionsdo：Peoplehavefondmemoriesofcelebratingthemwiththeirparents，andwanttopassthemdowntotheirownchildren.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"abundance"inparagraph2referto？A.Deliciousmeals.B.Foodleftattheendofameal.C.Alotofgoodthings.D.Generalsituationrelatedtoanevent.（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutHoppin'John？A.Itisakindofvegetable.B.Itisapieceofdeliciousmeat.C.Itisauniqueluckyname.D.ItisanAfrican﹣Americandish.（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheluckydishes？A.Ordinary.B.Expensive.C.Rare.D.Fresh.（4）Whydomostpeoplefollowthetraditionaccordingtotheauthor？A.Theirparentstoldthemtodoso.B.Theirchildrenwanttocarrythemon.C.Theyvaluetheexperiencebehindthefood.D.Theytrulybelieveinthefood﹣for﹣luckstories.5．（2024春•辽宁期末）In2019，76%ofpeoplebetweentheagesof65and74，whoparticipatedinasurvey，saidtheyusedsocialmedia，comparedto40%fiveyearsearlier.Anincreaseinsocialmediausewasalsoseenamongpeopleaged75andover.AgrowingnumberofelderlypeopleareactiveonsocialnetworksandareusingtheInternettomakecalls.Buthowwillyoureactwhenyoufindoutyourgrandparentsareusingsocialmedia？Thetwomostcommonreactionsseemtobe，"Ohno!They'regoingtoseeeverythingIpostandstartwritingcomments"or"I'mgoingtohavetospendhoursteachingthemhowtoworkthis".It'sonlyreasonablethatyourgrandparentsshouldneedhelptocreateanaccountonFacebook.Andwho'sabetterexpertthanyoutoteachthemthebasicsofsocialmedia？Youcaneitherbravelyofferyourhelporregretitlater.Oncetheyhavelearnedhowtousesocialmedia，theymaynevergetofftheirdeviceagain!TakeBaddieWinkle，forexample.This92﹣year﹣oldgrannyhasoverthreemillionfollowersonInstagram，includingsomecelebrities（名人）!Youshouldbehappyyourgrandparentsareeagertojointhedigitalworlds.Socialmediausecanhaveanumberofhealthbenefitsfortheelderly.Nowadaysfamiliesaremoregeographicallydistantthaneverbefore，andsocialmediaisagreatwaytoconnectwithfarawayrelatives.Whilenothingreplacesface﹣to﹣facecommunication，socialmediaisagreatwaytokeepintouchwithfamilymembers.Anotherbenefitisthatelderlypeoplecanmakenewfriendswhohavesimilarinterests，orfindlong﹣lostfriendsfromchildhood.Finally，socialmediausecanbeveryeducational.LookingthroughFacebooknewsisagreatwaytostayinformedandkeepuptodatewithlocalandglobalevents.Haveyourgrandparentshadasocialmediaaccountyet？Havetheyaskedyoutohelpthemcreateone，butyoudidn'tbother？Perhapsyoushouldmaketheeffortbecauseitmayaffecttheirqualityoflife.（1）Howdoyoungpeopleusuallyreacttotheirgrandparents'usingsocialmedia？A.Theyfinditamazing.B.Theytrytoofferadvice.C.Theyhavemuchconcern.D.Theypaylittleattentiontoit.（2）WhatcanbelearnedaboutBaddieWinkle？A.Shemainlyfocusesoncelebrities.B.Sheisfamousonsocialmediadespiteherage.C.Shefindsiteasytolearnhowtousesocialmedia.D.Shetriesveryhardtobehavelikeanordinaryperson.（3）Socialmediausecanmaketheelderly.A.createFacebooknewsB.keepupwiththetimesC.keepgoodhealthphysicallyD.replaceface﹣to﹣facecommunication（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A.GrandparentsbusyonlineB.Grandparents'qualitytimeC.Socialmedia'shealthbenefitsD.Socialmedia'sincreasinguse三．信息匹配（共1小题）6．（2021秋•合阳县校级月考）HowtoStaySafeWhenAnEarthquakeHappensWhatshouldyoudowhenanearthquakecomesaboutunexpectedly？（1）.Whenwalkingoutside（2），becausesigns，brokenwindows，tools，buildingmaterialsandsoonareallprobablycomedowntoyoufromoverhead.Protectyourheadwithyourbagorcoatandkeepatadistancefromtallbuildings.Stonewallsandpillarscanalsofalldownandareprobablydangerous.（3）Firmlyholdthesteeringwheel（方向盘），graduallyreducespeed，parkyourcaronthesideoftheroad，andstoptheengine.Listentoinformationontheradioandfindoutwhatishappening.Ifyouneedtoevacuate（撤出），leaveyourkeys，keepthedoorunlocked，andwalkawaywithyourcardocumentsandvaluables.WhenundergroundorinasubwayTheshakingyoufeelwhenyouareundergroundisabouthalfofwhatyouwouldexperienceoverground.（4）.Calmlyevacuate，followinginstructionsfromshopclerksandsubwaystaff.Wheninahigh﹣risebuildingElevatorswithearthquakesensorswillstopatthenearestfloor.Immediatelyleavetheelevator.（5），usethefixedtelephonetogetintouchwithsomeoneoutsideandwaitforrescue.Whenyouevacuatefrombuildings，neveruseelevators，listentoannouncementsandusethestairstoleavethebuilding.A.Don'teventhinkaboutgoingtowatchtsunamisB.BecarefulaboutfallingobjectsC.HerearesometipsforyouD.PayattentiontotheweatherofanearthquakeE.Additionally，undergroundareasaresaferthanhigh﹣risebuildingsF.WhendrivingacarG.Ifyougettrappedintheelevator四．选词填空（共1小题）7．Completethesentencesusingthecorrectformofthewordsandphrasegivenbelow.rejecthungerminimumdevote...toinfluentialpublisherproductionchampionship（1）HeisoneofthemostpoetsintheTangdynasty.（2）YuanLongpinghashisliferice.（3）Becauseoftheseveredroughtthousandsofpeoplearedyingfromeveryday.（4）"Thisistheamountofmoneywe'llreceive，"shesaid.（5）LiNaisthefirstChineseplayerwhowonintennis.（6）Herworkswerebymanytimes，butshedidn'tgiveup.五．语法填空（共1小题）8．（2024•海南模拟）TheYinggedanceisacombinationofopera，danceandwushu.Typically，thedance（1）（perform）duringfestivalsandcelebrations，withdancerswearingcolorfulcostumesandcarryingmasks，snakes，spearsanddrums.Itsrichhistoryandcultural（2）（significant）haveearneditthedistinctionofbeingclassifiedasanationalintangibleculturalheritage（遗产）inChina.OnChineseNewYear，aYinggeteam（3）（consist）of16dancersfromtheChaoshanregionofGuangdongProvincegaveawonderfulperformanceinLondon.Theeventprovided（4）uniqueopportunityforUKresidentstoexperiencetherichnessanddiversityofChineseculture.Thedanceteam'scommitment（5）theircraftwasevidentintheirpreparation.Foroveramonth，theydevoted（6）（they）toperfectingtheirperformance，ensuringeverystep，everygesture，andeverybeatwasinharmony.Thedancers，manyof（7）hadmorethan15yearsofperformanceexperience，showedtheirdevotiontopreservingthisancientartform.Sofar，theYinggedance（8）（cross）borders，attractingaudiencesinforeigncountriessuchasThailand.ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalhasbecomeaglobalphenomenon，with"SpringFestivalParades"（9）（hold）inseveralcountrieseachyear.Nearlyone﹣fifthoftheworld'spopulationnowcelebratestheChineseNewYearin（10）（vary）styles，reflectingthegrowinginfluenceofChinesecultureworldwide.六．书面表达（共1小题）9．（2024•苏州开学）上周五你校高三年级在学校菜园开展了一次劳动实践课，假如你是李华，请你给校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：（1）时间和地点；（2）劳动的过程；（3）课程反响。注意：（1）词数80左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Anunforgettablehands﹣onlaborcourse______

2024-2025学年上学期福建高一英语期末典型卷1参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2023秋•无锡期末）BaiPeilanistheChinesenameofMexicanacademicFloraBottonBeja，aprofessorattheCenterforAsianandAfricanStudiesatElColegiodeMexico.TheChinese（1）Claninhernamestandsfororchid（兰花）inEnglish.IntraditionalChineseculture，theorchid（2）Aelegance，nobilityandfriendship.Nowinher90s，shewas（3）CwiththeoutstandingachievementawardattheOrchidAwardsonSept.8，（4）DdecadesofdevotiontostudyingandintroducingChinatoallSpanish﹣speakingcountries.BorninGreece，BottonmovedtoMexicowithherfamilyattheageof15，whereshesetoutona（5）Bjourneythatfinallytiedherdestiny（命运）tothatofChina.Sheisnowrespectedasoneofthe（6）AinthefieldofSinologyinMexico.Forher，whatstartedoutasasuitableacademicarrangement（7）BdevelopedintoadeeploveaffairwithChina.AsoneofthefirstacademicsinMexicotofocusonChinainthe1960s，Botton（8）Dtodipintotherichtapestry（织锦）oftraditionalChineseculture，reflectingher（9）Athat"knowingaboutthepastisnecessarytounderstandthepresent".BottonfirsttraveledtoChinain1975，andshelaterworkedattheMexicanembassy（大使馆）inChina，actively（10）Cculturalexchangeefforts.Afterherdiplomatictenure（外交任期），shecontinued（11）DculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandMexico.ShetranslatedChineseclassicbooksintoSpanish，enrichingtheunderstandingofChinesecultureamongSpanish﹣speaking（12）D.AndshealsodealtwithmodernandcontemporaryChina，（13）Aresearchonsociety，familyandwomen.Asapromoterbetweentwo（14）Bcultures，BottonhasconcludedthatMexicoandChinasharetraditionalvaluesoffamily（15）B，aswellasrespectfortheelderlyandforregionalcultures.（1）A．imageB．flowerC．characterD．painting（2）A．standsforB．showsoffC．takesonD．looksinto（3）A．providedB．blessedC．honoredD．equipped（4）A．inmemoryofB．withrespecttoC．onbehalfofD．inrecognitionof（5）A．lonelyB．remarkableC．toughD．usual（6）A．pioneersB．rolesC．professorsD．chiefs（7）A．recentlyB．eventuallyC．continuouslyD．occasionally（8）A．refusedB．agreedC．hesitatedD．chose（9）A．beliefB．confidenceC．dreamD．assumption（10）A．relatingtoB．resultinginC．engaginginD．turningto（11）A．discoveringB．advertisingC．preventingD．promoting（12）A．loversB．viewersC．publishersD．readers（13）A．conductingB．publishingC．harvestingD．ignoring（14）A．similarB．distinctC．relativeD．opposite（15）A．originsB．tiesC．religionsD．memories【考点】记叙文；跨文化交际．【答案】（1）﹣（5）CACDB（6）﹣（10）ABDAC（11）﹣（15）DDABB【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了墨西哥学院亚非研究中心教授白佩兰女士与中国的不解之缘，她为向西班牙语世界介绍中国做出了突出贡献。【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.image形象；B.flower花；C.character文字；D.painting绘画。句意：她的名字中的汉字"兰"在英语中代表兰花。根据空后的"laninhername"可知，这里是说她名字中的"兰"这个汉字。故选C。（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.standsfor代表；B.showsof炫耀；C.takeson呈现；D.looksinto调查。句意：在中国传统文化中，兰花代表优雅、高贵和友谊。根据空前的"theorchid"和空后的"elegance，nobilityandfriendship"可知，这里是说兰花所代表的含义。故选A。（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.provided提供；B.blessed祝福；C.honored给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）；D.equipped配备，装备。句意：现年90多岁的她在9月8日的兰花奖上获得了杰出成就奖，以表彰她几十年来致力于研究中国并将其介绍给所有西班牙语国家。根据空后的"withtheoutstandingachievementawardattheOrchidAwards"可知，她被授予兰花奖的杰出成就奖。故选C。（4）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.inmemoryof为纪念；B.withrespectto关于，就…….而言；C.onbehalfof代表；D.inrecognitionof为奖励。句意：现年90多岁的她在9月8日的兰花奖上获得了杰出成就奖，以表彰她几十年来致力于研究中国并将其介绍给所有西班牙语国家。根据上文"Nowinher90s，shewas（3）withtheoutstandingachievementawardattheOrchidAwardsonSept.8"和空后的"decadesofdevotiontostudyingandintroducingChinatoallSpanish﹣speakingcountries"可知，给她颁发这个奖项是为了表彰她的突出贡献。故选D。（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.lonely孤独的；B.remarkable非凡的，奇异的；C.tough艰难的；D.usual通常的。句意：Botton出生于希腊，15岁时随家人移居墨西哥，在那里她开始了一段非凡的旅程，最终将自己的命运与中国的命运联系在一起。根据空后的"journeythatfinallytiedherdestiny（命运）tothatofChina"可知，她在墨西哥开启的这段旅程最终将自己的命运和中国的命运联系在一起，由此可知，她踏上了一段非凡的旅程。故选B。（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.pioneers先驱，带头人，拓荒者；B.roles角色；C.professors教授；D.chiefs首领。句意：她现在被尊为墨西哥汉学领域的开拓者之一。根据空后的"inthefieldofSinologyinMexico"并结合下文中的"AsoneofthefirstacademicsinMexicotofocusonChinainthe1960s"和"ShetranslatedChineseclassicbooksintoSpanish，enrichingtheunderstandingofChinesecultureamongSpanish﹣speaking（12）.AndshealsodealtwithmodernandcontemporaryChina，（13）researchonsociety，familyandwomen."可知，她是墨西哥20世纪60年代最早关注中国的学者之一，在汉学领域的研究非常深刻，并且帮助西语世界的人了解中国文化，由此可推测出，她是墨西哥汉学领域的开拓者之一。故选A。（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.recently最近；B.eventually最后，终于；C.continuously持续地；D.occasionally偶然。句意：对她来说，一开始只是一种合适的学术安排，最终发展成了对中国的深深热爱。根据句中的"whatstartedoutasasuitableacademicarrangement"'developedintoadeeploveaffairwithChina"可知，一开始于她而言只是一项学术安排，但最终发展成了对中国的深切之爱。故选B。（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.refused拒绝；B.agreed同意；C.hesitated犹豫，迟疑不决；D.chose选择。句意：作为20世纪60年代墨西哥最早关注中国的学者之一，Botton选择深入研究中国传统文化的丰富多彩，这反映了她"了解过去是理解现在的必要条件"的看法。根据空后的"todipintotherichtapestry（织锦）oftraditionalChineseculture"可知，她选择深入研究中国传统文化，故选D。（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.belief相信，看法；B.confidence自信；C.dream梦想；D.assumption假设。句意：作为20世纪60年代墨西哥最早关注中国的学者之一，Botton选择深入研究中国传统文化的丰富多彩，这反映了她"了解过去是理解现在的必要条件"的看法。根据that后面的"knowingaboutthepastisnecessarytounderstandthepresent"可知，"了解过去是理解现在的必要条件"是她的看法。故选A。（10）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.relatingto涉及，与……相关；B.resultingin导致；C.engagingin从事，参加；D.turningto向……求助（或寻求指教等）。句意：Botton于1975年首次访问中国，后来在墨西哥驻华大使馆工作，积极从事文化交流工作。根据空前的"actively"和空后的"culturalexchangeefforts"可知，她积极从事文化交流工作。故选C。（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.discovering发现；B.advertising做广告；C.preventing阻止；D.promoting促进，提升。句意：在外交任期结束后，她继续推动中墨文化交流。根据空前的"continued'"和前文中的"actively（10）culturalexchangeefforts"以及下文中的"Asapromoterbetweentwo（14）cultures"可知，她继续推动中墨文化交流。故选D。（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.lovers爱好者；B.viewers电视观众；C.publishers出版人；D.readers读者。句意：她将中国经典书籍翻译成西班牙语，丰富了西班牙语读者对中国文化的理解。根据句中的"ShetranslatedChineseclassicbooksintoSpanish"并结合常识可知，她将中国经典书籍翻译成西班牙语，是为了让西班牙语读者阅读。故选D。（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.conducting执行，组织，实施；B.publishing出版；C.harvesting收割；D.ignoring忽视。句意：她还讨论近现代中国，对社会、家庭和妇女进行研究。根据空后的"research"和上文中的"studyingandintroducingChinatoallSpanish﹣speakingcountries"可知，她开展关于社会、家庭和妇女的研究。故选A。（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.distinct截然不同的；C.relative比较的；D.opposite相反的。句意：作为两种不同文化之间的推动者，Botton得出结论，墨西哥和中国在家庭关系、尊重老年人和地区文化方面有着共同的传统价值观。根据常识和空后的"cultures"可知，中墨文化截然不同。故选B。（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.origins起源；B.ties纽带，关系；C.religions宗教；D.memories记忆力。句意：作为两种不同文化之间的推动者，Botton得出结论，墨西哥和中国在家庭关系、尊重老年人和地区文化方面有着共同的传统价值观。根据空前的family可知，这里指的是家庭关系。故选B。【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。二．阅读理解（共4小题）2．（2024•海南模拟）Imagineahorizontalline.Theveryleftismarkedonethousandandtheveryrightismarkedonebillion.Onthisline，wherewouldyouaddamarkertorepresentonemillion？Ifyousaidsomewhereinthemiddle，youansweredthesameastheroughly50percentofpeoplewhohavedonethisexerciseinanumberlinestudy.Buttheanswerisactuallymuchclosertoonethousandsincethereareonethousandmillionsinonebillion.Thiserrormakessensebecause"ourhumanbrainsareprettybadatcomprehendinglargenumbers，"saysElizabethToomarian，aneducationalneuroscientistatStanfordUniversity.Ourbrainisbuilttounderstandhowmuchofsomethingisinitsenvironment.Butcomprehendingthenationaldebtorimaginingthesizeofouruniverse？"Wecertainlycanuseourbrainsinthatway，butwe'rerecyclingthesesortsofevolutionarily（进化地）oldbrainarchitecturestodosomethingreallynew，"shesays.Inotherwords，it'snotourfaultthatwehavetroublewrappingourheadsaroundbignumbers.Sowhatcanwedoaboutthestruggletounderstandbignumbers？Itissuggestedtousemetaphors，analogies（类比）andvisualizations.Thesetechniquesbringbignumbersdowntoamorecomprehensiblescale（比例）andideallymakeitrelevanttosomethinginourdailylives.Forexample，itmaybedifficultformostpeopletoaccuratelyplacetheextinctionofthedinosaursonatimelinebetweentheBigBangandhumansbecausethefirsttwobothseemtobeplacedtothedistantpath.Butwhenconceptualizing（概念化）theseeventsusinga"calendar"，itbecomeseasier.TheBigBangoccurredat12a.m.onJanuary1stonthecalendar.Dinosaurswereonlypresentforroughlythelastweekoftheyear.AndhumansonlyemergedinthelasteightsendsDecember31st，at12：59：52p.m.It'sclearnowthatdinosaursaremuchclosertohumansthantheBigBangonatimeline.Thesemetaphorsandanalogiesareimportantifpeoplearetoreallyweighthecostsandbenefitsofeventsintheirlives.Theconceptnotonlyappliestolong﹣termdecisions，butpublicpolicies.（1）Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinthefirstparagraph？AA．Tointroducethetopic.B．Toexplainthemainidea.C．Tomakeasummaryofthetext.D．Tomakecomparisonswithothertopics.（2）AccordingtoToomarian，what'stoblameforbeingunabletoworkoutbignumbers？DA．Thelackofconceptualtechniques.B．Theunwillingnesstolearnsomethingnew.C．Ourlowabilitytoevaluateandcompare.D．Ourinbornnatureduetoevolutionaryfactors.（3）Whatisrecommendedfortheunderstandingofbignumbers？CA．Makingthemrelatedtoeachother.B．Wrappingourheadsaroundthem.C．Usingtechniquestoputthemtoasmallerscale.D．Applyingacalendartopresentthem.（4）Whatwillprobablybefurtherdiscussedinthefollowingparagraph？BA．Howtomakelong﹣termdecisions.B．Howmetaphorsandanalogieshelpsolvepublicproblems.C．Howtoweighthecostsandbenefitsinourlife.D．Howimportantpublicpoliciesareinourlife【考点】说明文；科普知识．【专题】阅读理解．【答案】ADCB【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类在面对大数字理解上的困难，以及如何通过隐喻、类比和形象化等技巧来克服这种困难。【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Thiserrormakessensebecause"ourhumanbrainsareprettybadatcomprehendinglargenumbers，"saysElizabethToomarian，aneducationalneuroscientistatStanfordUniversity.Ourbrainisbuilttounderstandhowmuchofsomethingisinitsenvironment.Butcomprehendingthenationaldebtorimaginingthesizeofouruniverse？（斯坦福大学的教育神经科学家ElizabethToomarian说，这个错误是有道理的，因为"我们的大脑在理解大量数字方面相当糟糕"。我们的大脑是为了了解环境中有多少东西。但是，理解国债还是想象我们宇宙的大小呢？）可知，作者在第一段提到这个例子是为了引出本文的话题，即我们的大脑如何理解大数字，故选A。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段"Wecertainlycanuseourbrainsinthatway，butwe'rerecyclingthesesortsofevolutionarily（进化地）oldbrainarchitecturestodosomethingreallynew，"shesays.（她说："我们当然可以用这种方式使用我们的大脑，但我们正在回收这些进化上旧的大脑结构，以做一些真正新的事情。"）可知，根据Toomarian的说法，不能计算大数字的原因是由进化因素决定的我们与生俱来的天性，故选D。（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Itissuggestedtousemetaphors，analogies（类比）andvisualizations.Thesetechniquesbringbignumbersdowntoamorecomprehensiblescale（比例）andideallymakeit