《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件-柑橘蓟马（双语）

柑橘病虫害绿色防控柑橘蓟马GreenPreventionandControlofCitrusDiseasesandPestsScirtothripsCitri柑橘蓟马Scirtothripscitri柑橘蓟马缨翅目昆虫统称为蓟马。Thysanopterainsectsarecollectivelycalledthrips.Scirtothripscitri柑橘蓟马显微镜下的茶黄蓟马Scirtothripsdorsalishoodobservedunderamicroscope显微镜下的八节黄蓟马Thripsflavidulus(Bagnall)observedunderamicroscopeScirtothripscitri识别特征缨翅IdentificationcharacteristicsThysanoptera识别特征锉吸式口器IdentificationcharacteristicsRasping-suckingmouthparts为害特点蓟马有趋嫩习性Thripshaveatendencytotenderness.Damagefeatures为害特点--为害枝梢Damagefeatures-damagetoshoots为害特点--为害新梢Damagefeatures-damagetoyoungsprouts为害特点--为害枝条Damagefeatures-damagetobranches为害特点--为害花朵Damagefeatures-damagetoflowers为害特点--为害幼果Damagefeatures-damagetofruitlets为害特点--为害果实Damagefeatures-damagetofruits为害特点Damagefeatures发生规律Occurrencelaw1.气温较高的地区，一年可发生7～8代。Thripscanproduceseventoeightgenerationseveryyearinareaswithhightemperatures.2.以卵在秋梢新叶组织内、树皮、落叶、杂草、土壤中越冬。第二年3～4月越冬卵孵化后在嫩叶和幼果上取食。Generally,theyoverwinteraseggsinthenewleaftissuesofautumnshoots,barks,fallenleaves,weeds,andsoils.TheoverwinteringeggswillbehatchedfromMarchtoAprilofthenextyear.Afterwards,theywillfeedontenderleavesandfruitlets.3.蓟马主要活动时间在夜间、傍晚和阴天，喜欢到阴凉的叶背、花心、萼片等部位吸食。Thripsmainlymoveatnight,atdusk,andoncloudydays.Thripsliketosuckontheshadyleafback,flowerheart,sepalsandotherparts.4.蓟马喜欢干旱环境。Thripslikearidenvironments.蓟马防治难Difficultpreventionandcontrolofthrips1.蓟马个体很小，且危害位置隐蔽。Thripshaveaverysmallbodytypeandcausedamageinhiddenpositions.2.蓟马抗药性增强。Thripshaveincreaseddrugresistance.3.果园套种黄瓜、茄子、玉米等。Cucumbers,eggplants,andcornareinterplantedinorchards.综合防治Integratedcontrol1.农业防治Agriculturalcontrol加强田间栽培管理，重视冬季清园。Itisnecessarytostrengthenfieldcultivationmanagementandpayattentiontoorchardcleaninginwinter.开春清除园内枯枝落叶并集中烧毁。Inthespring,itmustremovedeadbranchesandfallenleavesfromtheorchardsandburntheminacentralizedmanner.开春前除草，干旱时及时灌水。Weedingshallbeconductedbeforespringandtheorchardsshallbeirrigatedintimeduringdrought.定植园尽可能要远离蓟马宿主玉米、茄子、香蕉、甘蔗，更不宜套种这些作物。Theplantationshouldbeasfarawayfromthethripshostcorn,eggplant,bananaandsugarcaneaspossible,andthesecropsshouldnotbeinterplanted.综合防治Integratedcontrol2.物理防治PhysicalControl使用粘虫板。Stickytrapswillbeused.蓟马对不同颜色具有不同的趋性，它们最喜欢深蓝色和蓝色，其次是白色，可用蓝板诱杀蓟马。Thripshavedifferenttaxisfordifferentcolors,theypreferdarkblueandblue,followedbywhite,whichcanbetrappedandkilledwithblueboards.蓝板的方位不同诱杀效果不同，其中朝南和朝东的效果较好。高度2米左右，一亩地大概挂30张。Theblueboardshavedifferenttrappingandkillingeffectsindifferentorientations,andeffectsarebetterwhenfacingsouthandeast.Theirheightsareabout2meters,andabout30blueboardsarehungononemuofland.综合防治Integratedcontrol3.生物防治BiologicalControl蓟马的天敌有中华微刺盲蝽、东亚小花蝽、中华草蛉幼虫等，其中中华微刺盲蝽效果最好，对蓟马的数量起到一定的控制作用。ThenaturalenemiesofthripsincludeCampylommachinensis,Oriussauteri,andlacewinglarvae,amongwhichCampylommachinensishasthebesteffectandplaysacertainroleincontrollingthenumberofthrips.绿僵菌、白僵菌能对其效果也不错。MetarhiziumanisopliaeandBeauveriabassianacanalsoworkwellonthem.部分蓟马还能都通过信息素的方式来诱杀。Certainthripscanbetrappedandkilledusingpheromone.综合防治Integratedcontrol4.化学防治ChemicalControl提前进行防治，若错过防治适期，用药量大，效果还不好。蓟马昼伏夜出，选在早晨或傍晚用药效果较好。Controlmeasuresshouldbetakeninadvance.Ifnot,thecontroldosagewillbelargeandtheeffectwillnotbegood.Thripsarehidinginthedaytimeandcomingoutatnight,soitisbettertousemedicineinthemorningoratdusk.进行喷雾防治时要全面细致，最好在地面枯枝落叶和杂草处也要喷药。Sprayingshouldbeconductedcomprehensivelyandmeticulously.Itisadvisedtospraychemicalsatthedeadbranches,fallenleavesandweedsontheground.保护地蓟马的防治可以采用熏棚和叶面喷雾相结合的方法。露地蓟马防治可以地上、地下相结合。Forthecontrolofthripsinprotectedfields,acombinationofshedfumigationandfoliarsprayingcanb