2024-2025学年新教材高中英语综合素养评估卷新人教版必修第一册

PAGE综合素养评估卷时间:120分钟分数:120分其次部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2024·浙江1月卷)ExplorersCamp•Fulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.•Monday-Friday,July8-26,9a.m.-4p.m.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-19Week3|July22-26•Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.•Fees:$365perweek.•Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.CampStructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9a.m.to12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1p.m.to4p.m.).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.CampContentExplorersCamporganisesengagingarts,historyandscience-relatedactivitiesineveryclass,andfocusesonarangeoftopicsthatemphasizeactivelearning,explorationand,mostofall,fun!Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.CampStaffCampersenjoyastaff-to-childratiorangingfrom1∶4to1∶7dependingontheagegroup.Instructorsarepassionateeducatorswhoareexpertsintheirfieldsandhaveundergonetrainingandabackgroundcheck.21.Onwhichofthefollowingdatescanyoucancelyourregistrationwithafullrefund?A.June12. B.June22.C.July19. D.July26.解析:细微环节理解题。依据“ThelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefundisJune15.”(取消注册并获得全额退款的最终一天是6月15日。)可知,你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。故选A。答案:A22.Howarecampersdividedintodifferentgroups?A.Bygender. B.Bynationality.C.Byinterest. D.Byage.解析:细微环节理解题。依据CampStructure部分中的“Thedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.”(白天按每个年龄组分为两个专题会议。)可知,露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。故选D。答案:D23.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A.15. B.21.C.30. D.42.解析:细微环节理解题。依据“Monday-Friday,July8-26,9a.m.-4p.m.”(7月8日至26日,星期一至星期五,上午9点至下午4点。)可知,每周支配5天的活动。依据CampStructure部分中的“Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9a.m.to12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1p.m.to4p.m.).[露营者有一个3小时的上午课程(上午9点到中午12点)和一个小时的午休时间,然后是另一个3个小时的下午课程(下午1点到下午4点)。]”可知,全天有6小时的课程。5×6=30。由此可知,假如你注册一周,你总共有30个小时的课程。故选C。答案:CBIn1992,Iwas18andwasworkingasanurseinasmalltownabout230kmawayfromSydney,Australia.Iwaslookingforwardtohavingfivedaysofffromduty.Unluckily,theonlyonetrainadaybacktomyhomeinSydneyhadalreadyleft.SoIthoughtI’dhitcharide(搭便车).Iwaitedbythesideofthehighwayforthreehoursbutnoonestoppedforme.Finally,amanwalkedoverandintroducedhimselfasGordon.Hesaidthatalthoughhecouldn’tgivemealift,Ishouldcomebacktohishouseforlunch.HenoticedmestandingforhoursintheNovemberheatandthoughtImustbehungry.Iwasdoubtful(怀疑的)asayounggirlbuthepromisedmethatIwouldbesafe,andhealsoofferedtohelpmefindalifthomeafterwards.Whenwearrivedathishouse,hemademesandwiches.Afterlunch,hehelpedmefindalifthome.Twenty-sixyearslater,in2024,whileIwasdrivingtoanearbytownoneday,Isawanelderlymanstandingintheglaringheat,tryingtohitcharide.IthoughtitwasanotherchancetorepaysomeoneforthefavourI’dbeengivendecadesearlier.Ipulledoverandpickedhimup.Imadehimcomfortableonthebackseatandofferedhimsomedrinkingwater.Afterafewmomentsofsmalltalk,themansaidtome,“Youhaven’tchangedabit;evenyourredhairisstillthesame.”Icouldn’trememberwhereI’dmethim.Hethentoldmehewasthemanwhohadgivenmelunchandhelpedmefindaliftallthoseyearsago.ItwasGordon.24.Whydidtheauthorhavetohitcharideonedayin1992?A.Shemissedtheonlytrainbackhome.B.Shewasgoinghomeforherholidays.C.HerworkhadruinedhertriptoSydney.D.ThesmalltownwasfarawayfromSydney.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终两句可知,唯一一趟回家的火车已经离开,所以作者想搭便车回家。故选A。答案:A25.WhichofthefollowingdidGordondoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Hehelpedtheauthorfindaride.B.Hegavetheauthoraridebackhome.C.Heboughtsandwichesfortheauthor.D.Hewatchedtheauthorforthreehours.解析:细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“...healsoofferedtohelpmefindalifthome...”可知,戈登主动帮助作者找到回家的便车。答案:A26.Whydidtheauthorofferalifttoanelderlymanin2024?A.SherecognisedhewasGordon.B.Shewasgoingtothenearbytown.C.Shehadknownhimforalongtime.D.Shewantedtorepaythefavoursheoncegot.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“IthoughtitwasanotherchancetorepaysomeoneforthefavourI’dbeengivendecadesearlier.”可知,作者认为这是回报几十年前给作者帮助的人的又一次机会。故选D。答案:D27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellthereadersthroughthestory?A.Thosewhogiverideswillberepaid. B.Goodmannersbringabouthappiness.C.Peopleshouldofferfreeridestoothers. D.Givingsometimesproducesniceresults.解析:推理推断题。综合分析全文内容,26年前作者得到戈登的帮助,26年后戈登又偶然得到作者的帮助,所以作者想通过这个故事告知我们:赐予有时会产生好的结果。故选D。答案:DCManyyoungpeoplewouldliketomakeabooth(货摊)todobusinessonthestreetinthenameofentrepreneurship(创业精神)andselllemon.Itmightseemlikeaneasysell—kidsofferingcooldrinks.Someentrepreneursoffertheirtipsonhowtomakemoneyfromthis.JoeMansueto,founderoftheinvestmentcompanyMorningstar,soldlemonadeasakid.“Youshouldalwayspayattentiontocustomers,”hesaid.“Whensomebody’swalkingdownthestreet,getoutfrombehindthebooth,greetthem,talktothemandjustmakefriendswiththemtoattractmorecustomers.”However,histwosonsdecidedtoselladifferentdrink.Whentheywere8and10,hisboyssoldcocoaoutsidetheirhome.“Thegreatthingaboutbusinessisthattherearereallynorules.Youcanbecreativeandtrysomethingdifferent,”Mansuetosaid.Butitwasn’tenoughforUSrepresentativeMikeQuigleyandhisolderbrothertoselldrinks.Theysoldoldbooksattheboothandwouldrentthemoutforcustomerstoreadwhiletheyenjoyedtheirdrinks.AdamOchstein,founderofStratExPartners,ahumanresourcesservicecompany,gavefrequentvisitorscardswhichwereprintedwithalemon.Everyfivedrinks,customersgotonecardwhichallowedthemtopaylessthanhalfofthenextdrink.However,theydidn’tpricethedrinks.“Ifyouwanttogivenothing,givenothing.Ifyouwanttogive$2,give$2.Ithinkwehadlettheadultsgivemoremoneythantheyprobablywouldliketo.”Today,hesuggestskidsusesocialmediaformarketing.Hesaid,“Itcantellpeoplewheretheboothisgoingtobeandwhatuniquespecialsyou’rerunning.”28.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtosetupabigcompany. B.Howtoattractmorecustomers.C.Howtomakefriendswithothers. D.Howtotellapartrichcustomers.解析:段落大意题。由其次段中“‘Youshouldalwayspayattentiontocustomers,’hesaid.‘Whensomebody’swalkingdownthestreet,getoutfrombehindthebooth,greetthem,talktothemandjustmakefriendswiththemtoattractmorecustomers.’”(“你应当始终关注客户,”他说,“当有人在街上走的时候,从摊位后面走出来,跟他们打招呼,跟他们说话,和他们交挚友,以此吸引更多的顾客。”)可知其次段主要讲解并描述如何吸引更多的客户,故选B。答案:B29.HowdidMikeQuigleymakehisboothdifferentfromtheothers?A.Bysellingcocoaoutsidehishome. B.Byrentingusedbookstothecustomers.C.Bymakingfriendswithhiscustomers. D.Bylendingnewbookstohiscustomers.解析:细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中“Theysoldoldbooksattheboothandwouldrentthemoutforcustomerstoreadwhiletheyenjoyedtheirdrinks.”可知通过租借用过的书给顾客,迈克使他的摊位别出心裁,故选B。答案:B30.WhatadviceabouttheboothdoesOchsteingivetokids?A.Givingvisitorsfreedrinks. B.Givingvisitorscardswithalemon.C.Takingadvantageofsocialmedia. D.Allowingcustomerstopaylessmoney.解析:细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Today,hesuggestskidsusesocialmediaformarketing.”可知奥克斯坦建议孩子们利用社交媒体来经营货摊,故选C。答案:C31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.StreetBusiness B.MarketingFashionC.ServiceCulture D.SocialActivities解析:标题归纳题。由第一段中“Manyyoungpeoplewouldliketomakeaboothtodobusinessonthestreet”和全文内容可知,这篇文章主要讲了货摊生意的营销技巧,故选A。答案:ADLittleboysdon’tlikereadinganymoreandevenlittlegirlsdon’tenjoyitasmuchastheyoncedid:thisistheacceptedwisdominsidethebookindustry—andinmanyBritishfamilies,too.Parentsandbooksellerstendtoblamethegrowingappealofonlineentertainmentandhandheldgames,butresearchfromtheUSischallengingtheseassumptions.MichaelNorris,anAmericanpublishingexpert,willreleasefindingsinthemonthlyBookPublishingReportwhichshowthat,despitethebestintentions,itiswell-meaningmothersandfatherswhooftenstoptheirsonsanddaughtersfrompickingupthereadinghabit.“Parentshavetoomuchofaroleindecidingwhichbookstheirchildisgoingtoread,”saidNorris.“Itisturningchildrenoff.”TheresultsofanumberofsurveysNorrishascarriedoutwithhundredsofAmericanbooksellersoverthepastyearhaveprovidedthebasisforaseriesoftipsforparentsdesignedtohelpchildrenfindenjoymentinbooks.Oneofhistipsistomakesurechildrentalkdirectlytoalibrarianorabookseller,whileparentsstandwellback.Parentsshouldallowchildrentochoosetheirownreadingmaterial.“Evenifamotherorfatherisjuststandingwiththechildwhenthebooksellerasksthemwhattheyliketoread,wehavefoundthatthechildwillgiveananswertheythinktheirparentwantstohear.Itwillnotbethesameanswertheywouldgivealone,”saidNorris.Norrissaid,“Whatwehavefoundisthatparentsshouldnotworrywhetheratitlelookstooyoungortoooldforachild.Ifitischildren’sfavouritebook,thenletthemtakeit.”Children,addedNorris,oftenenjoyreadingbooksthatareeasyforthemtounderstand.“MyfathermademereadTheHuntforRedOctoberbyTomClancywhenIwasmuchtooyoung,which,Ithink,wastotallywrong,andIhaveneverreadanotherClancysince,”saidNorris.32.WhatdidNorristhinkpreventschildrenfromenjoyingreading?A.Children’sinterestinhandheldgames.B.Thedecliningmarketofthebookindustry.C.Parents’influenceonchildren’sbookselection.D.Thegrowingpopularityofonlineentertainment.解析:推理推断题。依据第三段“‘Parentshavetoomuchofaroleindecidingwhichbookstheirchildisgoingtoread,’saidNorris.‘Itisturningchildrenoff.’”(诺里斯说:“父母在确定孩子要读什么书方面起着太大的作用,这让孩子们感到厌烦。”),可推断出诺里斯认为父母对孩子们选择书籍的过多干预阻碍了孩子们享受阅读,故选C。答案:C33.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewstudy?A.Itismeaningless. B.ItmainlyfocusesonBritishfamilies.C.Itispublishedtoimprovebooksales. D.ItismainlycarriedoutbyNorris.解析:推理推断题。依据其次段“MichaelNorris,anAmericanpublishingexpert,willreleasefindingsinthemonthlyBookPublishingReport...”可推断出这份探讨是由诺里斯主导的,故选D。答案:D34.Whatshouldparentsdotohelpkidsgettheirfavouritebooksatbookstores?A.Introducenewbooksregularly. B.Discusspopularbookswiththeirchildren.C.Letchildrenchoosebooksforthemselves. D.Oftenseekexpertadvicefrombooksellers.解析:推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Norrissaid,‘Whatwehavefoundisthatparentsshouldnotworrywhetheratitlelookstooyoungortoooldforachild.Ifitischildren’sfavouritebook,thenletthemtakeit.’”(诺里斯说:“我们发觉,父母不应当担忧一本书对孩子来说是太新奇还是太陈旧。假如这是孩子们最喜爱的书,那就让他们拿去吧。”),可推断出父母应当让孩子们自己选择他们最喜爱的书来阅读,故选C。答案:C35.WhatdidNorristhinkofhisfather’sact?A.Itshowedparents’worriesaboutkids. B.Itmadehimlovereading.C.Itwasquitenecessary. D.Itwastotallywrong.解析:细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“‘MyfathermademereadTheHuntforRedOctoberbyTomClancywhenIwasmuchtooyoung,which,Ithink,wastotallywrong,andIhaveneverreadanotherClancysince,’saidNorris.”可知诺里斯认为他父亲的做法完全错了,故选D。答案:D其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesmellofcampfiresattractsmanypeopleintothewoodsandmountainsforcampingtrips.Especially,thestartofsummerorperhapsfallistheperfecttimetotakeacamp.Hereareseveralreasonsyoushouldconsiderpackingupthesleepingbagsandheadingintothemountains.Yougetclosertonature.36._______Campgroundsareaboutascloseasyoucangettosomeofthemostbeautifulplacesontheearth.Yougetfarawayfromtechnology.Communicatewithnature.37._______Soyouandyourchildrencanleavethecellphonesathome.Youmaygetupclosewithwildflowersandthefreshair.Foodtastesmuchbetterintheoutdoors.Cookingoveranopenfiregivesmeataspecialtastewhichcan’tbedonewellonthestoveathome.38._______Campingisaffordable.Whenshortofcashforavacation,manyfamiliescankeepitcheapbyheadingintothewoodsforacampingtrip.Campingequipmentcanbeboughtforverylittlemoney.39._______40._______Mostofyourfriendswillwishtheyhadcomealongwithyou.A.Giveyourfriendssomeadviceaboutcamp.B.Youmaywanttoenjoyyourselfinyourhouse.C.Mostcampgroundsdon’thaveWi-Fiorevenaphonesignal.D.Thebiggestcostisusuallythegastogettothecampground.E.Postafewphotosofyourcampingtriptomountainswhenathome.F.Whilecamping,you’remostlikelytobeinanationalparkornationalforestlands.G.Campingfoodissomeofthebest-tastingfoodandittastesevenbetterinthefreshair.36.解析:由下文中的“Campgroundsareaboutascloseasyoucangettosomeofthemostbeautifulplacesontheearth.”(露营地几乎接近你能到的地球上最漂亮的地方。)可知,该空引出下文,F项“露营时,你最有可能在国家公园或国家森林里”符合语境,故选F。答案:F37.解析:依据上文中的“Communicatewithnature.”(与大自然沟通。)及下文中的“Soyouandyourchildrencanleavethecellphonesathome.”(所以你和你的孩子们可以把手机留在家里。)可知,该空承上启下,C项“大多数露营地没有无线网络,甚至没有电话信号”符合语境,故选C。答案:C38.解析:依据段落标题“Foodtastesmuchbetterintheoutdoors.”(在户外,食物尝起来味道更好。)及上文中的“Cookingoveranopenfiregivesmeataspecialtastewhichcan’tbedonewellonthestoveathome.”(在明火上烹饪,肉有一种特别的味道,这是在家里的炉子上做不好的。)可知,该空承接上文,且与标题相呼应,G项“野餐食物是最美味的食物之一,在簇新的空气中吃起来味道更好”符合语境,故选G。答案:G39.解析:依据上文中的“Campingequipmentcanbeboughtforverylittlemoney.”(用很少的钱就能买到露营装备。)可知,该空承接上文,D项“最大的花费通常是到达露营地的汽油(费)”符合语境,故选D。答案:D40.解析:依据下文“Mostofyourfriendswillwishtheyhadcomealongwithyou.”(你大多数的挚友会希望曾和你一起来。)可知,该空引出下文,E项“在家的时候,发几张去山上露营的照片”符合语境,故选E。答案:E第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2024·广东广州一模)Atschool,artclassisfun.We41withdifferenttechniquesandgenerallygetcreative.However,afieldtriptoanartgalleryisoften42.Lastyear,myartteacherorganizedatriptoanartexhibition.Thegallerywasfullofolderpeople,whoobviouslydidn’twanttobewith43students.Weallgot44andcouldn’tstopchatting.Ourteacherwasgetting45andkepttellingustobequiet.

Thenextdaywecomplainedtoourteacheraboutthe46ofactivitiesforteensatartgalleries.She47thatavisitshouldbebotheducationalandfun.That’swhenIdecidedtogoonlineandlookforartgalleriesthathavespecial48forteens.Eventually,I49tofindahugerangeofactivitiesandproposedsometomyteacher.

Ialsousedthe50tolearnaboutartists.Recently,IfoundacontemporaryartistcalledMartinBailey.I’ve51seenartistswhocombinedifferenttechniques,butBaileyistotallydifferent.Hedoesuniqueillustrationswith52householdobjectssuchasumbrellas,headphonesandevencookies.Hisartissimple,butitmakesyouseethings53.Forexample,henoticesthataflowerissimilartoamop(拖把)andputsthis54intolifebydrawingalittlemanwitharealflowermop.It’sreally55!IhopeI’llbeabletogotoanexhibitionofhisworkinthefuture.

41.A.deal B.startC.struggle D.experiment解析:deal解决;start起先;struggle挣扎;experiment试验。上文提到“美术课堂是好玩的”,后半句也提到“渐渐具有创建力”,由此可推断,在课堂上我们一起先会学习不同技巧,最终用它们来实现我们的创意。答案:B42.A.disappointing B.challengingC.exciting D.interesting解析:disappointing令人悲观的;challenging挑战性的;exciting令人兴奋的;interesting好玩的。由句首的However可以推想这里话锋一转,表达画廊之旅并不尽如人意,因此选择具有负面情感色调的词汇。答案:A43.A.noisy B.carelessC.attentive D.creative解析:noisy吵闹的;careless不细致的,马虎的;attentive用心的,留意的;creative有创建力的。依据下文“我们不由自主讲话”可以得知,此处表示老人不想和吵闹的学生们待在一起。答案:A44.A.annoyed B.boredC.lost D.worried解析:annoyed愤怒的,生气的;bored无聊的;lost迷路的,丢失的;worried担忧的。依据下文“我们不由自主讲话”可以得知,学生对展览渐渐失去爱好。此处应填学生忍不住说话的缘由,因此选择bored。答案:B45.A.weak B.sensitiveC.stressed D.tired解析:weak虚弱的,不坚固的;sensitive善解人意的,易生气的;stressed有压力的;tired乏累的。依据下文“始终在让我们保持宁静”可以得知,带队老师也因学生太吵而渐渐感到有压力,更加贴合语境,反映老师的心态转变。答案:C46.A.lack B.themeC.result D.schedule解析:lack缺少;theme主题;result结果;schedule日程。结合语境可知,此处讲解并描述学生向老师埋怨的内容,即画廊里没有什么适合青少年参与的活动,并非因为主题或日程不适合,因此选择lack。答案:A47.A.announced B.demandedC.suggested D.agreed解析:announce宣布;demand要求;suggest认为;agree同意。此处表明老师也认为展览应当兼具趣味和教化意义。答案:C48.A.gifts B.pricesC.paintings D.events解析:gift礼物;price价格;painting绘画,油画;event事务,活动。依据前文可知,作者上网找寻适合青少年活动的艺术展。答案:D49.A.happened B.determinedC.managed D.expected解析:happen碰巧;determine确定;manage设法完成;expect期望。结合上文,此处应是作者胜利找到了这样的展览。答案:C50.A.activity B.InternetC.trip D.exhibition解析:activity活动;Internet互联网;trip旅行,旅游;exhibition展览。依据also可知,此处应与上文goonline对应,作者上网不仅发觉了心仪的展览还发觉了新艺术家。答案:B51.A.already B.neverC.merely D.obviously解析:already已经;never从不;merely只不过,仅仅;obviously明显,明显地。通过下文作者认为“贝利和别的艺术家完全不一样”可知,作者之前已经见过很多将不同绘画技艺相结合的艺术家。答案:A52.A.useful B.fancyC.suitable D.ordinary解析:useful有用的,有益的;fancy精致的,困难的;suitable相宜的,合适的;ordinary平凡的。结合语境可知,贝利利用一般家常的素材做出了别出心裁的画作,此处要与前文的unique做出对比,因此选择意思相反的ordinary。答案:D53.A.clearly B.directlyC.differently D.critically解析:clearly清楚地;directly干脆地;differently不同地;critically批判性地。结合上文贝利别出心裁的创作可知,他的作品让我们看待世界的方式发生变更。答案:C54.A.design B.ideaC.plant D.tool解析:design设计,设计方案;idea概念,想法;plant植物,工厂;tool工具。结合下文可知,贝利画了一个拿着拖把花的小男孩,可知贝利并非用拖把作为材料,而是用拖把来象征花,并通过创作令这个点子得以实现,因此选择idea。答案:B55.A.abstract B.amusingC.strange D.practical解析:abstract抽象的;amusing令人惊异的;strange惊异的;practical实际的,切实可行的。结合下文作者“将来想要去参与贝利的画展”可知,此处应为表达作者对贝利的作品的惊羡和赞许。答案:B其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheDutchareusedtolivinginacountrywhichisalwaysexposedtodangersofdeadlyfloods.Acountrywithahalfofitslandbelowsealevelcannotafford56.(ignore)theproblemofrisingsealevel,andHolland,whichalreadyhasspentabout$2.5trilliononflood57.(prevent),planstoinvestmoreoverthenextcentury.Lifeinthesechallenging58.(circumstance)hasinspiredtheDutchtodevelopmanyexcellentmethodsof59.(fight)floods.ThankstotheskillofDutchengineers,floodinginHollandisrarelywidespread,andisinsteadlimited60.certainareasofthecountry.TwosuchareasarethevalleysoftheRhineandtheMeuseRivers.Inspiteoflargefloodwalls,theseriversregularlyfloodthesurroundingareas.Duringdrytimes,however,thoseareasareperfectly61._________(pleasure)tolivein.Onesolutionthat62.__________(develop)nowisatypeofhousethatseemsnormalineverydaylife,exceptthatitcanfloatduringtimesofhighwaterratherthan63.(simple)sinkbeneaththewavesasnormalhouseswould.Groupsofhouseswouldformfloatingneighbourhoodsin64.________peoplecouldlivetogetherduringtimesofhighwater,temporarilygettingaroundbyboat65.thefloodends.

56.解析:考查非谓语动词。cannotaffordtodosth意为“承受不起/支付不起做某事”。答案:toignore57.解析:考查词性转换。依据语境可知,此处是指花了很多的钱在洪水的预防上。应用名词prevention,表示“预防”。答案:prevention58.解析:考查名词复数。句意:在这些具有挑战性的环境中生活,鼓舞荷兰人发展了很多抗洪的优良方法。circumstance用复数时,表示“环境”。答案:circumstances59.解析:考查非谓语动词。句意参见上题。介词of后面跟动词-ing形式,fightingfloods表示“抗洪”。答案:fighting60.解析:考查介词。belimitedto意为“局限于……的范围”。答案:to61.解析:考查词性转换。此处表示在这些地区生活特别舒适。应用形容词pleasant,表示“令人开心的”。答案:pleasant62.解析:考查动词时态和语态。此处表示现在正在开发的一种解决方案,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。答案:isbeingdeveloped63.解析:考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词sink。答案:simply64.解析:考查定语从句。先行词是floatingneighbourhoods,应用关系代词which作介词in的宾语。答案:which65.解析:考查连词。此处表示直到洪水结束,till/until是连词,表示“直到”。答案:till/until第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是学生李华,得知好挚友William在学习中感到压力很大,学习效果甚微。请你给他写一封电子邮件,给他提一些建议,帮助他放松身心,提高学习效率。留意:(1)词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;(2)可以适当增加细微环节,以使行文连贯。DearWilliam,Recently,Ihaveheardthatyoufeelstressedaboutstudy,soIwouldliketoofferyousomeadviceonhowtostudyeffectively.Firstofall,learninarelaxingway.Onewaytokeepupyourspiritistotakepartinsports.Notonlydoesexercisebuildupthebody,butalsoithelpsyoutorelaxandrefreshyourmind.Inthiswayyoucanmemorisethingsfasterandlonger.Musicisanothereffectivemeansofrefreshingyourselfandhelpingyouconcentratebetter.Lastbutnotleast,youshouldexchangeideasw