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书名:《大学英语四级阅读200篇》前40篇出版社:上海交通大学出版社

1/200.

Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.

Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanap

plyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorlesszortwoweeks,orp

ossiblemonths.ltshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthani

tsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithouttheachiev

ementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoalszweshoulddat

etheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthosethathave

beencompleted.

Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.Theymight

dealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldevenexten

dforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatimezyoushouldneverallowyour

selftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstepzyouwillenf

orcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletiondat

esgrowzyourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.

Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcoverfive

yearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoalto

limitusorourcourseofaction.

l.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot_.

a.ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoals

b.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoals

c.ifwewritedownthedates

d.ifweputforwardsomeplans

2.Newshort-termgoalsarebulidupon—.

a.twoyears

b.long-termgoals

c.currentactivities

d.thegoalsthathavebeencompleted

3.Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,—.

a.wewillwinfinalsuccess

b.weareoverwhelmed

c.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

d.weshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals

4.0nceourgoalsaredrawnup,_.

a.weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

b.wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

c.wehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

d.wehavemadegreatdecision

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

a.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceed

b.writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

c.thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesination

d.everyshouldhaveagoal

1/200答案:adcbc

2/200

TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almost

fullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostward

epressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,aty

picalyearofthe1950's,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowthof

thedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955

outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswasa

bout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorld

War2.Thecountry'sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandm

achinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanith

adbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabo

ut700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allrou

ndtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomilli

onwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwasno

tsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthemid-192

O's.Asfarmer'sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.Buttherew

ere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfide

ntasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwo

uldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

a.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950zs

b.TheUnemploymentRateof1950's

c.U.S.Economyinthe50's

d.TheFederalBudgetof1952

2.InLine4,theword''boom"couldbestbereplacedby.

a.nearbyexplosion

b.thunderousnoise

c.generalpublicsupport

d.rapideconomicgrowth

3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedS

tatesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof.

a.confidence

b.confusion

c.disappointment

d.suspicion

4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe195

O's?

a.Economists

b.Frmaers

c.Politicians

d.Steelworkers

5.ThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreaterin1

955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?

a.60%

b.50%

c.33%

d.90%

2/200答案:cdabc

3/200

Womenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausetherear

esofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportbla

stingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingwomen.TheU

Diversitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987update,Milburncom

mendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.

OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwo

menofavailableadministrativejobs.

CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantth

atwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriseintheranks.

Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforh

ertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonhe

rwork.

UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity

andallacademia,inequitieswillexist.

"Womenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareim

portanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulint

hissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscriminatio

nthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."

1.AccordingtoSpirduso,womenneedto.

duceareportonsexualdiscrimination

b.callforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditions

c.spendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscrimination

d.spendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities

2.Fromthispassage,weknowthat.

a.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexas

b.womenplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversity

c.theweatheronthecampusischilly

d.womenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

a.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthato

f1985

b.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthato

f1985

c.thenumberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985

d.moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitinth

eUniversity

4.0neofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat.

a.womenweretoldtoconcentrateonteirwork

b.womenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobs

c.womenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversity

d.womenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities

5.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe.

a.TheUniversityofTexas

b.Milburn'sReport

c.WomenProfessors

d.SexualDiscriminationinAcademia

3/200答案:ddabd

4/200

Todayzasineveryotherdayoftheyearzmorethan3000U.S.adlescentswillsmok

etheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.Duringth

eirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30will

dieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.T

henumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,wh

ethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.

Sincethelate1970szwhendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30pre

cent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineisimpressive,s

everalimportantissuesmustberaised.

Frstzinthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.

Secondjnthelate1970szsmokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceededthata

mongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third.severalrecentst

udieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asm

uchas75percent.

Fnally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastd

ecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.WithinthiscontextztheNaionalCance

rInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasuresto

reducesmokingleveslamongyouth.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby.

□.trafficaccidents

b.smoking-relateddesease

c.murder

d.allofthese

2.Everydaythereareoverhighschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoke

r.

a.75b.23c.30d.3000

3.By"dropout"theauthormeans.

a.studentswhofailedtheexamination

b.studentswholeftschool

c.studentswholosttheirv/ay

d.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool

4.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat.

a.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasures

b.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniors

c.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer

d.noneofthese

5.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat.

a.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle

b.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniors

c.highsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealth

d.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds

4/200答案:bdbdb

5/200

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehas

madeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeatzithas,atthesametime,mad

emanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshov/nthatperhapseightypercentof

allhumanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothe

dietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocause

certaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.

Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,

governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorin

meats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesrem

aininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsont

hepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichw

eeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,a

ndbecauseofthiszpenicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimes

similardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposeszbutforfinancialreasons.

Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpric

eonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeate

dlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.

l.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?

a.DrugandFood

b.CancerandHealth

c.FoodandHealth

d.HealthandDrug

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?

a.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons

b.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiven

tothelivinganimals

c.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthir

ty-fiveyears.

d.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancprinworld.

3.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?

a.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyelimina

ted.

b.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.

c.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebee

naddedtofood.

d.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.

4.Whatarenitratesusedfor?

a.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.

b.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.

c.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.

d.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.

5.Theword'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans'

a.trouble-making

b.color-retaining

c.money-making

d.cancer-causing

5/200答案:cacbd

6/200

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincreasezwearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.On

ceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorninctillnigh

t,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.

Stressisannaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infactziti

snotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitalto

providemotivationadngivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofc

ontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.

Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimemateri

alformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdiffic

ulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysic

ally.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedayst

hechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayare

unlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestressjtinvolvesthesameresponse.

Itiswhensuchareactionlastslongzthroughcontinuedexposuretostress,thatheal

thbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdis

easehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives

(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould)zweneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause.

a.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

b.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

c.theyaretravellingfastallthetime

d.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

2.Accordingtothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis_

*

a.notfearingstress

b.knowingtheartofrelaxation

c.highsenseofresponsibility

d.havingcontroloverperformance

3.Whichofthefollwingstctementsisture?

a.Wecanfindsomewaystoavoidstress

b.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople

c.Itiseasytochangethehagitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

d.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress

4.1nParagraph3,"suchareaction"refersbackto.

a."makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'"

b."reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically"

c."respondingtocrisesquickly"

d."losingheartatthesignsdifficulties"

5.1nthelastsentenceofthepassage,"doso"refersto.

a."exposeourselvestostress"

b."findwaystodealwithstress"

c."removestressfromourlives"

d."establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress"

6/200答案:dadbc

Inthe1960szmanyyouncAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.They

wantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.epual.So

meofthemdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.

Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes,"wheretheycoul

dfollowtheirphilosophyof"doyourownthing."Agroupofartistsfoundedacomm

uneinsouthernColoradocalled"DropCity."Followngtheideasofphilosopherand

architectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.

Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey'sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFra

nciscopoetSteveGakin,endagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldsc

hoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamousw

hentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfolio

werstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensome

membersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof"doyouownthing,"however.Twin

Oaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960szwasbasedontheideas

ofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontro

liedbySkinner's"conditioning"techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecom

munity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancit

yArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalleda

n"archology"Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywill

allbecomeone.

l.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto"dropout"ofscoietyduringthe1960s?

a.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

b.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

c.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

d.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

a.Indome-shapedhouse

b.Inoldschoolhuses

c.OnafarminTennessee

d.InanarchologyinArizona

3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuliddome-shapedhouse?

a.PaoloSoleri

c.SteveGaskin

d.BuckminsterFuller

4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebaseon?

a.Thephilosophyof"doyourownthing"

b.Virginaiainthelate1960s

c.Theideasofpsychologist

d.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogerher.

5.Whatisan"archology"?

a.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology

b.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether

c.AcityinArizona

d.Atechniquetocontorlpeople

7/200答案:abdcb

8/200

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstistheso

rtofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapa

blethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividual

willhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothese

condfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichhei

sreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmertally,itislikelythathisbrainwil

Ifailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapa

ble.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbede

monstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidenti

cal,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesam

e.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplaced

inseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisol

atedcommunitywithpooreducationalpooprtunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofw

ell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogood

schools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenviroment

aldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregibe

ntesetstomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigher

thantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequa

Iopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythe

samelevel.

l.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled.

a.MeasuringYourIntelligence

b.IntelligenceandEnvironment

c.TheCaseofPeterandMark

d.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat.

a.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

b.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimprotantindetermininghisintelligence

c.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence

d.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is.

a.85

b.100

c.110

d.125

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat

a.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

b.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenviroment

c.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

d.changesofenviromentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q..

a.canbepredictedatbirth

b.staysthesamethrouthouthislife

c.canbeincreasedbyeducation

d.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

8/200答案:bcbcc

9/200

Asshewalkedroundthehugedepartmentstore,Edithreflectedhowdifficultitwast

ochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishthathewasaseasyt

opleaseashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume

Besides,shoppongatthistimeoftheyearwasamostdisgreeableexperience:peopl

etrodonyourtoes,pokedyouwiththeirelbowsandalmostknockedyouoverinthei

rhastetogettoabargainaheadofyou.

Partlytohavearest,Edithpausedinfrontofacounterwheresomeattraciveties

wereondisplay."Theyarerealsilk,"theassistantassuredher,tryingtotempther.

"Worthdoubletheprice."Buteditknewfrompastexperiencethatherchoiceoftie

shardlyeverpleasedherfather.

Shemovedonreluctantlyandthenquitebychance,stoppedwhereasmallcrowdo

fmanhadgatheredroundacounter.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipesonsale--

-andthepriceswereveryreasonable.Edithdidnothesitateforlong:althoughher

fatheronlysmokedapipeoccasionally,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwas

bundtopleasehim.

Whenshegothomezwithhersmallwell-chosenpresentconcealedinherhandbag,h

erparentswerealreadyatthesuppertable.Hermotherwasinanespeciallycheerf

ulmood,"Yourfatherhasatlasttodecidedtostopsmoking."Sheinformedherda

ughter.

1.Edith'sfather.

a.didnotlikepresent

b.nevergotpresent

c.preferredties

d.wasdifficulttochooseapresentfor

2,TheassistantspoketoEdithbecausesheseemed.

a.attractive

erestedinties

c.tired

d.inneedofcomfort

3.Edithstoppedatthenextcounter.

a.purosely

b.suddenly

c.unwillingly

d.accidentally

4.Edith'sfathersmokedapipe.

a.whenhewasobliged

b.onsocialoccasions

c.fromtimetotime

d.whenhewasdelighted

5.Shoppingwasverydisagreeableatthattimeoftheyearbecause.

a.coustomerstrodoneachother'stoes

b.coustomerspokedeachotherwiththeirelbows

c.customersknockedeachother

d.customersweredoingtheirshoppinginagreathurry

9/200答案:dbdcd

10/200

Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewillevent

uallynotbeenoughresou-ceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe

21stcenturyjfpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrives

ourcars/orexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,

thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforlustolookforopenspac

esomewhereelse.Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableof

supportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecent

lybeensuggestedbyAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.

Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompleetelyexhausteditwillbe

possibletochangetheatmophereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostasla

rgeasearthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandther

eisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere.

Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmosph

eresandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartoth

oseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrocke

ts.SpaceshipwillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsintotheatmosphere.Inaf

airlyshorttime,thealgewillbreakdownthecarbondioxideintooxygenandcarbo

n.

Whenthealgaehavedonetheriwork,theatmospherewillbecomecooler,butbefor

mancansetfootonVenusitwillbeneccessaryfortheoxygentoproducerain.The

surfaceoftheplanetwillstillbetoohotfo

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