译林 八下 英语 Unit 7《Period 3 Grammar》课件

Unit7InternationalcharitiesPeriod3Grammar课文呈现GrammarPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttensesWeusetheactivevoicewhenitisimportanttoknowwhoperformstheaction.Volunteerdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.课文呈现Weusethepassivevoicewhen·itisobviouswhoperformstheaction.Theplaneisusedasatrainingcentre.·wedonotknowordonotneedtoknowwhoperformstheaction.Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.·theactionismoreimportantthanthepersonwhoperformstheaction.Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.课文呈现Weformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepresenttenselikethis:SubjectbePastparticipleIamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis课文呈现SubjectbenotPastparticipleIamnotsupported.You/We/TheyarenotHe/She/Itisnot课文呈现Weformthepassivevoiceinthesimplepasttenselikethis:SubjectbePastparticipleIwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/Itwas课文呈现SubjectbenotPastparticipleIwasnotsupported.You/We/TheywerenotHe/She/Itwasnot课文呈现Wecanalsointroducewhoorwhatperformsanactioninthepassivevoiceusingby.Weputbyandtheperformeraftertheverb.Ontheplane,volunteerdoctorsdooperations.→Ontheplane,operationsaredonebyvolunteerdoctors.ORBISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.→ManyblindpeoplewerehelpedbyORBISdoctors.课文呈现HelpingothersA.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.课文呈现Whattheydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_______________________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).2.Leaflets______________________________________________(handout①

/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).3.ToysandCDs__________________________________________(sell/toraisemoney).温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲”链接。areplannedtohelpthepoorarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersaresoldtoraisemoney课文呈现Whattheydidlastweek4.Newbooks________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).5.Warmclothes____________________________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).6.Acharityshow___________________________________________(hold/həʊld/②

/theStudents’Union).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentswerecollectedforpoorpeoplewasheldbytheStudents’Union课文呈现B.AmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.课文呈现Amy:OK.Oxfam(1)______________(set/set/up③)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop(2)______________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsallovertheworld.Alotofthings(3)______________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney(4)______________(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.wassetupwasopenedaresoldisused课文呈现Daniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem(5)__________(call)ProjectHope.It(6)____________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry(7)__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools(8)__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.iscalledwasstartedweregivenarebuilt考点精讲①handouthandout分发e.g.Wecanhandoutleafletstotellpeoplethenews.我们可以分发传单来告诉人们这个消息。考点1hand的相关短语：①handin上交②givesb.ahand帮助某人③ontheonehand一方面④ontheotherhand另一方面⑤handsup举起手来考点精讲语义不同handout意为①提出；②分发。giveout意为①分发，发出（光，气味，热等）；②发表，公布。作“分发”时含义不同giveout多指发出（气味，光线，声音，信号，热等）；handout多指发出去、分发，也有施舍的含义。作“分发”时主语不同handout：人作主语，意为“分发”；giveout：可用人作主语，意为“分发”，也可用物作主语，意为“发出，散发”。辨析：handout与giveout考点精讲e.g.Oneofmyjobswastohandouttheprizes.我的工作之一是分发奖品。Helikeshandingoutadvicetohisfriendsthoughnooneeverfollows.他喜欢给朋友们提建议，尽管从来没有人听从过他的劝告。Iftheyaregoingtoread,whynotgiveoutbooks?如果他们要阅读，为什么不把书分发出去呢？Theradiatorgivesoutalotofheat.散热器释放出大量的热。考题1：[连云港改编]—Sandy,whereisMillie?—She____________（分发）newbooksintheclassroom.ishandingout考点精讲返回温馨提示:可返回原文考点精讲②holdhold/həʊld/vt.举行(tohaveameeting,competition,conversation,etc.)考点2hold—held—heldhold的相关短语:①holdon别挂断；坚持住②holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸③holdameeting举行会议holdhold的一词多义：vt.

举行n.抓住，握住；影响，控制考点精讲e.g.Ourschoolheldasportsmeetinglastweek.上周我们学校举办了一场运动会。Weheldeachother’shands,notknowingwhattosay.我们握住彼此的手,不知说什么好。Youhavetogetagoodholdofthisidea.你得好好把握这个观点。Hehasatremendousholdoverhisyoungerbrother.他对他弟弟很有影响。考题2：[泰州]TheJiangsuautomatic（自动化）testoflisteningandspeaking_________(hold)inAprileveryyear.isheld考点精讲返回考点精讲③setupsetup建起，设立e.g.Theysetupamodernschool.他们创办了一所现代化的学校。考点3考点精讲set常用短语：setback使推迟setdown放下setfree释放setoff出发,动身seton攻击setsail扬帆；起航考题3：[荆州]几年前，成立这个小组是为了保护濒危野生动物。(set)Afewyearsago,thisgroup______________toprotectendangeredwildanimals.【】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“成立，建立”，其对应的英文表达是setup。根据“Afewyearsago”以及主语thisgroup与谓语之间是被动关系可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态was/weredone，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was。wassetup考点精讲返回一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态单元语法一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态概念被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。谓语动词的构成“be+及物动词的过去分词”，be动词有人称、时态和数的变化。主动语态与被动语态的变化①一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态②单元语法一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态的几种特殊情况含有双宾语的动词的被动语态③含有感官动词及使役动词的被动语态④含有动词短语的被动语态⑤主动语态的形式表示被动意义⑥无被动语态的几种特殊情况therebe句型⑦不及物动词或短语⑧系表结构的句子⑨主动句中的宾语是反身代词

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单元语法小贴士在英语中,句子有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。语态说明句子主语和谓语之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者。单元语法1.主动语态与被动语态的变化主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词被动形式+动作承受者单元语法e.g.主动句:They

planted

atree.主语谓语宾语被动句:Atree

wasplanted

bythem.宾语be+及物动词主语变

变主语的过去分词为by...返回2.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态单元语法分类谓语动词形式例句一般现在时am/is/are+vt.-edThejobislikedbymanypeople.这份工作被许多人喜欢。一般过去时was/were+vt.-edThedoorwaslocked.门被锁上了。单元语法考题1：[安徽]Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincethey_______intoschools.A.introduceB.introducedC.areintroducedD.wereintroduced【】since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers”，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态weredone。D返回3.谓语动词带有双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化为主语,但应在被保留的间接宾语前加介词for或to。e.g.Igavehimapieceofadvice.我给了他一条建议。→Hewasgivenapieceofadvicebyme.或Apieceofadvicewasgiventohimbyme.单元语法返回4.在主动语态中，不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时常省略to，但在变为被动语态时，要加上to。这些动词有:let,make,have,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。e.g.Isawherplaycomputergames.→Shewasseentoplaycomputergamesbyme.我看到她玩电脑游戏了。单元语法单元语法考题2：[达州]Mymommakesmedothedisheseveryday.（改为被动语态）Iam________________dothedisheseveryday.【】makesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”的被动结构是“sb.bemadetodosth.”。madeto返回5.含有动词短语的句子变为被动语态时,短语后的介词或副词不可漏掉。e.g.Icanlookafteryou.我能够照顾你。→Youcanbelookedafterbyme.单元语法考题3：Newly-bornbabies_______inhospitals.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.