2024北京顺义区高三（上）期末英语试题和答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京顺义高三（上）期末英语（第一次统练）考生须知：1.本试卷总分100分，考试时长90分钟。本试卷共12页，共三部分。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。3.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Agoldenfogsettledoverthefields.Thesunpreparedtorestfortheevening.Ilookedforwardtosettingmy___1___asideforanevening.Iwasn’tlongheadedhomewhenIheardavoicebehindme.“Photo,photo,photo.”Ayoungboyabout7or8yearsoldfollowedclosely.Ibreathedatiredsigh.Ihadno___2___topresstheshutterbuttononemoretime,nomatterhowbeautifuloreagerhewas,buthekeptfollowingme.AsIlookedathim,half___3___,anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.Ikneeledinthefieldandinstructedtheboywheretostandandhowtopose.AsIpreparedtotakethephotograph,hisenergysuddenlyshiftedfrom___4___toshynesstofear.NomatterwhatItoldhimtodo—howtostand,howtolook—Ijustcouldn’tgetthe___5___.Defeated,Igaveup.Ilookedattheboy,wholooked___6___andawkward.Inaneffortto___7___him,Iclappedmyhands,saying,“Thatwasgreat.Youweregreat.”Passers-bygatheredaround,cheeringandclappingloudly.Theboy’sfaceimmediatelybrokeinto(a)___8___.Iintuitively(直觉地)tookafewshotsofthemoment.Thatphotographturnedouttobebetterthanthe___9___I’dimaginedbecauseitcamefromadeeperplacewithinme.Whenwe____10____frustration(懊恼)andfocusonwhat’shereinthemoment,thatiswhenwearemovedtocreatefromtheinsideout.1.A.money B.camera C.boots D.notebook2.A.time B.confidence C.energy D.chance3.A.interested B.disappointed C.relieved D.puzzled4.A.panic B.confusion C.eagerness D.directness5.A.help B.attention C.idea D.shot6.A.alone B.unconcerned C.violent D.thoughtful7.A.disturb B.cheer C.accept D.satisfy8.A.smile B.tears C.worries D.surprise9.A.style B.color C.content D.composition10.A.turnto B.dealwith C.letgoof D.giveinto第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。KennethShinozukawas10whenhisgrandfather,___11___hasAlzheimer’sdisease,begantowander.Hewantedtoinventsomethingtohelp.Thatturnedouttobeapressuresensorinasock.Thesensorwillsendanalarmtoacaregiver’ssmartphoneassoonasapatient___12___(step)outofbed.TodayKennethcontinuestoimprovehisinvention___13___(help)caregiversgetanalarmfromanydistance.HisbiggestdreamistoonedayfindcuresforallAlzheimer’s.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Merriam-Webster___14___(announce)that“authentic”wasatoptermoftheyear2023.TheriseofAlhelpeddriveinterest___15___theword.Andthelinebetween“real”and“fake”(假的)hasbecome___16___(increasing)unclear.Asaresult,insocialmediaandmarketing,“authentic”hasbecomethegoldstandardforbuildingtrust.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WorldAnimalDayisanannualeventon4thOctober,___17___(aim)toimproveanimalrightsacrosstheglobe.It___18___(celebrate)sinceaGermanwriterandpublisherstarteditin1925.Throughjoininginvarious___19___(organize)events,peoplearebetterawareofhowanimalsshouldbetreated.Andtherearesomany___20___(option)foreveryonetohelpendtheneedlesssufferingofallanimals.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheCAUSELeadershipAcademy(CLA)forstudentsisapaidnine-weekinternship(实习)programthatconnectscollegeundergraduatestocommunitiesthroughlocalpoliticalexperiencesandpreparesthemtoleadandadvocateforthecivicengagement.GeneralInformation:·ProgramDuration:June24th,2024—August23rd,2024·LocationandTimeCommitment:CLAwillbeanin-person,full-timeprogram(5daysperweek,about40hoursperweek).·Payment:Eachinternwillreceive$4,000uponsatisfactorycompletionoftheprogram.ProgramGoals:·Togainnewskillsandknowledge·Todeepenunderstandingofissuesthatimpactthelocalcommunity·Toexplorecivicleadershipcareerpaths·TodevelopprofessionalexperienceandskillstobeeffectiveinpoliticaladvocacyandcampaignsupportProgramComponents:·Internswillworktogethertodevelopaproject.·Internswillbeplacedinapublic,private,ornon-profithostoffice.·InternswilllearnaboutandsupportcivicengagementeffortswiththeirHostOffice.·Internswilldevelopleadershipskillsandexpandunderstandingofcivicengagement.Requirementsfortheapplicants:·HaveaminimumGPA(GradePointAverage)of3.0·Beacurrentstudentwithatleastoneyearofcollegecompletedorarecentcollegegraduate·BeabletoactivelyparticipateinallmajoreventsForfullconsideration,applicantsmustensurebothApplicationandLetterofRecommendationarereceivedbySunday,January28th,2024at11:59pm.21.Theprogramaimstohelpparticipants_______.A.leadpoliticalcampaigns B.makehighacademicachievementsC.choosecivicleadershipcareerpaths D.deepenunderstandingofcivicissues22.CLAwillprovideinterns_______.A.atrainingonline B.aprojecttofinishindividuallyC.aleaderpositioninaHostOffice D.a$4,000paymentforgreatwork23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Participatinginallevents. B.HavingaGPAnolessthan3.0.C.ApplyingafterJanuary28th,2024. D.Beingacurrenthighschoolstudent.BIfyouhaveeverseenasnowflakedesignonjewelryorabag,chancesareitwasbasedononeofWilsonBentley’smorethan5,000photomicrographsofsnowcrystals(晶体).Atfirst,though,Bentleydidnothaveanywaytosharehisenjoymentofthedelicatehexagons(六边形)otherthantodrawthem.Hespenthoursoutsideorinsidehisunheatedstoreroomwithamicroscope.Hewouldpickupasnowcrystalandtransferittoamicroscopeslide.There,heflatteneditwithabirdfeather.Then,holdinghisbreath,heobservedthecrystalandhurriedtodrawwhathesawbeforeitturnedforeverintothinair.Afewyearslater,Bentleybeganhispursuittophotographasnowcrystal.Heattachedamicroscopetoacamera.Timeaftertime,hisnegativesappearedblank.Thefollowingwinter,hefinallyfiguredoutthattoomuchlightwasreachingthecamera.Hissolutionwastoplaceametalplatewithatinyholeinthecenterbeneaththestageofthemicroscope.Itcutdownthestray(杂散的)lightandallowedonlythelightwavescarryingtheimagetoreachthecamera.OnJanuary15,1885,attheageof19,Bentleyfinallyphotographedasnowflake!Hespentmanyhoursoverthenext45yearsinhistinydarkroomdevelopingnegatives.Bentleylivedhisentirelifeonhischildhoodfarm.Hefarmedforaliving.Tohisfriendsandfamily,hewaskind,gentle,andfunny“Willie”.Buttoscientists,hewastheuntrainedresearcherwhobecameasnowcrystalpioneer.Hewroteforsciencejournals.Henotonlyphotographedsnowcrystalsbutalsobecameanauthorityondew(露水)andfrost.Hekeptadetaileddailylogoflocalweatherconditionsthroughouthislife.Hedevelopedamethodtomeasurethesizeofraindropstoo.Bentleynevermademorethanafewthousanddollarsfromhiswork.Ithadbeenalaboroflove,andhewassatisfiedtobeabletosharethebeautyofhissnowcrystalswiththeworld.Andtoday,heisrememberedasSnowflakeBentley.24.WhydidBentleydrawthesnowcrystals?A.Todesignproducts. B.Tobecomeanartist.C.Tosharehispleasure. D.Toresearchtheweather.25.Tophotographasnowcrystal,Bentley_______.A.improvedthemicroscope B.changedthenegativesC.turneddownthelight D.inventedacamera26.WhatdoweknowaboutBentley?A.Helivedasuccessfulbutboringlife. B.Hewaslaughedatforlackoftraining.C.Heearnedalotofmoneyfromhisphotos. D.Hewasnotonlyanartistbutalsoascientist.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Intelligenceisthekeytosuccess.C.Loveanddevotionmakesaperson. D.Chancesareforthosewhoareprepared.CIloveagrouptext—agrext,ifyou’llpermitme—butlately,thehugenumberofthemcompetingformyattentionhasfeltoutofcontrol.BythetimeIwakeup,thenotificationshavealreadystartedrollingin;asI’mgoingtobed,they’restillcoming.Inbetween,Itrytokeepup,butallittakesisone30-minutemeetingbeforeI’vesomehowgotten100newmessages.Iscrollupandup,tryingtofindwhereIleftoff,likeI’velostmyplaceinabookthatkeepsgettinglonger.Forbetterorforworse,wemightbeintheAgeoftheGroupChat.Onestudyfoundthatlessthan2percentofparticipantshadonlyone-on-onechatsonsocialmedia.42percentsaidthatgroupchatscanfeellikeapart-timejob.Otherstudieshavefoundthatgroupchatscancontributetogroupbondandsharedfun.Agrouptextcanbelikeareminderthatyou’repartofsomething.Someresearcherscallthis“ambientvirtualpresence”:Evenwhenyou’realone,you’renotalone.Thisislikebatsanddolphinsproducingacontinuoussoundandusetheresultingecho(回声)tosensewhat’saroundthem.Buttakingintoomanysignalscancreatea“waterfalltypeofeffect,”wheremessageskeepfloodinginandaddingup.Eventually,you’reunderwater.Addingtothedisorder,withoutastandardrule,peoplehaveverydifferentideasaboutgroupnormandwhatdegreeofresponsivenessisrequired—whichcancauserealtension.Fearofthattensioncanmakewordlessorevenleavingachatfeeldispiriting.Andanyway,youmightnotwanttomissout.Thedesireisn’ttoexittheroomsomuchastobreakawindow.Ifgroupmessagingislikeecholocation,thendisconnectingmeanslost.Ultimately,mostofusdowantconnection,evenifitinvolvessomeduties;we’lltakequantitiesofmessageswhenwe’rebusyifitmeanswecanreachoutwhenwe’rehurting.Ageneraladviceistogiveupgrextsthatarecarryingonbutthatdon’treallyinterestyou.Butwhenyoucan’t,you’lljusthavetoacceptthatbelongingtakessomeeffort.That’sthenatureofrelationships,right?28.TheauthoruseshisexperienceinParagraph1to_______.A.introducethetopic B.predicttheendingC.highlightanopinion D.illustrateanargument29.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Lonelypeopleprefergroupchats. B.Batsanddolphinshavegroupchats.C.Groupchatsofferasenseofbelonging. D.Groupchatscreateafewpart-timejobs.30.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Groupchatneedsastandardrule.B.Groupchatgivesusmorefearthanjoy.C.Groupchathelpspromotestrongconnection.D.Groupchatisjustawaytomaintainrelationships.DBorders,departments,orissueareasallrepresentwhatsystemsanalystscallsystemboundaries.Systemboundariesdividethebig,messy,interconnectedworldintosmallersubsystems.Thisisuseful,evennecessary.Ourmindsandourcollectivegovernancesystemswouldbestuckifwehadtoalwaysconsideralltheconnectionsofeverythingtoeverythingelse.Butdividingsystemsintosubsystemscansometimesbreakanaturalcooperativity.Forinstance,adecarbonizingcountrywillspendmoneyinitsenergyandtransportationsectorsandsavemoneyinitshealthsystem.Decarbonizationcouldbeawinforthewhole,butitmightbeexperiencedasabotherforparticularsubsystems.DonellaMeadows,theearlysystemsmodeler,wrotethatsystemboundariesare“linesinthemind,notintheworld.”Andthatisactuallygoodnews.Ifdepartments,anddisciplinesarejustideas,thenthereisnothingimmovableaboutthem.Wecanmaketheseborderslessobviousandconductpartnershipsacrossthem.Wecanevenredrawthemtoincludemoreofwhatmattersinasingleprojectorinvestment.That’sthepremiseofmultisolving—usingoneinvestmentoftimeorefforttoachieveseveralgoalsatonce.Forinstance,WarmUpNewZealand(WUNZ)upgradedtheenergyefficiencyofresidentialbuildingsandprovidedjobsinthebuildingsectorafterafinancialdownturn.Theprojectresultedinbetterhealthforresidents,aswell.Thattranslatedintohealthsystemssavings.Takentogether,a2011studyestimatedthatacrossallthesebenefits,theprojectsaved$3.90forevery$1invested.Multisolvingseemspossibleeverywhereandlikeanobviouschoice.Yet,itisverymuchtheexception,nottherule.Whyismultisolvingstillsorarewhenithasthenowertoboostprogressonsomeofthemosturgentissuesweface?Unfamiliaritystandsintheway,asdoesanoften-unexaminedassumptionthatmakingissuessmallermakesthemeasiertoaddress.Weoftenheartheviewpoint,“Ialreadyworkonpoverty(orclimate,etc.)andthat’shardenough.WhyshouldIaddbiodiversityorpollutiontothemix?”Fundraisingforcrossingborderscanbeastruggletoo.Funderswantthe“visibleresults”shown,buttheydon’talwaysseecrossingbordersasanessentialpartofachievingthoseresults.Itiseasytodevalueandunderemphasizeconnection-building.Afterall,itcanbedelicateandnotalwaysvisible.Buttorealizegoalsintoday’sworld,fromequitablepoliciesandlow-carbonfacilitiestovalueslikecooperationandfairness,wedoneeddeepshifts,andweneedthemsoon.Andfacilitatingtheflowofideasbackandforthacrossbordersisonewaytospeedchange.31.Asforsystemsboundaries,theauthoris______.A.critical B.puzzled C.supportive D.unconcerned32.Whatdoestheword“premise”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Prediction. B.Precondition. C.Prevention. D.Presentation.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplearefamiliarwithmultisolving.B.WUNZperformedmultisolvingsuccessfully.C.Raisingmoneyhelpstoproducevisibleresults.D.Multisolvingiswidelyusedtoaddressproblems.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Multisolving:HardtoachievesoonB.Multisolving:EssentialtosolvesmallissuesC.Multisolving:ConductingpartnershipacrossbordersD.Multisolving:Makingsystemswhole,healthy,andsustainable第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Flowisacognitive(认知的)statewhereoneiscompletelyimmersed(沉浸)inanactivity—frompaintingandwritingtoyogaandsurfboarding.___35___TheprocessofflowwasdiscoveredandcoinedbytheHungarian-AmericanpsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.Inthe1960s,Csikszentmihalyistudiedthecreativeprocessandfoundthat,whenanartistwasinthecourseofflow,theywouldinsistontheirtaskstrictly,regardlessofhungerorexhaustion.___36___OneofCsikszentmihalyi’skeypointsaboutflowisthatapersonneedstopushoneselfoutoftheircomfortzonetostimulateit.Becauseit’sadynamicstate,onehastoconstantlyadjusttheskilllevel,challenge,andcomplexityrequiredfortheactivity.___37___Ifyourskilllevelgoesbeyondtheactivity,boredomwillsetin,whichwillbreakthestateofflow.___38___Onecanaccessflowbythinkingofactivitieslikesports,dancingandpainting.Wecanalsohaveaflowstateexperiencewithmanyofourday-to-daytasksandencounters.WatchingTVandvideogaming,however,arenotonthatlist.Flowcanalsobeatoolforbetteremotionregulation(调节).Whenapersonisinastateofflow,thereislittleneedfordoubtsoranxietiesaboutoneselfortheworldingeneral.___39___Throughtheprocessofflow,apersonchoosestofocusonataskandgainasenseofautonomyovertime,body,andmind.However,pushingyourselftofindtheflowstatecanbackfire.Infact,tryingtoohardorwonderingwhetheryouareinthisstateinitselfgoesagainstflow.Welosethebalancebetweentensionandskilllevelifweconcentratetoomuchonthetask.A.Eventheuncertaintiesoflifefallaway.B.Peoplemaynotrealizeitbutanyonecanfindflow.C.Askyourselfifacertaintaskwillfulfillagoalofyours.D.Flowcansometimesbeviewedasaforerunnerforpeakperformance.E.Healsofoundthattheartistwouldhighlighttheprocessandnottheendresult.F.Asyoupracticeaskill,yourlevelofmasterywillchangeaswillthefeelingofflow.G.Itinvolvesintensefocus,creativeengagementandthelossofawarenessoftimeandself.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。There’sadifferencebetweenbeingniceandbeingkind.Beingniceinvolvesbeingpoliteandpleasingtoothers.Ifyou’repeoplepleasing,you’replacinganexpectationonthepersonyou’rebeingnicetothattheyrespondtoyouinacertainway.Beingkindislessself-serving.Ontheonehand,kindnessinvolvesbeinggenerouswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Theotherhalfisthepurposebehindtheaction.Akindpersonisactingoutofsympathyandgenuineconcernforanother.Thedifferenceisintentionality,saidDr.CatherineFranssen,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatLongwoodUniversityinVirginia,notingthatakindpersontriestoreallyunderstandwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Practicingkindnessratherthannicenessallowspeopletodevelopdeepergenuineconnectionswithothers,saidFranssen.Themoreyoudoit,theeasieritwillgettorelatetoothersandbuildmoremeaningfulrelationshipsinallaspectsoflife.Thewarmfeelingyougetfromperforminganactofkindnessisyourbrainreleasingatonoffeel-goodchemicals.Franssensaidbeingkindboostsproductionofserotonin,aneurotransmitter(神经传递素)involvedinmood,includinghappiness.Kindnessalsoreleasesdopamine,abrainchemicalinchargeofrewardandpleasure.It’sthereasonwhydoingoneactofkindnessfeelssogoodthatyouwanttodoanother.Beingkindgivesthesamehealthbenefits,regardlessofhowbigorsmallthegesture.Actsofkindnessmightfeelstrangeandout-of-characteratfirst.However,thisfeelinggoesawaythemoreyoukeeppracticing.Soonenough,itbecomessofamiliaryou’llnoticethebenefitsonyourselfandothers.40.Whatdoesbeingkindinvolve?_____________________________________________________________41.Whydoyougetwarmfeelingwhenshowingkindness?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Themoreyoupracticeniceness,theeasieryouwillconnectwithothersandestablishmoremeaningfulrelationshipsinallaspectsoflife._____________________________________________________________43.Inyourdailylife,whatcanyoudotoshowkindness?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校交换生Jim被学生会邀请参加主题为“Lifein2023”的学年总结展示活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.展示形式；2.展示内容。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHun.

参考答案第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.A7.B8.A9.D10.C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在回家路上遇到一个小男孩要作者为他拍照，作者拒绝后又决定为他拍照，但小男孩很紧张，作者通过鼓励他让他放松并最终拍出了比预期更好的照片。这个故事告诉我们，当我们放下挫折，专注于当下，就能从内心深处创造出更好的作品。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我盼望着把相机搁到一边过一个晚上。A.money金钱；B.camera相机；C.boots靴子；D.notebook笔记本。根据“Photo,photo,photo.”可知，作者是一个摄影师，一天的劳累之后，作者想把相机放下。故选B。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有精力再按一次快门，不管他是多么美丽，多么急切，但他一直跟着我。A.time时间；B.confidence自信；C.energy精力；D.chance机会。根据“Ilookedforwardtosettingmy___1___asideforanevening.”可知，作者已经很累了，所以没有精力再按快门了。故选C。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我半感兴趣地看着他，脑海里闪过一幅作品的念头。A.interested感兴趣的；B.disappointed失望的；C.relieved欣慰的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据“anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.”可知，作者脑海里闪过一幅好的作品，所以对小男孩感兴趣了。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我准备拍照时，他的表达力突然从渴望变成害羞，再变成恐惧。A.panic恐慌；B.confusion困惑；C.eagerness渴望；D.directness直接。根据“Photo,photo,photo.”可知，小男孩起初很渴望拍照，后来又变得很羞怯和恐惧。故选C。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我告诉他怎么做——怎么站，怎么看——我就是得不到那个镜头。A.help帮助；B.attention注意；C.idea想法；D.shot镜头。根据“Iintuitively(直觉地)tookafewshotsofthemoment.”可知，作者想要给小男孩拍照，但是一直没有得到理想的镜头。故选D。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看着那个男孩，他看起来孤独而尴尬。A.alone独自的；B.unconcerned不关心的；C.violent暴力的；D.thoughtful深思熟虑的。根据“Defeated,Igaveup.”可知，作者放弃了，不再教男孩摆任何动作，所以男孩站在那里变得很孤独。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了让他高兴起来，我拍着手说：“太棒了。你太棒了，”A.disturb打扰；B.cheer使高兴；C.accept接受；D.satisfy满意。根据“Theboy’sfaceimmediatelybrokeinto(a)___8___.”可知，作者鼓掌是为了让小男孩高兴起来。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩的脸上立刻露出了笑容。A.smile微笑；B.tears眼泪；C.worries担心；D.surprise惊讶。根据“Iclappedmyhands,saying,“Thatwasgreat.Youweregreat.””可知，作者在鼓励小男孩，所以小男孩笑了。故选A。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那张照片比我想象的作品要好，因为它来自我内心深处。A.style风格；B.color颜色；C.content内容；D.composition作品。根据“AsIlookedathim,half___3___,anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.”可知，这里指作者起初所构思的作品比自己想象的要好。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们放下沮丧，专注于当下的事情时，我们就会被从内到外的创造所感动。A.turnto转向；B.dealwith处理；C.letgoof放下；D.giveinto屈服于。根据“andfocusonwhat’shereinthemoment,”可知，此处指放下沮丧和挫折，转而专注于当下的事情。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.who12.steps13.tohelp【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了KennethShinozuka为帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的祖父而发明了压力传感器，并不断改进它以帮助更多的护理人员。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：KennethShinozuka10岁时，他患有阿尔兹海默的祖父病情开始显现。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是hisgrandfather，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【12题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：传感器会在病人踏出病床时立即向护理人员的智能手机发送警报。连词短语assoonas引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语apatient是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填steps。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，Kenneth继续改进他的发明，以帮助护理人员从任何距离获得警报。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填tohelp。【答案】14.announced15.in16.increasingly【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“authentic”被《韦氏词典》评为2023年度热门词汇的原因。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：《韦氏词典》宣布“authentic”是2023年的热门词汇之一。根据时间状语“2023”可知，应用一般过去时。故填announced。【15题详解】考查介词。句意：人工智能的兴起推动了人们对这个词的兴趣。driveinterestinsth.意为“推动对……的兴趣”，故填in。【16题详解】考查副词。句意：“真”与“假”之间的界限越来越模糊。修饰形容词unclear应用副词形式。故填increasingly。【答案】17.aiming18.hasbeencelebrated19.organized20.options【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界动物日的相关信息。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界动物日是每年10月4日举行的活动，旨在提高全球动物权利。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语WorldAnimalDay与aim之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。【18题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：自1925年一位德国作家和出版商发起以来，它就一直在庆祝。根据时间状语sinceaGermanwriterandpublisherstarteditin1925可知，应用现在完成时，又因为it和celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填hasbeencelebrated。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过参加各种有组织的活动，人们更好地意识到应该如何对待动物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。event和名词organize之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填organized。【20题详解】考查名词的数。句意：每个人都有很多选择来帮助结束所有动物不必要的痛苦。option是可数名词，根据somany可知，应用复数形式。故填options。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)【答案】21.D22.D23.B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了关于CAUSE领导力学院（CLA）学生实习项目的详细信息，包括项目的持续时间、地点、时间承诺、薪酬、目标、内容以及申请要求等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TheCAUSELeadershipAcademy(CLA)forstudentsisapaidnine-weekinternshipprogramthatconnectscollegeundergraduatestocommunitiesthroughlocalpoliticalexperiencesandpreparesthemtoleadandadvocateforthecivicengagement.(面向学生的CAUSE领导学院(CLA)是一个为期九周的带薪实习项目，通过当地政治经验将大学本科生与社区联系起来，为他们领导和倡导公民参与做好准备)”可知，该项目旨在帮助参与者加深对公民问题的理解，为他们领导和倡导公民参与做好准备。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“GeneralInformation”部分中的“Payment:Eachinternwillreceive$4,000uponsatisfactorycompletionoftheprogram.(报酬：在圆满完成项目后，每位实习生将获得4,000美元)”可知，在圆满完成项目后，CLA将会给每位实习生提供4,000美元。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“Requirementsfortheapplicants”部分中的“HaveaminimumGPA(GradePointAverage)of3.0(平均绩点(GPA)不低于3.0分)”可知，申请人的平均成绩不低于3.0分。故选B。【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.C【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了WilsonBentley如何通过不懈的努力和坚持，成为雪花晶体摄影领域的先驱，并对气象成因象进行了深入的研究。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Atfirst,though,Bentleydidnothaveanywaytosharehisenjoymentofthedelicatehexagons(六边形)otherthantodrawthem.(不过，一开始，Bentley除了画出这些精致的六边形之外，没有任何方式来分享他对它们的喜爱和欣赏)”可知，Bentley画雪晶是为了分享自己对它们的喜爱。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thefollowingwinter,hefinallyfiguredoutthattoomuchlightwasreachingthecamera.Hissolutionwastoplaceametalplatewithatinyholeinthecenterbeneaththestageofthemicroscope.Itcutdownthestray(杂散的)lightandallowedonlythelightwavescarryingtheimagetoreachthecamera.(第二年冬天，他终于弄清楚了，因为到达相机的光线太多了。他的解决方案是在显微镜台下方的中央放置一个金属板，上面有一个小孔。它切断了杂散光，只允许携带图像的光波到达相机)”可知，为了拍摄雪晶，Bentley需要改进显微镜，在显微镜台下方的中央放置一个金属板，上面有一个小孔。它切断了杂散光，只允许携带图像的光波到达相机。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Buttoscientists,hewastheuntrainedresearcherwhobecameasnowcrystalpioneer.Hewroteforsciencejournals.Henotonlyphotographedsnowcrystalsbutalsobecameanauthorityondew(露水)andfrost.Hekeptadetaileddailylogoflocalweatherconditionsthroughouthislife.Hedevelopedamethodtomeasurethesizeofraindropstoo.(但对科学家来说，他是一个未经训练的研究人员，后来成为了雪晶的先驱。他为科学杂志撰稿。他不仅拍摄雪晶，而且还成为露水和霜的权威。他一生中每天都详细记录当地的天气情况。他还发明了一种测量雨滴大小的方法)”可知，Bentley不仅仅拍摄了雪晶，而且还成为露水和霜的权威，他还发明了一种测量雨滴大小的方法。也就是说，他不仅仅是一位艺术家也是一位科学家。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ithadbeenalaboroflove,andhewassatisfiedtobeabletosharethebeautyofhissnowcrystalswiththeworld.(这是一种爱的劳动，他很满意能够与世界分享雪晶的美丽)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是WilsonBentley对雪花晶体摄影的热爱和投入，以及他如何通过不懈的努力和坚持成为该领域的专家和权威。因此，我们可以从文章中学到的是爱和奉献成就一个人。故选C。【答案】28.A29.C30.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了群发短信的原因和影响，以及人们应该怎样处理这种情况。【28题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Iloveagrouptext—agrext,ifyou’llpermitme—butlately,thehugenumberofthemcompetingformyattentionhasfeltoutofcontrol.BythetimeIwakeup,thenotificationshavealreadystartedrollingin;asI’mgoingtobed,they’restillcoming.Inbetween,Itrytokeepup,butallittakesisone30-minutemeetingbeforeI’vesomehowgotten100newmessages.Iscrollupandup,tryingtofindwhereIleftoff,likeI’velostmyplaceinabookthatkeepsgettinglonger.(我喜欢群发短信——如果你允许的话，我很喜欢群发短信——但最近，大量群发短信争夺我的注意力让我感觉失去了控制。当我醒来的时候，通知已经开始滚滚而来。就在我上床睡觉的时候，它们还在来。在此期间，我试着跟上进度，但只需要开一个30分钟的会，我就能收到100条新信息。我向上滚动，试图找到我停下来的地方，就像我在一本越来越长的书中失去了我的位置。)”可知，作者利用他在第一段中的经验介绍本文话题。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Forbetterorforworse,wemightbeintheAgeoftheGroupChat.Onestudyfoundthatlessthan2percentofparticipantshadonlyone-on-onechatsonsocialmedia.42percentsaidthatgroupchatscanfeellikeapart-timejob.Otherstudieshavefoundthatgroupchatscancontributetogroupbondandsharedfun.Agrouptextcanbelikeareminderthatyou’repartofsomething.Someresearcherscallthis“ambientvirtualpresence”:Evenwhenyou’realone,you’renotalone.Thisislikebatsanddolphinsproducingacontinuoussoundandusetheresultingecho(回声)tosensewhat’saroundthem.(不管是好是坏，我们可能正处于群聊时代。一项研究发现，只有不到2%的参与者只在社交媒体上进行一对一的