浙江省杭州地区(含周边)重点中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题 含解析

绝密★考试结束前2024学年第一学期期中杭州地区（含周边）重点中学高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效；4.考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节：（共5小题每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthemeetingstart?A.At9:10.B.At9:20.C.At9:25.2.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tolearnaboutapolicy.B.Tocancelanappointment.C.Toaskaboutamedicalbill.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Awebpage.B.Acomputerproblem.C.Adownloadedfile.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atanairport.B.Inadeliverycompany.C.Atahotel5.WhatdothespeakersthinkofJoel?A.Heisorganized.B.Heisunreliable.C.Heissilent.第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howdoesthemanrespondtothewoman’srequest?A.Confusedly.B.Impolitely.C.Patiently.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.PayfortheparkingB.Comebackhome.C.Deliverapackage.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatfielddothespeakersworkin?A.Publishing.B.Education.C.Informationtechnology.9.WhatisthemainreasonforchoosingReiko’sstory?A.It’swellstructured.B.ItcanattractmorepeopleC.Ithasaneducationaltheme.听第7段材料，回答第10至13题。10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.ShehastakenSpanishclasses.B.ShehasbeentoSpainmanytimes.C.ShehaslearnedSpainforwork.11.Howlongwillthecourselast?A.Aboutonemonth.B.Abouttwomonths.C.Aboutthreemonths.12.Whydoesthemanadvisethewomantoregisterearly?A.Thenumberofplacesisdecreased.B.Theregisteringtimeislimited.C.Theclassesareverypopular.13.Whatdoesthewomanrequestintheend?A.Alistofthetextbooks.B.Athinbookonthecourses.C.Awaytocontactthecenter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Anarchitect.B.Ateacher.C.Aneditor.15.WhatinspiredAndytopursuehiscareer?A.Hisdesiretodevelopattractivespaces.B.Hisaimofpromotinggreenerlifestyles.C.Hisfamilytraditioninthisfield.16.WhatismentionedasahighlightofAndy’scareer?A.Completingaprojectaheadofschedule.B.WorkingonalandmarkbuildingC.Startinghisownbusiness.17.WhatdoesAndyvaluemostaboutworkinginconstruction?A.Stayingupdatedontechnology.B.Keepingcuriousandcreative.C.Promotingteamwork.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Recommendinganorganization.B.Introducingaprofession.C.Presentingaguest.19.WhatdoesDanielCarlin’scurrentjobinvolve?A.Studyingadvancedmedicaltechnology.B.Establishingsomenewclinics.C.Offeringremoteconsultations.20.Whatisthelong-termgoalofCarlin’sclinic?A.Toaidmedicalstaffindevelopingnations.B.TogivemedicaltreatmenttoAmericansabroad.C.Toprovidefreemedicaltreatmentforneedyareas.第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AUsefulstudytoolsTheInternethastransformedallaspectsofourlives,includinghowwestudy.Itgivesusaccesstonumerousresourcesandeducationforpeoplewhoneedhelpinaccessingitinphysicalmodes.KhanAcademyKhanAcademyisanonlinestudytoolthatoffersawiderangeofcoursestaughtbyexperts.Youcanusetheapptolearnnewskills,brushuponexistingones,prepareforatestandmore.Italsoletsyoutrackyourprogressandlearnatyourownpace.What’sbetteristhatitisentirelyfree.OuizletOuizletoffersmanyhelpfulonlinestudytoolsthatmakeitessentialtostudents’lives.Frominteractiveflashcardstocomprehensivestudyresources,itmakeseducationandlearningfun.Ithasover250millionpre-madestudysets.Youcanalsocreateandshareyourflashcardswithothersforbettercooperation.Thepriceis$6permonth,andyoucangetafree7-daytrialontheannualplan.HippoCampusHippoCampusisafreeonlinestudytoolthatimprovesyourlearningwithvideos,animations,courseoutlinesandotherlearningresources.Thesetoolsmakeitincrediblyusefulforvisuallearners.Youcanuseitfor13subjects,includingnaturalscience,Englishandmath,etc.DuolingoIfyouarealanguagestudent,Duolingoisamust-havestudytool.Quick,bite-sizedlessonsandpersonalizedlearningcanmakelanguagelearningfunandinteractive.Butthat’snotallDuolingocanteachItcanalsohelpyoulearnphonicsandmathlessons.Thebestpartisthatthebasicversioniscompletelyfree.TheSuperDuolingois$6.99permonthandtheDuolingoBusinessis$49.99peryear.1.WhatdoKhanAcademyandHippoCampushaveincommon?A.Beingavailableatnocost. B.Enablingprogresstracking.C.Offeringaccessto250studysets. D.Makingfinalpreparationsfortests.2.WhatisspecialaboutOuizlet?A.Itcovers13subjects. B.Itspecializesinstudents’lives.C.Itisdesignedformathlearners. D.Itallowscooperativelearning.3.Whichtoolisthebestchoiceforalanguagelearner?A.Ouizlet. B.Duolingo. C.HippoCampus. D.KhanAcademy.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一些网上有用的学习工具。【1题详解】细节理解题。由KhanAcademy中“What’sbetteristhatitisentirelyfree.(更好的是它是完全免费的。)”和HippoCampus中“HippoCampusisafreeonlinestudytoolthatimprovesyourlearningwithvideos,animations,courseoutlinesandotherlearningresources.(HippoCampus是一个免费的在线学习工具，通过视频、动画、课程大纲和其他学习资源来提高你的学习效果。)”可知，KhanAcademy和HippoCampus都是免费提供。故选A项。2题详解】细节理解题。由Ouizlet中“Youcanalsocreateandshareyourflashcardswithothersforbettercooperation.(您还可以创建抽认卡并与他人分享，以便更好地合作。)”和其他三个学习工具可知，Ouizlet是允许合作学习。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由Duolingo中“Ifyouarealanguagestudent,Duolingoisamust-havestudytool.(如果你是一名语言学生，Duolingo是一个必备的学习工具。)”可知，Duolingo是语言学习者的最佳选择。故选B项。BIwassittinginthepassengerseatofapickuptruck.MynewfriendSherry,wasdrivingmeintoatowntoresupplyinexchangeforstoriesandcuriosities.Sheaskedme,“Aren’tyouscaredoutthere,ayounggirl,alone,inthewoods?”Irepliedcalmly,“I’mabsolutelyterrified.”Overthecourseofmyhike,I’vefoundthatthephysicalstrengthofhikingthousandsofmilescanbeimpressivetosomepeople.Buttomostpeople,therealquestionssurroundourmentalcourageandhowweovercomefearsandfrustrations.Hikingisaphysicalactivitythatnearlyanyonecoulddo.Thru-hikingistohikewhileacceptingthephysical,mentalandenvironmentalfrustrations.Thru-hikingisasportofcourageandperseverance.ThechallengesIhavemetthroughoutmytimeontheAppalachianTrailcouldbeseenonthesurfaceasphysicalillness.Frominjuredanklestovirusinfection,manyofmyfrustrationswerecausedbymisstepsandbadtiming.It’seasytoenjoyahikeonacool,sunnydaywhentheweathercooperatesandyourbodyflowswiththetrail.However,thru-hikingmorecommonlyinvolveshikinginweatherthatcancausesweatingandsorefeetthathavelastedformonths.WhenIapproachedthetrail,IthoughtprovinghowstrongIcouldbephysicallywouldscareawaytheproblemspartofmedidn’twanttodealwith.ButitwasonthetrailthatIcamefacetofacewithmypersonalproblemsandinsecurities.Despiteitsincredibleabilitytoconnectus,socialmediacanalsogivefalseimpressionsofday-to-daylifeouthere.Somepeoplemayseemyownsocialfeedsandthinkhikingisallaboutviewsandwildlife.Whattheworlddoesn’tseeisthatmyanxietyledmetoquestionwhetherI’mfitforthislifestyle.SometimesmydepressionmademewonderwhetheralloftheeffortIputinwasenough.Sometimesseeminglysimpletaskscanleadtopanicattacks.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’shikeontheAppalachianTrail?A.Shemadealotoffriends. B.Sheworkedoutagoodplanforit.C.Sheenjoyedamomentofpeacethere. D.Shefacedphysicalandmentalchallenges.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelonthetrail?A.Terrified. B.Helpless C.Confident. D.Proud.6.Whatistheauthor’sviewonsocialmedia?A.Itusuallytellsonlypartofthetruth. B.Itrevealsserioussocialproblems.C.Itmostlycoversimportantevents. D.Itisfilledwithfalseinformation.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteaspiritualjourney. B.Tocomparedifferenthikingtrails.C.TointroducetheAppalachianTrail. D.Toshareherreflectiononhiking.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在阿巴拉契亚步道徒步旅行中的经历，包括面对的身体与心理挑战，以及对生活的深刻反思。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overthecourseofmyhike,I’vefoundthatthephysicalstrengthofhikingthousandsofmilescanbeimpressivetosomepeople.Buttomostpeople,therealquestionssurroundourmentalcourageandhowweovercomefearsandfrustrations.(在我的徒步旅行过程中，我发现徒步数千英里的体力可以让人印象深刻。但对于大多数人来说，真正的问题围绕着我们的精神勇气，以及我们如何克服恐惧和挫折)”可知，作者在徒步过程中遇到了身体和心理上的挑战。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章文章第一段“Irepliedcalmly,“I’mabsolutelyterrified.”(我平静地回答说：“我非常害怕”)”及第五段“WhenIapproachedthetrail,IthoughtprovinghowstrongIcouldbephysicallywouldscareawaytheproblemspartofmedidn’twanttodealwith.ButitwasonthetrailthatIcamefacetofacewithmypersonalproblemsandinsecurities.(当我接近这条小径时，我以为证明自己有多强壮会吓跑我内心不想面对的问题。但在小径上，我直面了自己的个人问题和不安全感)”可知，作者想用身体的强大以吓跑不敢面对的问题，但事实上并没有，作者没有安全感，感到害怕。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Despiteitsincredibleabilitytoconnectus,socialmediacanalsogivefalseimpressionsofday-to-daylifeouthere.Somepeoplemayseemyownsocialfeedsandthinkhikingisallaboutviewsandwildlife.Whattheworlddoesn’tseeisthatmyanxietyledmetoquestionwhetherI’mfitforthislifestyle.(尽管社交媒体有令人难以置信的能力将我们联系在一起，但它也会给日常生活的外貌带来虚假的印象。有些人可能会看到我自己的社交动态，认为徒步只是关于风景和野生动物。但世界看不到的是，我的焦虑使我质疑自己是否适合这种生活方式)”可知，作者认为社交媒体上展示的内容并不全面，它通常只讲述了部分真相。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Hikingisaphysicalactivitythatnearlyanyonecoulddo.Thru-hikingistohikewhileacceptingthephysical,mentalandenvironmentalfrustrations.Thru-hikingisasportofcourageandperseverance.(徒步是一种几乎任何人都能进行的活动。穿越徒步是指在徒步时接受身体、心理和环境带来的挑战。穿越徒步是一项勇气和毅力的运动)”及最后一段“SometimesmydepressionmademewonderwhetheralloftheeffortIputinwasenough.Sometimesseeminglysimpletaskscanleadtopanicattacks.(有时，我的抑郁让我怀疑我所付出的所有努力是否足够。有时候，看似简单的任务会导致恐慌发作)”可知，在文中作者分享了自己在阿巴拉契亚步道徒步的经历，包括遇到的身体与心理挑战，以及对社交媒体的看法等，旨在分享她对于徒步旅行的个人反思。故选D。CWhatmakesagoodlife?Philosophershaveofferedtwoclassicanswerstothequestion,capturedbytwodifferentGreekwordsforhappiness,hedoniaandeudaimonia.Ahedoniclifeisfreefrompainandfullofeverydaypleasure.Aeudaemoniclifeisavirtuous(高洁的)andpurposefulone,fullofmeaning.Butinanewstudy,philosopherLorraineBesserofMiddleburyCollegeandpsychologistShigehiroOishioftheUniversityofVirginiaarguethatthereisathirdimportantelementofagoodlife,whichtheycall“psychologicalrichness”.Accordingtothisview,agoodlifeisonethatisinteresting,variedandsurprising-evenifsomeofthosesurprisesaren’tnecessarilypleasantones.Infact,thethingsthatmakealifepsychologicallyrichmayactuallymakeitlesshappyintheordinarysense.Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.Apsychologicallyrichlifemaybelesseudaemonic.Thoseunexpectedturnsmayleadyoutostayawayfromyouroriginalpurposeandactinwaysthatarelessvirtuous.ProfessorsBesserandOishimakethecaseforapsychologicallyrichlifeinapaperthathasjustappearedinthejournalPhilosophicalPsychology.Butisthisalifethatmostpeoplewouldactuallywant,orisitjustforthesortofpeoplewhowritephilosophyarticles?Tofindout,theprofessorsandtheircolleaguesdidastudyinvolvingmorethan3,000peopleinninecountries.Theresearchersgaveparticipantsalistof15descriptivewordssuchas“pleasant”,“meaningful”and“interesting”,andaskedwhichbestdescribedagoodlife.Whentheyanalyzedtheresponses,ProfessorsBesserandOishifoundthatpeopleindeedthoughtthatahappyandmeaningfullifewasagoodlife.Buttheyalsothoughtapsychologicallyrichlifewasimportant.Infact,acrossdifferentcultures,about10-15%ofpeoplesaidthatiftheywereforcedtochoose,theywouldgoforapsychologicallyrichlifeoverahappyormeaningfulone.Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersposedthequestioninadifferentway.Insteadofaskingpeoplewhatkindoflifetheywouldchoose,theyaskedwhattheyregrettedaboutthelifetheyhadactuallyled.Didtheyregretdecisionsthatmadetheirliveslesshappyorlessmeaningful?Ordidtheyregretpassingupachanceforinterestingandsurprisingexperiences?Iftheycouldundoonedecision,whatwoulditbe?Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplethoughtabouttheirregrets,theywereevenmorelikelytovaluepsychologicalrichness.8.Accordingtothetext,apsychologicallyrichlife____________.A.meansapleasantone B.undervalueslifegoalsC.isanythingbutboring D.isfullofunhappiness9.WhydidBesserandOishidothestudiesinparagraphs6and7?A.Tosearchforevidencefortheirarticles. B.Tofindgoodwaystoreflectonone’slife.C.Todigdeepintothemeaningofagoodlife. D.Totesttheirideaaboutagoodlifeonthepublic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“undo”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Announce. B.Erase. C.Uphold. D.Judge.11.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Twostudiesonpsychologicalhealth B.Don’tletregretsruinyourlifeC.Variousopinionsonahappylife D.Agoodlifeunnecessarilymeansahappyone【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理丰富的生活理论，即一个心理丰富的生活并不意味着是一个快乐的生活。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.(幸福的生活可能很无聊，但心理丰富的生活却不是。冒险、探索和危机可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人惊讶的。)”可知，心理丰富的生活绝不无聊。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。由文章第五段“ProfessorsBesserandOishimakethecaseforapsychologicallyrichlifeinapaperthathasjustappearedinthejournalPhilosophicalPsychology.Butisthisalifethatmostpeoplewouldactuallywant,orisitjustforthesortofpeoplewhowritephilosophyarticles?(Besser和Oishi教授在刚刚发表在《哲学心理学》杂志上的一篇论文中阐述了心理丰富的生活。但这是大多数人真正想要的生活，还是只适合写哲学文章的人？)”以及第六段“Tofindout,theprofessorsandtheircolleaguesdidastudyinvolvingmorethan3,000peopleinninecountries.(为了找到答案，教授和他们的同事进行了一项涉及9个国家3000多人的研究。)”可知，Besser和Oishi教授做这些研究是为了在公众面前检验他们对美好生活的看法。故选D项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。由最后一段“Insteadofaskingpeoplewhatkindoflifetheywouldchoose,theyaskedwhattheyregrettedaboutthelifetheyhadactuallyled.Didtheyregretdecisionsthatmadetheirliveslesshappyorlessmeaningful?Ordidtheyregretpassingupachanceforinterestingandsurprisingexperiences?(他们没有问人们会选择什么样的生活，而是问他们对自己实际过的生活有什么遗憾。他们是否后悔那些让他们的生活不那么幸福或没有意义的决定？还是他们后悔错过了一次有趣而令人惊讶的经历？)”可知，这里主要调查大家后悔的事情，所以后文假设如果可以删除一个后悔的决定，他们会怎么选哪一个，所以猜测划线单词表示“删除，移除”的意思。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Accordingtothisview,agoodlifeisonethatisinteresting,variedandsurprising-evenifsomeofthosesurprisesaren’tnecessarilypleasantones.Infact,thethingsthatmakealifepsychologicallyrichmayactuallymakeitlesshappyintheordinarysense.(根据这一观点，美好的生活是有趣、多样和令人惊讶的，即使其中一些惊喜不一定是令人愉快的。事实上，让生活在心理上丰富的东西实际上可能会让它在普通意义上不那么快乐。)”以及第四段“Ahappylifecanbeboring,butapsychologicallyrichlifeisn’t.Adventures,explorationsandcrisesmaybepainful,butatleasttheyaresurprising.Apsychologicallyrichlifemaybelesseudaemonic.Thoseunexpectedturnsmayleadyoutostayawayfromyouroriginalpurposeandactinwaysthatarelessvirtuous.(幸福的生活可能很无聊，但心理丰富的生活却不是。冒险、探索和危机可能是痛苦的，但至少是令人惊讶的。心理丰富的生活可能不那么幸福。这些意想不到的转变可能会让你偏离最初的目的，以不那么道德的方式行事。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍Besser和Oishi教授提出的心理丰富的生活理论，即一个心理丰富的生活并不意味着是一个快乐的生活。故选D项。DResearchhasshownthatpeoplerecallinformationbetterinthelongtermwhentheyreturntothatmaterialovertime,ratherthantryingtorapidlymemorizeeverythinginaback-to-backmanner.Thisiscalled“spacingeffect”.Yet,theenvironmentsinwhichwelearnnewthingsaredifferent.Imagineyoumeetanewco-worker.Thenexttimeyouencountereachothercouldbeinanotherlocationorwithagroupofpeople.Howdoessuchvariabilityimpactthebenefitstomemoryassociatedwiththespacingeffect?Intwoexperiments,weassessedhowwellpeoplecouldrememberpairsofimages:anitemsuchasananimalortool,andascene,suchasafamouslocationorphotographofaroom.Forexample,participantsmightseeagreenmansidebysidewithaphotographoftheEiffelTower.Ourparticipantsobservedmorethan40suchpairingsduringtheirlearningsessions.Tocreateamixofstableandvariablefeatures,thepairingswereeitherpresentedidentically,withthesameitemandscenealwaysshowntogether,ortheitemappearedalongsideanewsceneeachtime.Forinstance,agreenmanmightappearwiththeEiffelToweragainorbesideanotherlandmark.Inthefirstexperiment,theparticipantsengagedinfourlearningsessionseachdayoveraperiodof24days.Wespacedouttheappearanceofrepeateditem-scenepairsfromhourstodays.Onthe25thday,participantstookatesttoseehowwelltheyhadlearnedtheimages.Inoursecondexperiment,wecompressed(压缩)alllearningintoasinglesessiononjustoneday.Werepeatedthesameandvariablepairseitherback-to-backorwithspacing-butherelearningwasdistributedonlyintheorderofsecondsorminutes.Wefoundthatparticipantsdidabetterjobatrecallingwhetherthey’dencounteredthegreenmanwhenrepetitionsofthatimagehadbeenspacedout.Butpeoplealsoremembereditemsbetterwhenthey’dseenthempairedwithdifferentscenesoneachrepetition,comparedwiththeitemsalwaysshownwiththesamescene.Thatis,thebraincouldusechangetoremembertheisolated,stablefeatureswhilerelyingonconsistency(一致性)totietogethermultipleassociatedfeatures.Overall,peopleusevariabilityandrepetitiontoenhancememoryforvariousaspectsoftheirexperience.12.Whatdoesthestudyinthepassagefocuson?A.Whetherthespacingeffectisbeneficialtoourmemory. B.Themechanismsunderlyingthespacingeffect.C.Thedifferencesofvariouslearningstrategies. D.Howenvironmentsaffectourmemory.13.Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingthepairseitheridenticallyordifferently?A.Toassesstheimpactofvariabilityonmemory.B.Tomeasuretheparticipants’preferenceforspecificscenes.C.Todetermineiffamiliarscenesaremoreeffectiveinlearning.D.Totesttheparticipants’abilitytorecognizefamouslandmarks.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoexperiments?A.Thesecondexperimentwasconductedina24-dayperiod.B.Bothexperimentsusedhourlybreaksinlearningsessions.C.Thefirstgroupofparticipantsrecalledthepairsmorequickly.D.Repetitionswerespacedoversecondsorminutesinthesecondexperiment.15.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthestudy?A.Thebrainisthemostcomplexstructureinthebody.B.Bothspacingandvariabilitycancontributetomemory.C.Enrichedenvironmentsfosterthedevelopmentofmemory.DRapidmemorizationleadstoincreasedproductivityandefficiency【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了两个关于记忆效果影响因素的实验设计、过程及结果分析，探讨了间隔效应和环境变化性对记忆的影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatpeoplerecallinformationbetterinthelongtermwhentheyreturntothatmaterialovertime,ratherthantryingtorapidlymemorizeeverythinginaback-to-backmanner.Thisiscalled“spacingeffect”.Yet,theenvironmentsinwhichwelearnnewthingsaredifferent.Imagineyoumeetanewco-worker.Thenexttimeyouencountereachothercouldbeinanotherlocationorwithagroupofpeople.Howdoessuchvariabilityimpactthebenefitstomemoryassociatedwiththespacingeffect?(研究表明，当人们随着时间的推移再次接触学习材料，而不是试图连续快速地记住所有内容时，他们长期记忆信息的效果会更好。这被称为“间隔效应”。然而，我们学习新事物所处的环境是不同的。想象一下，你遇到了一位新同事。下次你们相遇可能是在另一个地点，或者在一群人之中。这种变化性如何影响与间隔效应相关的记忆益处呢？)”可知，文章主要探讨了环境变化性对记忆的影响，特别是与间隔效应相关的记忆益处。文中通过两个实验说明了在记忆过程中，环境的变化性（如物品与不同场景的配对）如何影响人们的记忆效果。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Intwoexperiments,weassessedhowwellpeoplecouldrememberpairsofimages:anitemsuchasananimalortool,andascene,suchasafamouslocationorphotographofaroom.Forexample,participantsmightseeagreenmansidebysidewithaphotographoftheEiffelTower.Ourparticipantsobservedmorethan40suchpairingsduringtheirlearningsessions.Tocreateamixofstableandvariablefeatures,thepairingswereeitherpresentedidentically,withthesameitemandscenealwaysshowntogether,ortheitemappearedalongsideanewsceneeachtime.(在两个实验中，我们评估了人们记忆图像对（如动物或工具等物品与著名地点或房间照片等场景）的能力。例如，参与者可能会看到绿色的小人旁边放着一张埃菲尔铁塔的照片。在学习阶段，我们的参与者观察了40多对这样的配对。为了创造稳定与可变特征的混合，这些配对要么以相同的方式呈现，即相同的物品和场景总是一起出现，要么每次物品旁边都会出现一个新的场景。)”可知，文章提到，为了创造稳定与可变特征的混合，配对可以以相同的方式呈现（即相同的物品和场景总是一起出现），也可以每次物品旁边都出现一个新的场景。这样做的目的是为了评估变化性（即每次重复时物品与不同场景的配对）对记忆的影响。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inoursecondexperiment,wecompressed(压缩)alllearningintoasinglesessiononjustoneday.Werepeatedthesameandvariablepairseitherback-to-backorwithspacing-butherelearningwasdistributedonlyintheorderofsecondsorminutes.(在我们的第二个实验中，我们将所有的学习内容压缩到仅一天的一个学习阶段中。我们连续或间隔地重复了相同和不同的配对，但在这里，学习只在几秒或几分钟的顺序内进行。)”可知，第二个实验中重复内容的时间间隔是几秒或几分钟。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thatis,thebraincouldusechangetoremembertheisolated,stablefeatureswhilerelyingonconsistency(一致性)totietogethermultipleassociatedfeatures.Overall,peopleusevariabilityandrepetitiontoenhancememoryforvariousaspectsoftheirexperience.(也就是说，大脑可以利用变化来记忆孤立的、稳定的特征，同时依靠一致性将多个相关特征联系在一起。总的来说，人们利用变化性和重复性来增强对经历中各个方面的记忆。)”以及全文内容可知，文章中提到两个实验的结果都支持了间隔效应（spacingeffect）和环境变化性（variability）对记忆的积极影响。第一个实验表明，间隔重复和在不同场景中呈现物品可以增强记忆。第二个实验也显示，即使在较短的时间间隔内，间隔和变化性也有助于记忆。因此，可以得出结论，间隔和变化性都是提高记忆效果的重要因素。故选B。第二节：（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeopleseekemergencycareforinjuriesresultingfrom“movingwrong”duringeverydaytaskslikeliftingobjectsordoinghouseholdchores.___16___Inourinactivelifestyles,weoftenignoretheimportanceofmovingregularly.Thelesswemove,themorelikelywearetomoveinawayourbodyisunfamiliarwith,thusresultingininjuries.Sowhynottakethefollowingstrategiestomaketherightmoves?___17___Whenyoureachforsomething,youpushyourarmforward.Toopenadoor,yougraspthehandleandpullback.Byperformingbodyweightmovementswithagoodform,youdevelopastrongfoundationforsafeandefficientmovementinallaspectsoflife.Trainforbetterbalance.Exercisesthatfocusononesideofthebodyatatimecanenhancecoordination(协调性)andstability.Soincludesomeformofunilateral(单侧)balanceexercisesintoallyourworkouts.Ithelpsyoubetteradaptroughgroundandsuddenchangesindirection.___18___Includestrengthtraininginyourworkouts.Regularstrengthtrainingbuildsmorethanmuscleandincreasesbonedensity(密度)andjointstability.___19___Youcanaddresistanceexercisestargetingdifferentmusclegroups.Then,you’llenjoysafeandeffectivestrengthdevelopment.Strengthenyourmind-bodyconnection.___20___Thishelpsyoustayconnectedtoyourbody’sexperiencesothatyoucanfocusonthepropermovements.Progressivemusclerelaxationisagreatexercisefordevelopingyourmind-bodyconnection.Practiceitseveraltimesperweek.A.Sohowdowrongmovescomeabout?B.Practicemovinginallplanesofmotion.C.SodostrengthtrainingtwoormoredaysperweekD.Asaresult,you’llhavethelowerriskoffallsandinjuries.E.Considerthemovementsrequiredtofunctionduringdailylife.F.Whileexercising,youfocusonyourbreathandwhatyou’refeelingG.Allthesemovementsputunnecessarystressonyourmusclesandjoints.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.C20.F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何保证日常的行为正确，从而避免因“行为不当”而造成的受伤。【16题详解】根据空后“Inourinactivelifestyles,weoftenignoretheimportanceofmovingregularly.Thelesswemove,themorelikelywearetomoveinawayourbodyisunfamiliarwith,thusresultingininjuries.(在我们不活跃的生活方式中，我们经常忽视定期运动的重要性，我们运动得越少，我们越可能以身体不熟悉的方式移动，从而导致受伤。)”可知，后文提到了我们在日常生活中经常因为不定期锻炼，以身体不熟悉的方式移动身体，从而导致受伤，故A项“那么，错误的举动是如何产生的呢？”符合语境，本空提出问题，空后回答问题。故选A项。【17题详解】根据空后“Whenyoureachforsomething,youpushyourarmforward.Toopenadoor,yougraspthehandleandpullback.Byperformingbodyweightmovementswithagoodform,youdevelopastrongfoundationforsafeandefficientmovementinallaspectsoflife.(当你伸手去拿东西时，你的手臂会先前推。要开门时，你会抓住手柄往后拉。通过以良好的方式进行较重的体力活，你就为生活各个方面的安全高效的运动打下了坚实的基础。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在平时的行为中，应该如何保证动作的正确性，故E项“考虑日常生活中所需的运动”符合本段主旨。故选E项。【18题详解】根据空前“Soincludesomeformofunilateral(单侧的)balanceexercisesintoallyourworkouts.Ithelpsyoubetteradaptroughgroundandsuddenchangesindirection.(因此在锻炼中加入某种形式的单侧平衡练习。这能帮助你更好的适应崎岖的地面和突然的方向改变。)”可知，D项“因此，你跌倒和受伤的风险就会降低。”是前文的顺义承接，与前文构成因果关系，在锻炼中加入单侧平衡练习，能帮助你更好的适应入崎岖的地面和突然的方向改变，因此你跌倒和受伤的风险就会降低。故选D项。【19题详解】根据空前“Regularstrengthtrainingbuildsmorethanmuscleandincreasesbonedensity(密度)andjointstability.(定期的力量训练不仅能增加肌肉，还能提高骨密度和关节稳定性。)”可知，空前提到定期的力量训练的好处，故C项“因此每周进行两天或两天以上的力量训练。”符合，与空前构成因果关系，且点明本段的主旨“Includestrengthtraininginyourworkouts.(在你的训练中加入力量训练。)”。故选C项。【20题详解】根据空前“Strengthenyourmind-bodyconnection.(加强你的身心联系。)”可知，空前提到了加强身心联系，故F项“锻炼时，专注于你的呼吸和你的感受。”符合，解释说明空前的加强身心联系就是在锻炼时专注你的呼吸和感受。故选F项。第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnesunnySundaymorning,parentswerewatchingtheirkidsdragtheirpaddleboards(冲浪板)towardsthesurfclubatthebeach.Asalways,the___21___endedwithanawardspresentation,wherethegroupleaderclaimed,“I’vegotgrandkids,andatmyhouse,there’sarule:Neversay‘Ican’t’;alwayssay‘I’ll___22___’.”Thatday,mysonwonthebraveryaward.Hehadheavilyfallendownonshoreandrunstraighttomywifefor___23___,assix-year-oldsdo.Butafterahug,hegotenough___24___tosurf.Beforetheleader___25___mysonasthewinner,hejoked,“BackwhenIworkedinthecourts,Ihadto___26___people’snames.AndwhenIcouldn’t___27___somebody’ssurname,I’djustcall‘Wheelbarrow’.So,thebraveryawardthisweekgoesto...”Yes.Myson’ssurnameisnot___28___seen,sohejust___29___“Wheelbarrow”.Obviously,the“neversayIcan’t”ruledidn’tapplytopronouncing____30____names.IfeltitwaslikesomethingIwouldhave____31____asasecond-generationAustralianinthe1980s.Butthisisthe2020s.“Excuseme,sir,”mywifesuddenlyspokeup,smilingattheleader.“Themessageyouhavesenttomyboyisthathisnamei