浙江省宁波市余姚中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 含解析

余姚中学2024学年第一学期期中考试高二英语学科试卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoesthewomansayaboutThomasEdison?A.Heisaninterestingperson.B.Heisterrifiedofthedark.C.Heinventedmanyotherthings.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HaveyouheardofThomasEdison?M:Sure.Hewasaninventorwhoinventedthelightbulb.W:That’sright.Heinventedtheworld’sfirstlong-lastinglightbulb.Andactuallyhehadaninspirationbecausehe’safraidofthedark!M:Really?Interesting!2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atdusk. B.Atmidnight. C.Intheearlymorning.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mom,it’sgettingdark.Whereisourcat?Doeshestayoutatnight?W:Don’tworryHe’llcomebackwhenhegetshungry.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Ahostess. B.Theman’sboss. C.Asalesperson.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Welcometoourshow,Mr.Johnson.Sowhatadvicedoyougivetoyoungpeopleonstartingabusiness?M:Well,mostofmyfailureshavecomefromtryingtosellsomethingthatpeopledidn’twant.Somyadviceistodoyourhomeworktofindoutwhatpeoplewant.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomanlikelytodo?A.TakeWaynetothehospital. B.Takeadayoff. C.Drivetowork.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wayneissicktoday.Canyoucometotheoffice?W:Butit’smydayofftoday.M:Iknow.I’llpayyouextra.W:OK,OK.I’mgoingtowalktomycar.Seeyousoon.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredothewoman’sgrandparentscomefrom?A.America. B.Germany. C.Turkey.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Wheredoyourgrandparentscomefrom?M:Mymom’sparentswerebornintheUS,butmydad’sparentscomefromTurkey.Howaboutyou?W:IthinkallmygrandparentscomefromGermany,thecountrywelearnedfromourhistoryclasses.第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Husbandandwife.7.WhatisStewart’ssuggestion?A.Trytraditionalfood.B.Havesomethingmoreunusual.CVotetoselectagoodplace.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:HiStewart.Doyouhaveafewminutes?M:Sure.What’sup?W:I’mthinkingabouttheplanforthestaffChristmasdinner.Doyouthinkweshouldgosomewherethatservestraditionalfood,orgoforsomethingmoreunusual?M:That’satrickyquestion.Ithinkyoushouldemaileveryoneinourofficeandtakeavote.W:Goodidea!I’lldothat.ThanksStewart!M:Mypleasure.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howdoesthewomanlooktotheman?A.Confused. B.Excited. C.Anxious.9.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthenews?A.Fromthenewspaper. B.Fromtheradio. C.FromTV.10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.TeachDebbieself-protection.B.PickDebbieupeveryday.C.LookforDebbie.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】【原文】M:Areyouokay?Youlooksoworried.W:Ican’tstopthinkingaboutthatawfulstory.M:DidyoureaditinthenewspaperorseeitfromTV?W:Neither.Ijustlistenedtotheradiothismorning.M:Huh?Whichone?W:Theoneisaboutthelittlegirlwhogotlostthreedaysago.Andnowsheisstillnotfound.Itmakesmeworryaboutthesafetyofourdaughter.M:Don’tworry.Debbieisagoodgirlandwe’lltakecareofher.W:OK.I’llpickherupfromschooleveryday.You’lltellherhowtoprotectherselfwell.M:Noproblem.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthehotel. B.Onthephone. C.Intherestaurant.12.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.480yuan. B.960yuan. C.1,440yuan.13.Whatdoesthemanoffertothewoman?A.Hisphonenumber. B.Hiscreditcard. C.Hisconfirmationform.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?M:Yes.I’dliketobookasingleroomfromAugust18thto21stinyourhotel.W:OK.Pleasedon’thanguponme.I’llcheckourreservations.Hmm...I’mafraidwedon’thaveanysingleroomsavailableforthosedays.Whataboutadoubleroominstead?M:That’sfine.MynameisJackBrown,andthenumberis362-6833.W:Good.I’dliketoconfirmyourreservation.AdoubleroomincludingbreakfastforMr.Brownat480yuanpernightfromAugust18thto21st.M:Right.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whendoesthemanprobablyleavethehouseonweekdays?A.At6:30a.m. B.At6:45a.m. C.At7:00a.m.15.Whatisincludedintheman’sbreakfast?A.Porridge. B.Toast. C.Icedcoffee.16.Whatistheman?A.Areporter. B.Adoctor. C.Ashopassistant.17.Howwillthemangethometoday?ABybus. B.Onfoot. C.Bycar.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,I’mdoingareportaboutthelifeofofficeworkers.Couldyoutellmewhatyoudoonatypicalday?M:Yes.Igetupat6:30onweekdaysandthenIspend15minuteshavingawashandbrushingmyteeth.Next,Ispendanother15minutesgettingmyselfsomecoffeeandfinishingit.Afterthat,Ileavethehouseandwalktothebusstation.W:Don’tyouhavebreakfast?M:Oh,Ihavebreakfastinthecanteen.W:Whatkindofthingsdoyouhaveforbreakfast?M:Iusedtohavetoastorcereal.NowIhaveporridgeorsomethingwarm.Oh,Istartworkat8o’clock.Iorganizetheoperatinglist.AndIgenerallyhaveanothercoffeeatabout8:30whileI’vesentformyfirstpatient.Er...thenIdotheoperationsduringthecourseoftheday.W:Good.Whendoyougohome?M:Icanfinishatanytimefromsixtoeightatnight.W:Well,howdoyougethome?M:IusuallytaketheNo.15bus.Buttodaymyfriendwillpickmeupinthecar.Thatsavesabitoftime.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhatisthepurposeofthepolicyreleasedbytheMinistryofEducation?A.Toimprovekids’physicalhealth.B.Tomakekidsconcentrateonstudy.C.Toassistteacherswithmanagement.19.WhydidLiuYanpingviewtheapproachwithacriticaleye?A.Itcouldn’thelpkidsdevelopself-managementskills.B.Itcouldn’thelpkidsformgoodhabitsofphoneusage.C.Itcouldn’thelpkidsadapttotoday’ssocietywell.20.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepolicy?A.Ambiguous.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:TheMinistryofEducationreleasedanoticethatrestrictsprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsfromcarryingmobilephonestoschool.Thepolicyaimstoimprovestudents’focusonstudyandfightaddictiontotheInternetandgames.Accordingtoa2020reportbytheChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter,Chinahad175millionInternetusersundertheageof18.Thisisworrying,aslong-timeuseofsmartphonesharmschildren’seyesight,cervicalvertebraeandeventhebrain,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Somanyschoolshavetakenmeasurestolimitstudents’phoneuseoncampusnow.ZhouDandan,anEnglishteacherinBeijingsaid,“Beforethenewregulation,manystudentsplayedgamesduringclass.Moststudentslackself-discipline.Spendingtoomuchtimeonthephonewilldistractthemandpreventthemfromlearning.”AndLiJisen,an18-year-oldstudent,agreedwiththenewpolicy.However,LiuYanping,theprincipal,said,“It’sunwisetotakea‘onesizefitsall’approach.Youcan’tsimplycutstudentsofffromtheInternetinthedigitalera.”AndKathyChen,aparentfromShanghai,allowedherdaughtertotakeherphonetoschool.Chensaidit’smoreimportanttocultivatekids’abilitytoself-manageandformgoodhabitsofphoneusage.Asforme,Ithinkalltheargumentsmentionedabovearereasonable.I’mnotsurewhattosayaboutthispolicy.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutdifferentopinions,pleasesubscribetoourWeChatofficialaccount.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：(共15小题;每小题2.5分，共37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AVolunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringisheretostay!FindyourperfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy(朋友)Sensematchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensureyou’llhavelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You’llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting-therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovideyouwithweeklythemedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.WhatWeCanOfferYouBeforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole,we’llmakesurethatyou’vehadthetrainingyouneedtofeelconfident.Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou’revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,you’llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences(ifrequired),reimbursement(报销)ofpre-agreedexpenses(upto£25).andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson’slife.WhoWeAreLookingforWeneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.We’realsoalwayslookingforvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceofBritishSignLanguage.Youdon’tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabledpeople.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation,pleasecontactthevolunteeringteamatyolunteer@.21.Whatisavirtualbuddysupposedtodo?A.Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.B.Meetthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.C.Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.D.Havevirtualinteractionswithamatchedbuddy.22.Whichofthefollowingwillbeofferedtothevolunteers?A.Freein-personjobtraining. B.Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.C.Reimbursementoftravelexpenses. D.Achancetomeetthefounders.23.Whichofthefollowingisthenecessaryqualificationtobeavirtualbuddy?AMasteringaforeignlanguage. B.Goodknowledgeaboutnursing.C.Beingcommunicativeandhelpful. D.Previousvolunteeringexperience.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是如何成为一个SenseVirtualBuddying的志愿者，并介绍了作为一名志愿者的职责、待遇和资格要求。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy(朋友)部分中的“Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You’llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbegaming,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting—therearesomanypossibilities!(一旦与朋友配对，你就可以通过视频通话、电话、短信、电子邮件或信件远程认识对方。你会安排每周的会议，一起计划有趣的事情。你可以玩游戏，做艺术和手工艺，演奏音乐，种植——有很多的可能性！)”可知，一个虚拟的朋友应当与配对成功的朋友进行虚拟的远程互动，故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据WhatWeCanOfferYou部分中的“Whileyou’revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,you’llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences(ifrequired),reimbursement(报销)ofpre-agreedexpenses(upto£25).andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingarealdifferencetoaperson’slife.(当你志愿与我们作为一个虚拟的朋友，你也会得到一个书面记述的志愿服务和参考（如果需要），报销提前同意的费用（最高25英镑），和良好的机会来发展新技能和了解新的人，同时能真正改变一个人的生活)”可知，一个志愿活动的书面记录将会被提供给志愿者。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据WhoWeAreLookingfor部分中的“Weneedvolunteerswhoaregoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandarepassionateaboutsupportingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestocommunicateandexperiencetheworld.(我们需要那些善于表达他们的想法和感受，并热衷于支持那些患有复杂残疾的残疾人来交流和体验世界的志愿者)”可知，成为虚拟好友的必要条件是志愿者要有良好的沟通能力和乐于助人。故选C项。BHavingspentmorethanadecadeonthedancefloor,ROME—NiccoloFilippi,a23-year-oldItaliandanceperformer,recentlydecidedtoexploreChinesecultureanditstraditionaldanceformsandbelievesthatthisexperiencewillnotonlyboosthiscareer,butalsobroadenhishorizonsbeyondtheworldofdance.HisinterestindiversifyinghisskillsgrewafterhestumbleduponashortvideooftraditionalChinese-styleddanceonYouTube.“Isawitasanartthatcombinestraditionandmodernity,whichwasmostlythereasonwhyIlikedit,”saysFilippi.Eversince,hehasbeencloselyfollowingChinesedanceperformersandwatchingnumerousvideostolearnmoreaboutthetraditionalstylethatheadmires.“Ipreferthetraditionalstylebecauseofitslightmovements.Italsoreflectsmypersonalitywithelegance,”headds.Filippi’schancecamewhenhewasinvitedtoperformforaChineseNewYearcelebrationinthecentralItaliancityofFlorence.Hehassincefullycommittedhimselftotheartform,learningseveralpiecesandputtinghisnewfoundpassionintopractice.“ThebiggestdifferencethatIfound(comparedtootherdisciplines)isthechangeofmoodandemotionalexpressionsamongdances,”saysFilippi,addingthatheneededtoshiftfromthedynamicmovesofhip-hoptothegracefulandfluidmovementsofChinesedance.Despitevariousobstacles,Filippi’seffortshavenotgoneunnoticed.Twoofhisfriendssharedvideosofhisperformancesonsocialmedia,andtheresponsewasoverwhelming.Onevideogarnered500,000views,whiletheotherreceived200,000views.Filippibelievesthatlearningaboutdifferentculturesispriceless,andheseesitasameansofpersonalgrowth.“Iliketothinkofapersonasabook,”hesays.“Embracingdifferenttraditionsandcultures,suchasChinesecultureandmanyothers,islikeaddingnewchapterstomybook,makingitmorediverseandwonderful.”24.WhatisthemainreasonwhyFilippifallsinlovewithtraditionalChinesedance?A.Itspotentialtoboosthiscareer. B.Itsmixoftraditionalandmodernelements.C.Itsgracefulandlightmovements. D.Itstruereflectionofhiselegantpersonality.25.HowdoestheauthorillustratethepopularityofFilippi’svideos?A.Bylistingnumbers. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bysharingastory. D.Bymakingacomparison.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Filippithinkslittleoflearningfromothercultures.B.Peopleprefertowritedowntheirpastexperiences.C.Acceptingvariousculturesboostspersonalgrowth.D.Abookwithchaptersontraditionsismorewonderful.27.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Chinese-styleddancevideosgoviralonsocialmedia.B.AnItalian’sdancejourneytowardsspecializationstarts.C.Filippi’sdesireforChinesecultureextendsbeyonddance.D.AnItaliandancershowspassionforChinese-styleddance.【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员NiccoloFilippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的““Isawitasanartthatcombinestraditionandmodernity,whichwasmostlythereasonwhyIlikedit,”saysFilippi.(Filippi说：“我认为这是一种结合了传统与现代的艺术，这也是我喜欢它的主要原因。”)”可知，Filippi爱上中国传统舞蹈的主要原因是它融合了传统和现代元素。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Twoofhisfriendssharedvideosofhisperformancesonsocialmedia,andtheresponsewasoverwhelming.Onevideogarnered500,000views,whiletheotherreceived200,000views.(他的两个朋友在社交媒体上分享了他的表演视频，反响非常热烈。其中一个视频获得了50万次观看，而另一个则获得了20万次观看)”可推知，作者通过列出数字说明Filippi的视频的受欢迎程度。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Filippibelievesthatlearningaboutdifferentculturesispriceless,andheseesitasameansofpersonalgrowth.(Filippi认为学习不同的文化是无价的，他认为这是个人成长的一种方式)”可推知，从最后一段可以推断出接受不同的文化能促进个人成长。故选C。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Havingspentmorethanadecadeonthedancefloor,ROME—NiccoloFilippi,a23-year-oldItaliandanceperformer,recentlydecidedtoexploreChinesecultureanditstraditionaldanceformsandbelievesthatthisexperiencewillnotonlyboosthiscareer,butalsobroadenhishorizonsbeyondtheworldofdance.(23岁的意大利舞蹈演员NiccoloFilippi在舞池ROME里呆了十多年，最近他决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野)”可知，本文主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员NiccoloFilippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。由此可知，D选项“AnItaliandancershowspassionforChinese-styleddance.(一位意大利舞者对中国风格的舞蹈表现出热情)”能够概括本文主旨。故选D。CMosquitoescarrymalaria(疟疾),whichkillsthousandsofpeopleeachyear.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtomaketheannoyinginsectsintopartnersinthefightagainstthedisease.Foryears,publichealthofficialshavetriedtolimitthediseasebycontrollingmosquitopopulations.“Butthatapproachistemporary,”saysAnthonyJames,aprofessorofbiologyandgeneticsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,“Becausemosquitoesareextremelytoughlittleinsects,andtheirpopulationscanquicklyrebound.”Therefore,Jamesandhiscolleagueswanttotryadifferentapproach:makingmosquitoesthemselvesintomalaria-fightingwarriors,whichisacompletedeparturefromtraditionalwaysofcontrollingmalaria.Tounderstandhowitworks,ithelpstounderstandthelifecycleofmalaria.Themalariapathogen(病原体)isaparasite(寄生虫)thatgrowsinsidehumans.It’spassedviamosquitoesthatmovefrompersontoperson,suckingblood.“Ifwecanmakethemosquitoesdifficultforthepathogenstosurvive,wecanwipeoutthedisease,”hesays.Butmakingmosquitoesuninvitingtomalariaisatoughjob.Tosolvetheproblem,theteamusedagene-editingtechniquecalledCRISPR.Theystartedwithgenesfrommice,whoseimmunesystemsdofighthumanmalaria,engineeredthosegenes,andthengavethemtothemosquitoes.Itturnedoutthemalaria-fightingantibodieswhichgene-editedmosquitoesproducedworkedverywell.Theyreducedthenumberofparasitesinthemosquitobeforetheywerepassedtoahumanhost.James’teamarenowworkingonplanningafieldtrial,whichhehopescouldbeconductedonanislandorinanotherisolatedlocation.Butgeneticallychangingwildanimalsdoesnotsitwellwithenvironmentalists.“There’snoneedtoengineeramosquito,”saysDanaPerls,seniorprogrammanagerfortheemergingtechnologyprogramatthenon-profitFriendsoftheEarth.Perlspointsoutthatnaturallyoccurringmethodsforreducingmalariaappeartobeshowingpromise,asdoesanewvaccine(疫苗)againstthedisease.“Whytakeunnecessaryrisksandreleaseaspeciesthatcan’tberecalledonceit’sreleasedintothewild?”sheasks.28.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.Mosquitoesreproducequickly.B.Mosquitoesdepartfrommalaria.C.Mosquitoesaremalaria-fightingwarriors.D.Mosquitoes’populationsareundercontrol.29.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingareattractivetothemalariapathogen?A.Mice. B.Parasites. C.Mosquitoes. D.Gene-editedmosquitoes.30.Whatisenvironmentalists’attitudetowardthisnewapproach?A.Tolerant. B.Favorable. C.Objective. D.Disapproving.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LimitingMalariabyControllingMosquitoPopulationsB.ControllingMalariabyeditingMosquitoes’genesC.CuringMalariawithGene-editedMosquitoesD.PreventingMalariawithanewvaccine【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍科学家想通过编辑蚊子的基因来控制疟疾，但环保人士反对这一做法。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Becausemosquitoesareextremelytoughlittleinsects,andtheirpopulationscanquicklyrebound.(因为蚊子是非常顽强的小昆虫，它们的数量可以迅速回升)”可知，蚊子的繁殖速度很快。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Themalariapathogen(病原体)isaparasite(寄生虫)thatgrowsinsidehumans.It’spassedviamosquitoesthatmovefrompersontoperson,suckingblood.(疟疾病原体是一种生长在人体内的寄生虫。它通过蚊子在人与人之间传播，吸血)”以及“Ifwecanmakethemosquitoesdifficultforthepathogenstosurvive,wecanwipeoutthedisease(如果我们能让蚊子难以让病原体存活，我们就能消灭这种疾病)”可知，蚊子能吸引疟疾病原体。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butgeneticallychangingwildanimalsdoesnotsitwellwithenvironmentalists.(但是，改变野生动物的基因并不受环保人士的欢迎)”和“Whytakeunnecessaryrisksandreleaseaspeciesthatcan’tberecalledonceit’sreleasedintothewild?(为什么要冒不必要的风险，释放一个一旦被释放到野外就无法召回的物种?)”推知，环保人士对改变蚊子基因来消灭疟疾的方法是反对的。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段“Therefore,Jamesandhiscolleagueswanttotryadifferentapproach:makingmosquitoesthemselvesintomalaria-fightingwarriors,whichisacompletedeparturefromtraditionalwaysofcontrollingmalaria.(因此，詹姆斯和他的同事们想尝试一种不同的方法：让蚊子自己成为抗击疟疾的战士，这与控制疟疾的传统方法完全不同)”和倒数第三段“Itturnedoutthemalaria-fightingantibodieswhichgene-editedmosquitoesproducedworkedverywell.Theyreducedthenumberofparasitesinthemosquitobeforetheywerepassedtoahumanhost.(事实证明，经过基因编辑的蚊子产生的抗疟疾抗体效果非常好。它们减少了蚊子体内寄生虫的数量，然后将它们传给人类宿主)”可知，本文主要介绍科学家想通过编辑蚊子的基因来控制疟疾。故B项“ControllingMalariabyeditingMosquitoes’genes(通过编辑蚊子基因控制疟疾)”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。DOnedayItypedintoChatGPTallaboutmyupsetfeelingsanditinstantlyresponded,offeringalistofpracticaladvice.NowadaysmillionsofpeoplearealreadyturningtoChatGPTandspecialisttherapy(治疗)chatbotsforconvenientandinexpensivementalhealthsupport.Someexpertssaythisisaboon.Afterall,AI,undisturbedbyembarrassmentandburnout,mightbeabletoexpressempathy(同理心)moreopenlyandtirelesslythanhumans.Butothersworryabouttheconsequencesofpeopleseekingemotionalsupportfrommachinesthatcanonlypretendtocare.Someevenwonderiftheriseofso-calledempatheticAImightchangethewayweinteractwithoneanother.Indeed,empathyisoneofourspecies’definingqualities,developingasitdidinpacewithsocialinteraction.Onerecentanalysisaboutempathylookedat52studiespublishedbetween1980and2019,whichshowsthattheempathisermustfirstbeabletorecognizehowtheotherpersonisfeeling.Theymustalsobeaffectedbythoseemotionsanddifferentiatebetweenthemselvesandtheotherperson,graspingthattheotherperson’sfeelingsaren’ttheirownwhilestillbeingabletoimaginetheirexperience.Onthefirstpoint,inrecentyears,AI-poweredchatbotshavemadeprogressintheirabilitytoreadhumanemotions,mostpoweredbylargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatworkbypredictingwhichwordsaremostlikelytoappeartogetherbasedontrainingdata.Inthisway,LLMslikeChatGPTcanseeminglyidentifyourfeelingsandrespondappropriatelymostofthetime.Butwhenitcomestotheothercriteria,AIstillmissesthemarkinmanyways.Empathyisinterpersonal,withcontinuedfeedbackhelpingtoperfecttheempathiser’sresponse,whichalsorequiressomedegreeofintuitive(直觉的)awarenessofanindividualandtheirsituation.AllofthishelpstoexplainconversationsliketheonesIhadwithChatGPT.Attheendoftheday,despitetalkingtomultiplechatbotsonline,IdidwhatIknewIhadtodoallalong:Ipickedupmyphoneandcalledafriend.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boon”inparagraph2mean?A.Trap. B.Prize. C.Blessing. D.Challenge.33.Whatdoestherecentanalysisshowaboutempathy?A.Itcallsforclearcommunication. B.Itstartswithemotionidentification.C.Itrulesoutindividualdifference. D.Itdependsonrichimagination.34.WhatcanAIdoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Providedata-drivenfeedback. B.Recognizeone’srealdesire.C.Updatelargelanguagemodels. D.Predictone’sbehaviorbyintuition.35.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofChatGPT?A.Itsdevelopmentshouldbespedup.B.Itsintelligenceiswinningmorefavor.C.Itsapplicationshouldbestrictlymanaged.D.Itsartificialkindnessisnomatchforhumans’.【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI聊天机器人在提供心理支持方面的利弊，以及与人类真正同理心的差距。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Afterall,AI,undisturbedbyembarrassmentandburnout,mightbeabletoexpressempathy(同理心)moreopenlyandtirelesslythanhumans.(毕竟，人工智能不受尴尬和倦怠的影响，可能比人类更公开、更不知疲倦地表达同理心)”可知，这里提到人工智能因为不受尴尬和疲惫的影响，可能在表达同理心上比人类更开放、不知疲倦，因此对于某些专家来说，这是人工智能在心理健康支持方面的优势，是一种好事。所以boon在这里意为“好事，益处”。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Onerecentanalysisaboutempathylookedat52studiespublishedbetween1980and2019,whichshowsthattheempathisermustfirstbeabletorecognizehowtheotherpersonisfeeling.(最近一项关于移情的分析对1980年至2019年间发表的52项研究进行了研究，结果表明，移情者必须首先能够识别对方的感受)”可知，关于同理心的最近分析表明，同理心的首要条件是能够识别另一个人的感受。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Onthefirstpoint,inrecentyears,Al-poweredchatbotshavemadeprogressintheirabilitytoreadhumanemotions,mostpoweredbylargelanguagemodels(LLMs)thatworkbypredictingwhichwordsaremostlikelytoappeartogetherbasedontrainingdata.

Inthisway,LLMslikeChatGPTcanseeminglyidentifyourfeelingsandrespondappropriatelymostofthetime.(关于第一点，近年来，Al驱动的聊天机器人在读取人类情绪的能力方面取得了进展，最有力的是大型语言模型（LLM），该模型通过根据训练数据预测哪些单词最有可能出现在一起。这样，像ChatGPT这样的LLM似乎可以识别我们的感受，并在大多数时候做出适当的反应)”可知，人工智能如ChatGPT能够识别我们的情感并做出适当的反应，这是基于大量语言模型对数据的预测能力，即能够提供数据驱动的反馈。故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Butwhenitcomestotheothercriteria,AIstillmissesthemarkinmanyways.Empathyisinterpersonal,withcontinuedfeedbackhelpingtoperfecttheempathiser’sresponse,whichalsorequiressomedegreeofintuitive(直觉的)awarenessofanindividualandtheirsituation.(但当谈到其他标准时，人工智能在许多方面仍然没有达到目标。移情是一种人际关系，持续的反馈有助于完善移情者的反应，这也需要对个人及其处境有一定程度的直觉意识)”以及最后一段的“Attheendoftheday,despitetalkingtomultiplechatbotsonline,IdidwhatIknewIhadtodoallalong:Ipickedupmyphoneandcalledafriend.(一天结束时，尽管我在网上与多个聊天机器人交谈，但我还是做了我一直知道必须做的事：拿起手机给一个朋友打了电话)”可知，作者在与多个聊天机器人交谈后，最终还是选择给朋友打电话寻求情感支持。这表明，虽然ChatGPT能提供一定的帮助，但在作者看来，它的人工善意仍然不能与真实的人类情感交流相比。由此可推知，作者认为它的人工善意无法与人类的相比。故选D。第二节：(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Holidaysabroadareeasierthaneverthankstosmartphones.Withtheautumnweatherfastapproaching,it’stheperfecttimeofyeartojetoffandgetawayfromhustlesandbustles.____36____Herearesometoptipstomakesureyou’renotcaughtoutonyourbreakabroad.TreatyourselftoapowerbankThebatteriesinsideourphonesaretypicallydesignedtolastforaroundadayofmoderateusage.____37____Soyou’regoingtowantsomeextrasupportsoyoudon’tendupgoingAWOL(absentwithoutleave)whenyourphonedies.That’swhyIrecommendpickingupaUSBpowerbank,whichwillgiveyoualittlebitofextrajuicetokeepyouconnectedtotherestoftheworld.EnableDataroaming(漫游)____38____Thegoodnewsisthatitiseasierthanevertostayconnectedtothenetwhenabroad.Makesureyoucheckwithyournetworkproviderwhatyourroamingplanis.InmanycountriesitisstraightforwardtobuyaSIMcardforalocalnetwork,withamuchmoregenerousdataallowance.____39____Ifyou’vegotanewerphone,itwillprobablysupport“eSIM”—whereyoucansimplyuseanapplikeHolaflyorAiralowhileconnectedtowifitosetyourselfuponanewnetworktemporarily.DownloadofflineapplicationsoftwareAndfinally,youneedtogetyourappsinorder.Onceyoureachyourdestinationyou’llneedamappingapp,andmaybeevenatranslationapp—AppleandGooglemaketheirownversionofboth.Andmoderntranslationappsareparticularlyexciting.____40____Thenyougetacleartranslation.Makesurethatallofthecriticaldataisdownloa