专题复习：构词法 课件高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

构词法巧拓词1shapev.

2uncover3limitless4mirror(v.)

5Soon-to-befourthgrader6note(v.)7devalue

8preschool

9theabilitytoreason(v.)10underestimate11ongoing

12pioneer(v.)atechnique13Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfor2days14Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirement15Researchofthiskindisground-breaking.16Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproduct塑造，塑形揭开，揭发无限的反映，反射即将成为四年级的学生指出，注意，记录，贬值学龄前推断的能力低估持续的开创，开发培植，培养

调音，调试，调整开创性的，突破性的

革命性，使革命2023全国卷1阅读词汇序号课标词试题用词1minimumminimalism/minimalist2detaildetailed3exploreexploration4philosophyphilosophy/philosophical5examimeexamination6tolerateintolerable7optionoptional8participateparticipants9sustainsustainable10necessarynescessity11mindmindless12tooltoolbox13lifelifestyle序号课标词试题用词1statisticstatistician2capitalcapitalize3estimateoverestimate/underestimate/estimation4technologytechnical5accurateaccuracy6significantsignificantly7dominatedominant8shareshared9argueargument10reducereduction11limitlimitations12implyimplications目录综述合成法派生法1234转换法Contents综述11转换法1.名词转换成动词2.动词转化成名词3.形容词转换成动词4.形容词转换成名词和副词

2合成法1.合成名词2.合成形容词3.合成动词、代词和副词3派生法后缀法1.构成名词的常用后缀2.构成形容词的常用后缀3.构成副词的常用后缀4.构成动词的常用后缀前缀法1.表示否定和相反意义的前缀2.表示其他意思的前缀转换法2概念剖析1

转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种词性。

同一个单词不同词性所表达的意思名词转换成动词2(1)Mylefthand

brushedthewallandfoundthedoor.我的左手顺着墙摸过去就找到了门。（handn.）Handinyourpapersplease.请把你们的试卷交上来。(handv.)名词转换成动词2(2)Thesickchildrenarewelltakencareofbythedoctorsandnurses.这些生病的孩子得到了医护人员的精心照料。(nursen.)Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth（nursev.）

她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。名词转换成动词2（3）Theybeginbreakfastatseven.他们7点钟开始吃早饭。（breakfastn.）Webreakfastedtogether.(breakfastv.)我们在一起吃了早餐。Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewood-likeplantmaterialsinalab.（2024深圳一模）Keilshowsthatwecansupportchildren'songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouragingquestion-asking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.（2024深圳一模）pioneern.先锋v.

开创，reasonn.原因v.推理，思考，Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.

（2024深圳一模）Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays.

（2024深圳一模）tune语音，语调调音，调试，调整culturen.文化

培植，培养动词转换成名词2shapen.形状，外形China'sfoodculture____________(shape)inancienttimeandwithseveralthousandyearsofefforts,Chinesecuisinehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.v.使成为…形状（或样子）；塑造wasshaped名词转换成动词1）Addtionally,fromtimetotime,Iwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.（2022年1卷A篇）graden.年级，等级，级别v.

给作业或任务评定“等级”，评分2）Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHocketnotedthatspeechsoundcalledlabiodentalssuchas“f”and“V”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods（2022年1卷D篇）noten.笔记通过“记录”以引起关注v.

指出，特别提到名词转换成动词3）Whatdoesthefollowing-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?B)Howtheytrackmovingobjects.（2022年全国甲卷B)trackn.足迹，踪迹v.跟踪，追踪沿着“足迹”走4）AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.(2022年全国甲卷D)pioltn.飞行员“领航”船v.“领航”船5）WhichtaskcanD)Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes(2022年全国甲卷B)groupn.群，小组v.把...分类/分组6）

Avisually-challengedmaanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked40daystoXi'an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroutebyfoot.(2022全国甲卷语法填空）

tojourneyjourneyn.旅行

v.旅行7）Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainwouldbeabletoreactintime(2022全国乙卷C）.8）Thegalleryhouses2000worksofmodernart.signaln.信号

v.发信号，示意v.是（某物）的贮藏处，提供住所housen.房子

ItisestimatedthattheNationalLibraryofChina_____morethan3millionancientChinesebooks.AdonatesBtradesCdigsDhouses(《步步高》大一轮组合练p407)9)Shepennedafewwordsofthanks.penn.笔

v.写Anothersuccesssoonfollowed,andthenapoemI50aboutsummergivingwaytofallwonanationalaward.50.A.appreciatedB.discovered

C.pennedD.establishedC2024顺德二模完形填空10)Whenthefamousstarcamein,allpeopleeyedher.11)Manyofhisfriendsbackedhisplan.12)Thedogwasguardingitsowner'sluggage.

13)Theseorangeswereboxedandsentoffquickly.14)Theofficewasfloodedwithapplicationsforthejob.15）Youcannotdatethecarvinganditisdifficulttodatethestone.16）Theletterisdated2July1993.17)Thewinnerwastimedat20.4seconds.支持他的计划。注视着她。守护着主人的行李这些橘子被装箱蜂拥而至确定…的日期(或年代)计时；测定…所需的时间在（信件、支票等）上注明日期名词转换成动词

namen.姓名titlen.标题listn.清单tourn.旅行，观光partn.部分backhisplann.背，date

befloodedwithAplanformedchairthemeetingTheplanelandedsafelypicturefuturelifeorderataxi

v.命名v.给,,加标题v.列出清单v.旅行，周游v.分离，分开v.支持v.确定日期，在..标注日期v.蜂拥而至，淹没v.形成v.主持会议v.着陆v.描绘，想象v.订购，订货，

动词转换成名词3（1）HelookedasidewhenIspoketohim.我对他讲话，他却朝一边看。（lookv.）Let＇shavealookfirst.我们先看一下吧。（lookn.）动词转换成名词3try（v.尝试→n.尝试）

read(v.阅读→n.阅读)swim（v.游泳→n.游泳）sigh（v.叹气→n.叹气）cry

(v.哭→n.哭)shout（v.呼喊→n.呼喊）kiss

(v.吻→n吻)

guess(v.猜测→n猜测)动词转换成名词3（1）Ittastessweet.v.品尝2)Thecolourandstyleisamatterofpersonaltaste.

n.品尝，品味，鉴赏力Hisjawwasbrokenafterhewashitonthehead.

Giveitagoodhit.v.(击）打用力打它一下。Thesongbecameamassivehitin1945.hitn.成功而轰动（或风行）一时的事物（如唱片、电影或戏剧）这些政策使公共卫生得到极大改进。Ipickedupafewgoodbargainsinthesale.bargainv.讨价还价n.便宜货，减价品I'vegainedweightrecently.Thesepolicieshaveresultedingreatgainsinpublichealth.gainv.获得;增加;

n.(尤指财富、重量的)增值，增加这些政策使公共卫生得到极大改进。weightgain//effiencygain体重增加//效率增加42. A.plan B.pull C.request D.pressureThemagneticpullofthemoderncitywashardtoresist.Myfamilyalwayshadaspecial42forme.Ourparentsencouragedustospendtimetogether:mealswereeatenasafamilyandTVviewingwasshared.42. A.plan B.pull C.request D.pressure2023年佛山一模试题pullv.拉n.吸引力，诱惑力BpullShegavehimagentlepush.她轻轻地推了他一下。

pushv.推

Hewantstoopenhisownbusiness,butneedsapushintherightdirectiontogethimstarted.

-n.推;激励;Thecarwon'tstart.Canyougiveitapush?他想创业，但还需要适当的鼓励助他起步。我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。WevisitedtheruinsofaNormancastle.Theoldmillisnowlittlemorethanaruin.ruinv.毁坏；破坏；

Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.毁坏老磨坊现在只剩下一点残垣断壁了我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹残垣断壁；废墟形容转换成动词4Heisabettermanthanhisfather.他为人比他父亲好。（betteradj.）Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。（betterv.）形容转换成动词4Iemptiedoutmypocketsbutcouldnotfindmykeys.empty

adj.空的v.清空，倒空TheyhopedthenewpolicywouldfurtherthecauseofculturalcooperationinEurope.furtheradj.更远的，更进一步的v.促进Theirtalkswereaimedatsmoothingthepathtowardsthecooperationbetweenthetwocountires.smoothadj.平整的；平坦的；平滑的；v.使平整；使平坦；使平滑；使光滑Thegapbetweenthetwoteamshasnarrowedtothreepoints.narrowadj.狭窄的；窄小的v.使窄小；变窄；缩小Couldyouspareoneofyourstafftohelpusout?spareadj.多余的v.抽出，腾出

形容转换成动词4better（a.更好的→v.（使）改善）calm（a.安静的→v.使安静）cool（a.凉快的→v.（使）冷却）spare（a.空闲的→v.抽出，腾出）own（a.自己的→v.拥有）slow（a.慢的→v.（使）减慢） 形容词转换成名词和副词5（1）Shehaslongblackhair.她有一头乌黑的长发。(blackadj.)Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautiful.那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。（blackn.）形容词转换成名词和副词5（2）Hecamefromarichfamily.他出身于富裕家庭。(richadj.)Wedon'tbelongtotherich,butwedong'tbelongtothepooreither.我们不是有钱人，但我们也不是穷人。(therichn.)the+形容词

表示“一类人”:therich//thepoor/theold/theyoung/theinjured//thedead形容词转换成名词和副词5cold（a.冷的→n.感冒） back（a.后面的→n.背部）quiet(a.安静的→n.恬静)calm(a.平静的→n安静)deep（a.深的→ad.深地） wide（a.宽的→ad.广泛地）hard（a.困难的→ad.努力地）well（a.健康的→ad.很好地）形容词转换成副词5①deepadj.//adv.deeply②highadj.//adv.highly③closeadj.//adv.closely④wideadj.//adv.--widely①dig_____beimpressed______②flyso_____think__________ofsb.③sit______tomebe___________connectedwith④openhiseyes______

Theconceptis_______accepteddeepdeeplyhighhighlyclosecloselywidewidely具体的深度、高度、距离、宽度抽象概念：深深地，高度地，紧密地，广泛地合成法3概念剖析1

由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。合成名词2合成词构成例子合成名词n.+n.bedroom,sportsman,lifeboat,spaceship,network,weekdayn.+v.-inghandwriting,sightseeing,sunbathing,weightliftingadj.+n.hardware,first-aid,midnight,nobleman,highway,blackboardv.-ing+n.living-room,writing-paper,swimming-pool,hiding-placev.+n.breakfast,crybaby,watchdog,pickpocket,birthcontroln.+v.+-erbook-seller,film-maker,story-teller,peace-lover,housekeeperprep./adv.+n.underground,upside,overcoat,afternoon,income,byproduct其他newcomer,fisherman,editor-in-chief,sister-in-law,take-off合成名词2（1）名词＋名词

newspaper，bedroom（卧室）

silkwormair-conditioner（2）名词＋动名词

sunbathing（日光浴）sightseeing(观光)（3）形容词＋名词hotline（热线）gentleman（绅士）4）动名词＋名词waitingroom候车室（5）动词＋名词postoffice（邮局）

pickpocket

蚕

glasshouse

玻璃暖房、温室（扒手）空调

合成名词2（6）动词＋副词get-together（联欢会）

breakthrough（突破）take-off（起飞）lookout（岗哨，守望）break-up分裂，破裂breakdown奔溃合成名词2（7）副词＋动词downfall

overthrowoutbreak

outcome

垮台,倒下

爆发推翻

后果合成形容词3合成词构成例子合成形容词adj.+n.-edmiddle-aged,cold-blooded,warm-hearted,red-hairedn.+p.p.man-made,snow-covered,heart-broken,deep-seatedn.+a.world-famous,self-confident,ice-cold,watertight,seasickadj.+n.full-time,high-speed,second-hand,first-class,frontn./adj./adv.+v.-ingpeace-loving,good-looking,far-reaching,hard-workingadj./adv.+p.p.*well-known,low-paid,well-educated,quick-frozen,dry-cleaned合成形容词3（1）数词＋名词afive-yearplan五年计划second-handgoods二手货afour-word四字成语first-class

seataone-way

street

头等座单行道合成形容词3（2）数词＋名词＋edathree-leggedbenchaone-eyedcamel

三条腿的椅子一只眼的骆驼合成形容词3（3）数词＋名词＋形容词

一个两岁的女孩

一条1000米长的街道

atwo-year-oldgirl

a1,000-metre-longstreet

动听的合成形容词3（4）名词//形容词//副词＋现在分词peace-loving热爱和平的meat-eating食肉的grass-eating食草的English-speaking说英语的history-making创造历史的fine-soundingeasy-goingfar-reachingever-lastingamind-expandingsubjectaduty-freeshopasmoke-freeareaongingeffort

开拓思维的课程动听的容易相处的深远的永恒的免税店无烟区不间断的努力合成形容词3（5）名词//形容词//副词＋过去分词heart-broken伤心的man-made人造的kind-hearted和善的blue-eyed蓝眼睛的well-educated受过良好教育的

1astate-owned

factory

2absent-minded3narrow-minded4broad-minded5quick-minded6noble-minded7good-tempered8one-sided9cool-headed10hot-headed11long-tailed12bare-footed13thick-skinned14ahalf-closedwindow15awell-fedboy

国有的工厂心不在焉的心胸狭隘的心胸开阔的思维敏捷的高尚的脾气好的片面的冷静的头脑发热的长尾巴的光脚的厚脸皮的半开的窗户营养充足的孩子派生法4概念剖析1

由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。前缀法2常见表否定或相反意义的前缀有：un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il-等。前缀例子un-unhappy（不高兴）unlock（开锁）untie,unfoldunwrapdis-dislike（不喜欢）disagree（不同意）im-impossible（不可能的）improper（不合适的）in-informal（非正式的）incorrect（不正确的）ir-

不规则的）

（不相关的）il-illegal（不合法的）illogical（不合理的）irregular

irrelevant前缀法2前缀意义例子re-重新，再次regain

reform（改革）reviewmis-错误的misunderstand（误解）misleadmisuseanti-反、防anti-Japanesewaranti-aging

ex-之前的ex-presidentex-wifepre-预先,..之前preview

preschoolprewarpredictprehistorypreheat再次获得（误导）

(抗日战争）抗衰，抗老化

前总统

(前妻)（误用）（预习）(预言、预测)学龄前的战前的史前的预热复习，回顾，评论前缀法2前缀意义例子post-之后的post-war

postgraduatefore-之前的forecast（预报）foresee（预见）super-超级；上层supermarket（超市）superman（超人）sub-下面的；亚、次subway（地下铁道）subtitleinter-之间的，互相interact（相互作用）international（国际的）（战后的）（研究生）（副标题）前缀法前缀意义例子out-胜过，超过outliveoutrunoutweighoutperformover-

过于，过度

overconfidentoverjoyedoverestimateoverproductionunder-underestimateundersizedmicro

microsoftmicroelementco-cooperationcoactionco-existence比...长寿跑过,比..快比...更重比...做的更好，胜过过度自信的非常开心的高估生产过剩不足，少低估尺寸不够大的微微量元素共同共同行动共同存在前缀意义例子trans-跨越；移transport（运输）transplant

tranformsemi-

半semi-final

semiconductor

vice-副vice-presidentvice-chairman

multi-多multimediamulticolormulticulturalmultinationalauto-自动，自主automatic自动的auto-focusde-反向，向下degradedecodedevalue移植转变，改变半决赛半导体副总统副主席多媒体多种颜色多种文化的多国的自动对焦降级破译密码贬值mid-表示“中，中间”，如：词根night 夜晚summer 夏天day 白天field 战场，领域point 点mid-midnightmidsummermidday midfieldmidpoint午夜，深夜仲夏中午，正午中场正中央，中点后缀法3表人或物的名词的常用后缀有：-er,-or