翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题3

翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题3EnglishChineseTranslationManyschoolsarguethatthe"sticker"pricesshowintheU.S.（江南博哥）Newsindexaremisleading.Sincemoststudents,notjustthosewhomightbedescribedastruly"needy",usuallyareeligibleforsomeformoffinancialaid.

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Infact,tuitiondiscountinghasbecomesowidespreadthatonmanycampuseswhatbeganasasubsidyfortheminorityhasturnedintoanentitlementforthemajority.Someschoolsactuallyencouragestudentstobargainforlargeraidpackagesbyimplicitly—orexplicitly-promising"tomeetthecompetition".

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Naturally,thesomething-for-nothinggenerosityofthisstrangesystemcomesataprice,asincreasesinfinancialaidusuallyhavetobefundedbyraisingalreadyhightuitionhigherstill.

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Unhappily,collegeloanshavebecomeasmuchapartofstudentlifeasFridaynightbeerbusts.Between1990and1995,the$103billioncombinedwiththetotalofundergraduateloansexceededthesumofallthedebtincurredbyallthecollegestudentsduringtheprecedingthreedecades.

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StatisticslikethesetroubleCharlesManning,chancelloroftheWestVirginiaUniversitySystem,whoworriesthathighlevelsofdebtcould"windupnegativelyinfluencingstudents'lifestyles,theirchoicesofcareers,theirwillingnesstogotograduateandprofessionalschoolsandtheirabilitytobuyhomes,carsandotherconsumerproducts."

Ofevengreaterconcernisthatmanyofthesedebtorsmayalsowindup,atleasttemporarily,injobsthatdonotofferwhathavecometobethoughtofascollege-levelsalaries.Thedisturbingtruthisthattherearesimplytoomanycollegegraduatescompetingfortoofewcollege-leveljobs.Inherlateststudy,KristinaJ.Shelley,aBureauofLaborStatisticsspecialistinthepost-college-employmentmarket,estimatesthatatleast22percentofallcollegegraduatesenteringtheworkforcebetween1994and2005wereorwillbeeitherunemployedorinjobsforwhichabachelor'sdegreeisnotordinarilyconsideredanecessity.

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Workingwithsomebigcompaniesisanhonorablefirstjob,butthesalariestheyofferrarelyenablegraduatesbothtorepayastudentloanandtoenjoyalifestyleappropriatewiththeirexpectations.1.

正确答案：事实上，削减学费变得如此之流行，以至于在许多大学里，那些最初属于少数人的补贴已经成为多数人的权利了。

2.

正确答案：很自然，这种奇怪的制度要为它只是给予而不求回报的慷慨行为付出代价，因为经济资助的增加通常不得不靠大幅度地提高本已高昂的学费来提供资金。

3.

正确答案：不幸的是，大学贷款已经像星期五晚上痛饮啤酒一样成为学生生活的一部分。

4.

正确答案：诸如此类的统计资料使西弗吉尼亚大学校长查尔斯·曼宁感到忧虑。他担心，沉重的债务“最终可能对学生的许多方面产生负面影响，如：他们的生活方式，对职业的选择，上研究生院和职业学校的意愿以及购买房屋、汽车和其他消费品的能力”。

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正确答案：在一些大公司工作是体面的第一份工作，但它们所支付的工资不可能使大学毕业生们既能偿还学生贷款又能享受一种与其期望值相称的生活方式。

Wearelearningnewcomputerknowledgeeveryday.Thetechnology,whichhasalreadytransformednewspapering,doesn'tsitstill.Wejournalistshaveceasedallthatgrievingabouthowweweregoingtohangontoourtypewritersandhowthisnewstaffwassimplybarbaric,anaffronttotheveryconceptofthewrittenword.

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That'sgone,aseverythingweknowabouthumanhistoryshouldhavetoldusthatinallthecurrentworriesoverproblemscreatedbythearrivalofthecomputerage,onethingthatshouldbeexemptedfromworryisthecapacityofhumanbeingstoadapttoit.

Ourgrandparents,forinstance,easilytraversedlifetimesthatsawatleastasmuchastonishingchangeaswehave—fromhorse—drawncarriagestojetairtravel,frompre-telephonecommunicationbywrittenlettertocommunicationbycarphone,orfax.

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Justaspeoplearoundtheworldhaveinrecenttimesshownthemselvesremarkablyabletoaccommodatethiskindofrapidchange,soitdidn'teverseemtotroublethem.Theyabsorbedthedevelopingbountywithoutapeepandquicklycametodependonit,eventhoughitcollapsedalltheiraccustomednotionsoftimeanddistance.

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Thehumanmachine,inthisinfiniteabilitytoadjusttoradicallychangedenvironments,seemsconsiderablymorewondrousthantheinventedmachine.

Butitisnottheindividualhumanabilitytoadaptthatistheprobleminthenewage.Rather,theproblemistheabilityofourinstitutionsandeconomicsandsocietiestodoso.

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Nomatterhowupbeatoneisaboutalltheblessingsthatflowtothiscountryfromthenewtechnologyintermsofteaching,medicine,marketing,lawenforcementandtherest,itisnecessarytoacknowledgethattheblessingismixed.Youcanacceptthatinthelongrunjobswillbecreated,notlost,asaresultoftheinnovation.

Butintheshortrunthereisboundtobeeconomicdisplacementandloss.

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Youcanalsobelievethatourlegalsystemscanintimewithstandthechallengeallthispresentsandstillacknowledgethatatleastforthemomentiudicialproblemshavebeencreatedbyitintherealmsofprivacy,competition,propertyfightsandmanyothers.Thequestionisnotwhetherweadjusttotheelectronicmiraclesallaroundus,butwhether,asasociety,wedoitenthusiasticallyandwell.6.

正确答案：悲伤已经成为过去，因为我们所了解的人类历史都表明，在目前人们对计算机时代的到来所引起的问题的忧虑中，有一个问题不应引起忧虑，那就是人类的适应能力。

7.

正确答案：近年来，面对这种日新月异的变化，世界各地的人们表现出非凡的适应能力，变化好像从来没有使他们感到过不适应。

8.

正确答案：人类自身的这部机器，对剧烈变化的环境具有无限的适应能力，在这个方面，它比发明出来的机器要奇妙得多。

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正确答案：不管人们对新技术在教学、医疗、商品销售、执法及其他方面为国家带来的好处多么乐观，必须承认，新技术令人喜忧参半。

10.

正确答案：你也可以相信，我们的法律制度最终会经受一切挑战，但同时仍要承认，至少目前新技术在隐私权、竞争、产权及许多其他领域已经带来了司法问题。

Manmaybecalledtheanimalwithlanguage.Onlybylanguagecanmancreateandcarrywithhimthebodyofconcepts,attitudesandskillsthatconstitutecivilization.

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Onlybylanguagecanhehaveaclearnotionofhimselfasanindividual:"Ithink,thereforeIam"andforgethebondsofasociety—asocietyasdistinguishedfromsomesortofinstinctualherd.

Ordinarilyandsuperficially,weregardlanguageasmerelyaconvenientdeviceforcommunicatingpreexistingideasorattitudes.Itisindeedhardtooverestimatethevalueoflanguageincommunicationbutitisevenhardertooverestimateitinthinking.

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Howoftenhavewefeltthatweknewourownmindsonsomething,orknewallaboutsomething,onlytofind,whenwestartedtoputwhatweknewintowords,thatwedidn'tknowourownmindsatall.Whenweframeeventhesimplestsentence,weareforcedtoestablishasetofmeaningfulrelations.Thatis,weareforcedtothinkmoreclearly.Writingthingsoutisonlyamorerigorouswayoftryingtounderstandasubjectandunderstandoneselfinrelationtothatsubject.

Wenotonlythinkthingsout,wefeelthingsout,too.Andlanguageisfundamentaltothis"feelingout".

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Ahumanbeingisn'tmerelyamachineforlogicalthought.Aconsiderablepartofouruseoflanguageinvolvesourinstinctiveattempttoclarifyourfeelings.Ithelpsustounderstandfeelingsaswellasideas,andthusintheend,helpsustounderstandourselves.

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Ifyouarebeginningyourcollegecareer,muchofyourinstructionwillbeinlanguage.Andwillberequiredtorespondinlanguage.Aftercollege,inmostoccupations,languagewillbecomemore,notless,important.Therearelettersandreportstobewritten,conferencestobeheld,policiestobedrawnupanddebatedandmanyotherformsofcommunicationthatrequireskillinlanguage.

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Ifamanlackscompetenceinlanguage,hewillspendmuchofhislifeexploringinakindoftwilightworldinwhichideasandfeelingsareperceivedonlydimlyandoftenindistortedshapes.11.

正确答案：只有借助语言，人类才能够对于作为个体的自身有清晰的认识：“我思故我在”，也才能够形成一个社会——一个不同于靠本能生存的兽群的社会。

12.

正确答案：我们常常有这种感觉，本以为知道自己对某件事情的想法，或完全了解某件事情，但是，当我们开始要把所了解的内容用语言表达出来时，却发现我们根本不清楚自己的想法。

13.

正确答案：人不仅仅是逻辑思维的机器。我们运用语言很大程度上在于我们本能地想要把我们的感情表达清楚。

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正确答案：如果你即将开始大学生活，大部分课程都将通过语言来讲授，而且要求你运用语言作出反应。大学毕业之后，在大多数工作中，语言将会更重要，而不是不重要。

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正确答案：一个人如果缺乏语言能力，那么，他一生的大部分时间将在思想和感情表达模糊、而且经常被曲解的朦胧世界中摸索。

Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofmisunderstandingsbetweenthem.

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Theyhavealwayscomplainedthattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrisis.

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Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsofadeintheirmemoryhowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.

Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.

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Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenacceptedsotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatestheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.

Sometimestheyareresistantandproudbecausetheydonotwanttheirparentstoapproveofwhattheydo.Iftheirparentsdidapprove,itlooksasiftheyarebetrayingtheirownagegroup.Butinthatcase,theyareassumingthattheyaretheunderdog:youcan'twinbutatleastyoucankeepyourhonor.Thisisapassivewayoflookingatthings.

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Itisnaturalenoughafterlongyearsofchildhood,whentheywerecompletelyundertheirparents'domination.Butitignoresthefactthattheyarenowbeginningtoberesponsibleforthemselves.

Myadvicetoyoungpeopleisasfollows:ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,cooperationcanbepanofthatplan.

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Youcancharmothers,especiallyyourparents,intodoingthingsthewayyouwant.Youcanimpressotherswithyoursenseofresponsibilityandinitiative,sothattheywillgiveyoutheauthoritytodowhatyouwanttodo.16.

正确答案：年轻人总是抱怨，他们的父母与现代生活方式脱节，有占有欲和支配欲，不相信子女应付危机的能力。

17.

正确答案：普遍认为，做父母的常常低估他们处于青少年时期的孩子，而且还忘记了自己年轻时的感受。

18.

正确答案：他们觉得被成年人世界排除在外，尚未被大人们所接受，于是就创造了属于他们自己的文化和社会。

19.

正确答案：在长时间完全受父母控制的童年时代结束之后，产生这种态度非常自然。但是，这种态度忽略了这样一个事实：此时他们要开始对自己负起责任。

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正确答案：你可以让他人，尤其是你的父母，高高兴兴地按你希望的方式行事。你可以用你的责任感和进取心打动他人，那样他们才会准许你做你想做的事。

Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.

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Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships.Technolggyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforimplementingthefindingsofscience.

Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.

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Scientists,whoseektocomprehendtheuniverseandknowthetruthwiththehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople'slikesordislikes,ortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople—asdidDarwin'stheoryofe