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翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟12Section1:VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfo(江南博哥)reachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET1.

Inthepast10years,thecompanyhasgradually______allofitssmallerrivals.A.engagedB.occupiedC.monopolizedD.absorbed正确答案:D[解析]A“engage”意为“被占用”;B“occupy”意为“占领”;C“monopvy”意为“垄断”;D“absorb”意为“吞并”。因此,D为正确答案。

2.

A______translationisnotalwaystheclosesttotheoriginalmeaning.A.liberalB.literalC.literaryD.literate正确答案:B[解析]本题空格处是说逐词逐句直译。B项的“literal文字的,字面的”符合题意。其他三项“liberal慷慨的,不拘泥的;literary文学上的,从事写作的;literate有文化的”都不正确。

3.

She______herselfbitterlyforherbehaviorthatevening.A.blamedB.accusedC.reproachedD.scolded正确答案:C[解析]本题空格处是说痛苦地自责。C项的“reproach责备”符合题意。如:Hismotherreproachedhimforhisbadmanners.(他的母亲责备他礼貌不周。)其他三项“blame找……差错,把责任归于……;accuse控告,谴责,非难;scold责骂,严厉地且通常愤怒地责备或批评”都不正确。

4.

Thestudentsareattractedbythe______ofthesnow-coveredmountainswhentheylookoutofthetrain.A.notabilityB.nobilityC.majestyD.visibility正确答案:D[解析]本题中,D项的“visibility可见度,引人注目,易被观察到”符合题意。如:anexecutivewithhighvisibility.(有很大吸引力的总经理)。其他三项“notability著名,值得注意或显赫的状态或性质,显要人物;nobility高贵,崇高;majesty最高权威,王权,雄伟”都不正确。

5.

Theflowersinthevase______becausetheyhadnowater.A.witheredB.wrinkledC.ripenedD.prospered正确答案:A[解析]本题是说花瓶里的花因为没有水而枯萎了。A项的“wither凋谢,枯萎”符合题意。其他三项“wrinkle使皱;ripen成熟;prosper成功,兴盛”都不正确。

6.

She______somesaltonherfoodtomakeittastebetter.A.sprinkledB.sprayedC.scatteredD.dispersed正确答案:A[解析]本题是说她在食物上面撒了些盐,使它的味道更好些。A项的“sprinkle撒……于(某物表面)”符合题意。如:Shesprinkledsugaronthecakes.(她把糖撒在蛋糕上。)其他三项“spray喷射,喷溅;scatter分散,散开;disperse分散,疏散”都不正确。

7.

Thehumofconversation______asthechairmanmountedtherostrum.A.diedoutB.diedoffC.diedofD.diedaway正确答案:D[解析]本题是说当主席登上讲坛,说话的嗡嗡声逐渐消失。D项的“dieaway(声音等)逐渐消失”符合题意。如:Thenoiseofthemotorcardiedaway.(摩托车的噪声消失了。)其他三项“dieout灭绝,消失;dieoff相继死去直至死光;dieof死于”都不正确。

8.

Theoldmanwasremarkably______Hewasamusician,engineer,writerandphilosopher.A.unilateralB.universalC.audaciousD.versatile正确答案:D[解析]本题前半句是说这位老人非常多才多艺。D项的“versatile多才多艺的”符合题意。其他三项“unilateral单边的;universal普遍的;audacious大胆创新的,鲁莽的”都不正确。

9.

Livinginpoverty,Johnsoldfor500dollarsthe______ofhismother'sfirstworkwhichmadeherfamous.A.documentB.fileC.duplicateD.manuscript正确答案:D[解析]本题空格处是说他母亲首部作品的手稿。D项的“manuscript手稿,原稿”符合题意。如:Whenamanuscripthasbeenacceptedforpublication,itispassedtoaneditorfordetailedscrutiny.(当原稿被采用出版时,便将它交与一名编辑进行仔细校阅。)其他三项“document文件,档案,文献;file文件,档案,卷宗;duplicate复制品,副本”都不正确。

10.

Mygrandmotherhasbeenillfortwomonths,soherhealthhas______.A.deterioratedB.diminishedC.dwindledD.lessened正确答案:A[解析]本题是说我的祖母病了两个月了,因此她的健康状况恶化了。A项的“deteriorate恶化”符合题意。其他三项“diminish减少,使变小;dwindle缩小;lessen减少,减轻”都不正确。

11.

Hedidn'tnoticemeinthecrowd;buthespottedmysisterwhowas______becauseofherredhair.A.consciousB.conspicuousC.dimD.conscientious正确答案:B[解析]本题是说他没在人群中发现我,但发现了我姐姐,因为她的红发非常惹人注目。B项的“conspicuous显著的”符合题意。如:Hewasconspicuousforhisbravery.(他因骁勇而出名)。其他三项“consclous有意识的;dim暗淡的,模糊的;conscientious尽责的”都不正确。

12.

Itis______ofyoutoturndowntheradiowhileyoursisterisstillillinbed.A.considerableB.considerateC.concernedD.careful正确答案:B[解析]A“considerable”意为“重大的,很多的”;B“considerate”意为“考虑周到的,体贴的”;C“concerned”表示“担心的”;D“careful”表示“小心的”。只有B项适合,为本题的正确答案。

13.

Althoughtheaccidentdidverylittle______tothecar,Istillsuggestthatyoudrivemorecarefullynexttime.A.demolishmentB.ruinC.destructionD.damage正确答案:D[解析]A“demolishment”意为“损坏”;B“ruin”意为“损毁”;C“destruction”意为“破坏”;D“damage”意为“(可以修复的)损坏”。前三项均有“不可修复”或“很难修复”的意思,只有D正确。

14.

Heofferedto______herahandasthesuitcasewastooheavyforhertocarry.A.helpB.showC.lendD.borrow正确答案:C[解析]“lendherahand”意为“给予帮助,助一臂之力”。C为正确答案。

15.

He______interruptedmebyaskingmanyirrelevantquestions.A.carelesslyB.carefullyC.continuallyD.consequently正确答案:C[解析]A“carelessly”意为“粗心地”;B“carefully”意为“小心地”;C“continually”意为“不停地”;D“consequently”意为“所以,因此”。C为正确答案。

16.

Ifyoudon't______smoking,you'llnevergetbetter.A.giveoffB.giveoutC.giveroverD.giveup正确答案:D[解析]A“giveoff”意为“发出,冒出”;B“giveout”意为“发表,用完”;C“giveover”意为“交托,留出”;D“giveup”意为“放弃,交出”。D为正确答案。

17.

Scientistshavediscoveredaclose______betweensmokingandseveralseriousdiseases.A.actionB.connectionC.unionD.combination正确答案:B[解析]B项意为“联系”的意思,符合上下文的意思。

18.

Despitehisoccasionalfondnessforgambling,heisstillconsideredasagoodboy______.A.asthewholeB.forthewholeC.bythewholeD.onthewhole正确答案:D[解析]D项的“onthewhole”是一个固定的短语,意为“总的看来,大体上”。

19.

We've______sugar.AskMrs.Jonestolendussome.A.runawaywithB.runoutofC.runoffD.rundown正确答案:B[解析]A“runawaywith”意为“与……一起跑掉,不受约束”;B“runoutof”意为“用完;从……奔出”;C“runoff”为“跑掉,迅速写出”;D“rundown”意为“往下跑,健康衰退”。只有B项适合,为本题的正确答案。

20.

Ican't______himfromhisbrother.Theylookverymuchalike.A.keepB.separateC.distinguishD.prevent正确答案:C[解析]C项的distinguish(onefromanother)表示“区分、分清”的意思。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedwordwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Thenewsreportscompletelyoverlookedthemoreprofoundpoliticalimplicationsoftheevents.A.neglectedB.foresawC.exploredD.assessed正确答案:A[解析]题干中的overlook意为“忽视”。A项“忽视”;B项“预见”;C项“勘察”;D项“评定”。只有A项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

2.

Teachersandnurseswhodealwithchildrenareobligedtoreportcasesofsuspectedchildabusetoauthorities.A.remindedB.expectedC.compelledD.requested正确答案:D[解析]题干中的beobliged意为“有义务做某事”。A项“使想起”;B项“预料”;C项“被迫”;D项“有义务”。只有D项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

3.

Yourgradewillbebasedinlargepartontheoriginalityofyourideas.A.creativityB.popularityC.feasibilityD.flexibility正确答案:A[解析]题干中的originality意为“独创性”。A项“创造性”;B项“流行”;C项“可行性”;D项“灵活性”。只有A项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

4.

Wesuspectthereisaquitedeliberateattempttosabotagetheelectionsandunderminetheelectoralcommission.A.consciousB.desperateC.clumsyD.intentional正确答案:D[解析]题干中的deliberate意为“蓄意的”。A项“神志清醒的”;B项“铤而走险的”;C项“笨拙的”;D项“有意的”。只有D项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

5.

SostrangewerethecircumstancesofmystorythatIcanscarcelybelievemyselftohavebeenapartytothem.A.justB.hardlyC.almostD.definitely正确答案:B[解析]题干中的scarcely意为“几乎不”。A项“只是”;B项“几乎不”;C项“差一点”;D项“明确地”。只有B项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

6.

Smokeparticlesandotherairpollutantsareoftentrappedintheatmosphere,thusformingdirtyfog.A.constrainedB.caughtC.concealedD.concentrated正确答案:B[解析]题干中的trap意为“困住”。A项“约束”;B项“抓住”;C项“隐藏”;D项“专心于”。只有B项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

7.

Employeesinchemicalfactoriesareentitledtoreceiveextrapayfordoinghazardouswork.A.poisonousB.difficultC.dangerousD.harmful正确答案:C[解析]题干中的hazardous意为“有危险的”。A项“有毒的”;B项“困难的”;C项“危险的”;D项“有害的”。只有C项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

8.

CurtCarlson,thewealthiestmaninMinnesota,ownedahotelandtravelcompanywithsalesreachingintheneighborhoodof$9billion.A.preciselyB.merelyC.substantiallyD.approximately正确答案:D[解析]题干中的intheneighborhoodof意为“大约”。A项“精确地”;B项“只不过”;C项“本质上”;D项“大约”。只有D项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

9.

Thetendencyofthehumanbodytorejectforeignmatteristhemainobstacletosuccessfulorgantransplantation.A.factorB.constituentC.barrierD.break正确答案:C[解析]题干中的obstacle意为“妨碍”。A项“要素”;B项“成分”;C项“障碍”;D项“裂口”。只有C项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

10.

WheneveryouneedTom,heisalwaystherewhetheritbeanearorahelpinghand,soyoucanalwaysleanonhim.A.countonB.benefitfromC.standforD.stickto正确答案:A[解析]题干中的leanon意为“靠在……上”。A项“依靠”;B项“通过……获益”;C项“为……而奋斗”;D项“遵守,坚持”,只有A项与题干中划线单词意义相近。

11.

Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.A.improvesB.precedesC.exceedsD.imposes正确答案:C[解析]本题的四个选项都是名词。C项的意思是“超越,胜过”,与“surass超越,胜过”的意思相吻合。A项“改善”;B项“在……之前”;D项“征税,强加”都与题干中的词义不符。

12.

Manystudentstodaydisplayadisturbingwillingnesstochooseinstitutionsandcareersonthebasisofearningpotential.A.offensiveB.depressiveC.tiresomeD.troublesome正确答案:D[解析]本题的四个选项都是形容词。D项的意思是“麻烦的”,与“disturbing烦扰的”意思相吻合。A项“讨厌的,无礼的”;B项“郁闷的”;C项“无聊的”都与题干中的词义不符。

13.

Bettywasoffendedbecauseshefeltthatherfriendshadignoredherpurposefullyattheparty.A.desperatelyB.definitelyC.decisivelyD.deliberately正确答案:D[解析]本题的四个选项都是副词。D项的意思是“故意地”,与“purposefully有目的地,蓄意地”意思相吻合。A项“拼命地,失望地”;B项“明确地”;C项“决然地,果断地”都与题干中的词义不符。

14.

Therehasbeenenoughplayingaround,solet'sgetdowntobusiness.A.beginourworkB.makeadealC.reachanagreementD.changeourplan正确答案:A[解析]本题的四个选项都是动词短语。A项的意思是“开始工作”,与“getdowntobusiness着手干正事”意思相吻合。B项“成交;达成协议;做个交易”;C项“达成协议”和D项“改变计划”都与题干中的词义不符。

15.

Howisitpossibleforourhumanbodytoconvertyesterday'slunchintotoday'smuscle?A.alterB.developC.turnD.modify正确答案:C[解析]本题的四个选项都是动词。C项的意思是“使变成”,与“convert使转变”的意思相吻合。A项“改变”;B项“发达,发扬”和D项“更改”都与题干中的词义不符。

16.

Itisimportantforfamiliestoobservetheirtraditionsevenastheirchildrengetolder.A.noticeB.watchC.celebrateD.follow正确答案:D[解析]本题的四个选项都是动词。D项的意思是“遵循”,与“observe遵守”意思相吻合。A项“注意到”;B项“注视,监视”和C项“庆祝,赞美”都与题干中的词义不符。

17.

Itisdifficulttocomprehend,buteverythingyouhaveeverseen,smelt,heardorfeltismerelyyourbrain'sinterpretationofincomingstimuli.A.evaluationB.explanationC.recognitionD.interruption正确答案:B[解析]本题的四个选项都是名词。B项的意思是“解释”,与“interpretation解释”的意思相吻合。A项“估价,评价”;C项“赞誉,承认”和D项“中断,打断”都与题干中的词义不符。

18.

Lifeismoreimportantthanthepressuresandstressesthatweplaceonourselvesoverworkandothercommitments.A.appointmentsB.arrangementsC.devotionsD.obligations正确答案:D[解析]本题的四个选项都是名词。D项的意思是“义务,职责”,与“commitment承担义务”的意思相吻合。A项“约会,指定”;B项“排列,安排”;C项“奉献,信仰”都与题干中的词义不符。

19.

Ifyoucontinuetoindulgeincomputergameslikethis,yourfuturewillbeatstake.A.withoutquestionB.indangerC.onguardD.atlarge正确答案:B[解析]本题的四个选项都是介词短语。B项的意思是“在危险中”,与“atstake危险”的意思相吻合。A项“毫无疑问”;C项“警惕,防范”;D项“详尽地,普遍地;未被捕获的”都与题干中的词义不符。

20.

Romanticnovels,asopposedtorealisticones,tendtopresentidealizedversionsoflife,oftenwithahappyending.A.inregardtoB.incontrasttoC.intermsofD.inlightof正确答案:B[解析]本题的四个选项都是介词短语。B项的意思是“与……相反的”,与“asopposedto完全不同,反对”的意思相吻合。A项“关于,至于”;C项“依据,按照”;D项“按照,根据”都与题干中的词义不符。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrorsThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesanerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

OntheslopeofLong'sPeakinColoradothatliestheruinofagigantictree.A.lyingB.liesC.liedD.lays正确答案:B[解析]本题考查倒装。有时为了强调而将作状语的介词短语放在句首,而将主语放到句末从而形成倒装,这种倒装句中的谓语多为以下不及物动词:come,lie,stand,walk,且为全部倒装的形式。因为此处陈述的是一般事实。所以,答案是B。

2.

Therearemanydifferentwaysofcomparingtheeconomyofonenationwiththoseofanother.A.thatB.thisC.whatD.which正确答案:A[解析]本题考查代词的用法。句意为:有很多方法可以把一国的经济和另一国的经济相比较。That用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。所以,答案是A。

3.

Towakeup,hesatupintheseatandturnedtoseewhowasmakingallthenoise.A.HavingwokenupB.WakingupC.TohavewokenupD.Havingtowakeup正确答案:A[解析]本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:醒来后,他坐在椅子上,并看看是谁在制造噪音。主句用一般过去时态,所以应用完成时态。所以,答案是A。

4.

Thelandladycouldnotputupwithusbecauseallherroomswerereserved.A.putusupwithB.putusupC.putthroughusD.putusthrough正确答案:B[解析]本题考查动词词组辨析。句意为:女房东不能给我们提供住宿,因为她所有的房子已经被预定了。Putsbup“为某人提供住宿”,putusthrough“为某人接通电话”。所以,答案是B。

5.

IwillgohomeforthevacationassoonasIhavefinishedmyexams.A.willfinishB.amfinishingC.amgoingtofinishD.finish正确答案:D[解析]本题考查时态。句意为:一结束考试,我就会回家度假。Assoonas引导时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时态,从句应用一般现在时态。所以,答案是D。

6.

Nowadays,manyself-importantyoungmenviewtheprospectworkingunderwomenashumiliation.A.toworkB.fromworkingC.ofworkingD.atworking正确答案:C[解析]本题考查固定用法。句意为:现在,很多高傲的男士认为比女性低的职业前途是种羞辱。Theprospectof为固定用法,意为“……的前途”。所以,答案是C。

7.

Dumpsewageintooceansandriversisaseriousformofpollution.A.HavingdumpedsewageB.BeingdumpedsewageC.DumpedsewageD.Dumpingsewage正确答案:D[解析]本题考查动名词作主语。句意为:把污水排入海洋和河流是一种严重的污染形式。句中已经有谓语了,所以只能用动名词作主语。所以,答案是D。

8.

GroverClevelandwasthefirstpresidentmarriedintheWhiteHouse.A.gotmarriedB.togetmarriedC.hasgotmarriedD.wasmarried正确答案:B[解析]本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:格罗弗·克利夫兰是第一位在白宫结婚的总统。因为句中已有谓语,故排除A、C、D三项。不定式在此处作定语,修饰president。所以,答案是B。

9.

Ifcauliflowersareexposedfromextremetemperatures,theheadsgetdiscolored.A.areexposingfromB.areexposedtoC.exposefromD.exposeto正确答案:B[解析]本题考查固定用法。句意为:如果花椰菜曝光于极度的温度之下,正面就会褪色。exposeto“暴露于”,符合句意。又因为cauliflowers和谓语exposed是动宾关系,故用被动语态。所以,答案是B。

10.

Modernindustrialmethodshavesupplantedindividualcrafts,madeblacksmiths,stone-carvers,coopersandcobblersvirtuallyextinct.A.thatmadeB.makeC.whichmakingD.making正确答案:D[解析]本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:现代工业方法代替了个人手艺,这使铁匠,石头雕刻者、铜匠和补鞋匠几乎灭绝了。这里是现在分词作伴随状语。所以,答案是D。

11.

Ifindthatmostchildren'sbooksareaboutboys,menandmaleanimals,andmostdealaboutmaleadventures.A.dealwithB.aredealingwithC.dealinD.aredealingin正确答案:A[解析]dealin买卖(货物),经营,如:dealinantiques(买卖古董)。dealwith对待,处理,论及,如:ThisbookdealswiththeancienthistoryofChina.(这本书论及中国古代史)所以答案只能在A、C中选。两个most引导的从句是find后并列的两个宾语从句,第二个most后省略了children'sbooks,所以答案为A。

12.

IndoingChinese-Englishtranslation,thetranslatormayrunintomoredifficultiesthanEnglish-Chinesetranslation.A.thaninEnglish-ChinesetranslationB.thanindoingEnglish-ChinesetranslationC.thandoingEnglish-ChinesetranslationD.thantodoEnglish-Chinesetranslation正确答案:B[解析]句子的结构应为:ThetranslatormayrunintomoredifficultiesindoingChinese-EnglishtranslationthanindoingEnglish-Chinesetranslation.对比的两个事物的结构应该一致,所以答案为B。

13.

Anyonecangiveexamplesofdreadfuldamagesdonebythisindustry,whichisapparentlydevelopwiththeexpenseoftheenvironment.A.whichapparentlydevelopingattheexpenseofB.whichapparentlydevelopintheexpenseofC.whichisapparentlydevelopingattheexpenseofD.whichisapparentlydevelopingintheexpenseof正确答案:C[解析]which引导的非限定性定语从句,修饰thisindustry,表示这一工业显然正在以牺牲环境的代价来发展。非限定性定语从句的动词应为isdeveloping;而“牺牲……的利益,付出……的代价”是attheexpenseof,所以答案为C。

14.

Theadvertisingindustryintoday'sworlddoeshaveitsshareofresponsibilitiesinleadingpeopletomisconceptions.A.forleadingpeopletoB.toleadpeopletoC.toleadpeopleintoD.forleadingpeopleinto正确答案:A[解析]responsibility后可跟for或to,但意思不同:跟for表“负责,负责任”,而跟to表“职责”。如:Hetriestoescapetakingresponsibilityfortheaccident.(他试图回避对那起事故负责)Itishisresponsibilitytomakearrangementsforthemeeting.(安排这次会议是他的职责)另外,“引导(人)到……”应该用leadto,所以答案为A。

15.

Iurgedallthestudentstotaketheinitiativeintheirownhandstodeterminetheirgoalsforfurtherpursuitratherthantodependontheirteachersandtheirparents.A.determineB.determiningC.indeterminingD.fordetermining正确答案:C[解析]taketheinitiativeindoingsth.“主动做某事”,因此答案为C。

16.

Alldon'thaveafreeticketmustpaytheadmissionfee.A.Everyonewhodoestn'thaveafreeticketB.Noonewhodoesn'thaveafreeticketC.NoonewhohasfreeticketsD.Anyonewhohasfreetickets正确答案:A[解析]选项B是双重否定,与要表达的意思相反;选项C的定语从句中的ticket不应用复数;选项D也与要表达的意思相反;而选项A意为“任何一个没有免票的人都要付入会费”。因此A为答案。

17.

Whenanorganismiscompletelyencapsulatedandpreserved,itbecomesafossil,thereforeturningintoevidenceofthingsthatoncelived.A.therebyB.asaresultofC.soD.intheend正确答案:A[解析]therefore和thereby均为副词,表“因此”,但therefore后通常跟一个句子;而thereby后常接现在分词作状语。asaresultof“由于”(asaresult才表“因此”),因此A为答案。

18.

"Butyou'llbeabletocome,won'tyou?

Yes,Ithinksuch."A.thatB.itC.soD.this正确答案:C[解析]Ithinkso是固定搭配。think后面可以用so来避免重复已经表达过的想法。所以答案是C。与此用法相同的动词还有:hope,believe,suppose,imagine。

19.

Thetrapezeartistwhoranawaywiththeclownbrokeuptheliontamer'sheart.A.brokeawayB.brokedownC.brokeD.brokendown正确答案:C[解析]breakup“打碎,终止,驱散”;breakaway“突然离开,放弃(习惯等)”;breakdown“毁掉,制服,中止”。而本句要表达的意思是:……令训狮员非常伤心。所以应用breakone'sheart,选项C正确。

20.

Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegedegreesalsothereareoccupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.A.sotothereareB.sotoothereareC.sothereareD.sotooarethere正确答案:B[解析]Justas,so表示“正像……一样,也”,so在此作also解,应放在句首,后面的句子不倒装,too在此强调。所以B是答案。

Section2:ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Thenblankenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

MostpeoplewouldbeimpressedbythehighqualityofmedicineavailabletomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealofattentiontotheindividual,avastamountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,andintenseeffortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmustfaceinthecourtsiftheyhandlethingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayinwhichhealthcareisorganizedandfinanced.Contrarytopublicbelief,itisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Totheprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynotlookingafterthelessfortunateandtheelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,whichthisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.budget—largenumbersofAmericansareleftout.Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimitsonincomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.

Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontroloverthehealthsystem.Thereisnolimittowhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshotupandpriceshaveclimbed.Whenfacedwithtoothache,asickchild,oraheartattack,alltheunfortunatepersonconcernedcandoispayup.

Two-thirdsofthepopulationarecoveredbymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchastheywantknowingthattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill.

ThemedicalprofessionhasasaresultbecomeAmerica'snewbigbusinessmen.Theaverageincomeofdoctorshasnowreached$100,000ayear.Withsuchvastincomesthetalkinthedoctor'ssurgeryisaslikelytobeaboutthedoctor'slatestfinancialdeal,asaboutwhethertheminoroperationheisrecommendingat,severalthousanddollarsisentirelynecessary.

TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.A.isamongthemostworryingproblemfacingthecountry.In1981thecountry'shealthcostclimbed15.9percent—abouttwiceasfastaspricesingeneral.1.

IntheU.S.patientscanexpect,inmedicaltreatment,______.A.occasionalmistakesbycarelessdoctorsB.agreatdealofpersonalattentionC.lowchargebydoctorsandhospitalsD.slackingnursesandbadservices正确答案:B[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealofattentiontotheindividual,avastamountofadvancedtechnicalequipment"可知,

B项“agreatdealofpersonalattention很多个人护理”符合题意。A项“粗心医生偶然的错误”,第一段提到医院有专业化的团队,为避免错误不遗余力,所以A项说法不正确;C项“医生和医院的低收费”,文中提到大部分医疗费用由保险公司支付,所以医院收费很高,由此C项错误;D项“松散的护士和劣质的服务”,第一段说病人能得到医院高质量的关怀,所以说服务劣质也不符合文意,所以这三项都排除。

2.

Theword"specialization"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.restrictionB.classC.standardD.norm正确答案:A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Thereisalotofspecialization”可知,有很多限制。选项中的A项为“限定,限制”符合文意。B项“等级”,C项“标准”,D项“准则”,这三项均不符合题意。

3.

Doctorsandhospitalstryhardtoavoidmakingmistakesbecause______.A.theyfeartobesuedbythepatientsB.theycaremuchabouttheirreputationC.theycompeteforgettingmorepatientsD.theywishtojointheprivatemedicalsystem正确答案:A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“andintenseeffortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmustfaceinthecourtsiftheyhandlethingsbadly.”可知,一旦医生和医院处理事情不当,他们将在法庭上面临财务风险,所以A项“他们害怕被病人控告”符合题意。B项“他们很在意他们的名誉”,C项“他们竞争得到更多的病人”,D项“他们想加入私人医疗体系”,这三项和第一段内容不符合。

4.

Thephase"inamess"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.indisorderB.untidyC.uncleanD.chaotic正确答案:A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“ButtheAmericansareinamess”可知,但在美国一片混乱。选项中的A项为“无秩序的,混乱的”符合文意。B项“不整洁的”,C项“不干净的”,D项“混沌的”,这三项均不符合题意。

5.

WhatdomostAmericansthinkabouthealthcareintheU.S.?A.Itmustbeintotalchaos.B.Itmustbeafreecompetitionsystem.C.Itshouldcovertheunemployed.D.Itshouldinvolveprivatecare.正确答案:B[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Contrarytopublicbelief,itisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.和公众的信念相反,美国的医疗体系不是一个公平竞争的体系”可知,公众认为它是一个自由竞争体系,所以B项符合题意。A项“它一定处在一片混乱中”,C项“它应该覆盖失业人员”,D项“它应该包含私人护理”,这三项和文中第二段内容不符合。

6.

Thephase"leftout"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ignoreB.considerC.eliminateD.debar正确答案:A[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“largenumbersofAmericansareleftout”可知,大部分美国人被忽视了。选项中的A项为“忽视,忽略”符合文意。B项“考虑”,C项“排除,消除”,D项“防止,禁止”,这三项均不符合题意。

7.

FromParagraph3weknowthat______fromthepublichealthsystem.A.millionsofjoblesspeoplegetsupportB.thosewithsteadyincomedonotseekhelpC.somepeoplearemadeineligibletobenefitD.thosewithprivatehealthcareareexcluded正确答案:C[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimitsonincomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.”以及“largenumbersofAmericansareleftout”,可知,在美国,大量的美国人都不在美国公共卫生体系之内,包括一千一百万失业人口中的一半,以及那些达不到政府规定的最低收入限制而靠储蓄度日的人。所以C项符合题意。A项“成千上万的失业人员从公共医疗体系得到帮助”,这和文中内容相反;B项“有稳定收入的人不从公共医疗体系寻求帮助”,D项“有私人医疗保险的人被排除在外”,B、D和文中第三段内容不符合。

8.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeyfactorintheriseofhealthcostintheU.S.?A.Therefusalofinsurancecompaniestopaythebills.B.Theincreaseofthenumberofdoctorsandhospitals.C.Thelackofgovernmentcontroloverthemedicalprices.D.Themergerofprivatehealthcarewiththepublicsystem.正确答案:C[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontroloverthehealthsystem.Thereisnolimittowhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay.”可知,医生和医院收费高,是因为政府控制不到位,所以C项“对医疗价格政府缺乏控制”符合题意。A项“保险公司拒付医疗账单”,B项“医生和医院数量的增加”,D项“私人医疗体系和公共医疗体系的合并”,这三项和第四段内容不符合,不是医院收费高的根本原因。

9.

Theword"they"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.A.doctorsB.moneyC.populationD.patients正确答案:A[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Doctorschargeasmuchastheywantknowingthattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill”可知,医生根据他们想要的尽量多收费,因为他们知道保险公司会支付的。由此可知,they代指前面提到的医生。所以正确答案是A选项。

10.

ItisimpliedthatAmericandoctorsoften______.A.tradetheirprofessionalismforfinancialbenefitsB.failtorecognizethepayingpowerofthepatientsC.discussabouthowtomakemoneyduringthesurgeryD.givethepatientsexpensivebutneedlesstreatments正确答案:C[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Withsuchvastincomesthetalkinthedoctor'ssurgeryisaslikelytobeaboutthedoctor'slatestfinancialdeal,asaboutwhethertheminoroperationheisrecommendingatseveralthousanddollarsisentirelynecessary.”可知,C项“在手术中讨论如何赚钱”符合题意。A项“用他们的专业知识去换取经济利益”,B项“不能辨别出病人的支付能力”,A、B两项在文中没有提到;D项“给病人昂贵的不需要的治疗”,文中提到昂贵,但是没有提到治疗是不是病人需要不需要的,所以D不正确。

Somepeopleassociatemigrationmainlywithbirds.Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.Whentheweatherturnscold,theytravelsouthuntilspring.Theirtracksaresowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.TheyoungareborninJuneandbySeptemberarestrongenoughtogowiththeirmothersonajourneyofover3,000miles.TogethertheyswimdownthePacificCoastofNorthAmerica.ThefemalesandyoungtravelasfarassouthernCalifornia.Themalesdonotjourneysofar.TheyswimonlytotheGulfofAlaska.Inthespring,malesandfemalesallreturntotheislands,andtherethecyclebeginsagain.Whalesareamongthegreatestmigratorsofall.Thehumpbackandbluewhalesmigratethousandsofmileseachyearfromthepolarseastothetropics.Whaleseathugequantitiesofplankton.Thesearemostabundantincoldpolarwaters.Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthtotheiryoung.11.

Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A.peoplemigratelikeanimalsB.onlybirdsmigrateC.thefemalefursealsmigrateonlytotheGulfofAlaskaD.notallmammalsmigrate正确答案:D[解析]本题考查推理判断。根据常识可知,A项不正确;根据第一段第二句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.”可知,B项错误;根据第一段第六、七句“AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.ThesesealsbreedonlyinthePribilotIslandsintheBeringSea.”可知,C项错误。故这三项均可排除。所以,答案是D。

12.

Thephrase"Anexample"underlinedinParagraph1referstoanexampleofa______.A.migratorymammalB.placewhereanimalsmigrateC.migratingbirdD.personwhoassociatesmigrationwithbirds正确答案:A[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二、三句“Birdsdotravelvastdistances,butmammalsalsomigrate.Anexampleisthecaribou...”可知,上文提到哺乳动物也迁徙,紧接着就说其中一个例子是……。所以,这个例子应指迁徙的哺乳动物。因此,答案是A。

13.

AllthemammarsalementionedasmigratingonesEXCEPT______.A.caribouB.finwhaleC.reindeerD.Alaskafurseal正确答案:B[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第三句和第六句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada.AnothermigratingmammalistheAlaskafurseal.”可知,caribou,reindeer和Alaskafurseal都被以哺乳动物提及。所以,只有B项没有提及。因此,答案是B。

14.

WherecanyouSeefromtheairthemigrationofthemammals?A.InthePribilotIslands.B.IntheBeringSea.C.InsouthernCalifornia.D.InnorthernCanada.正确答案:D[解析]本题考查细节理解。根据文章第三、五句“Anexampleisthecaribou,reindeerthatgrazeonthegrassyslopesofnorthernCanada...Theirtracksaresowell-wornthattheyareclearlyvisiblefromtheair.”可知,驯鹿在加拿大北部的草原吃草,他们的迁徙路径可以清晰地从空中看到。因此,答案为D。

15.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Whalesbreedinwinter.B.Youngwhalesaregivenbirthincoldwaters.C.Alaskafursealsgivebirthtotheyoungonlyinonearea.D.Alaskafursealsareborninwarmweather.正确答案:B[解析]本题考查是非判断。根据文章最后一句“Inwinter,thewhalesmovetowarmwaterstobreedandgivebirthto

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