翻译三级笔译综合能力分类模拟题18

翻译三级笔译综合能力分类模拟题18Ⅰ.Grammar:MiscellaneousGrammaticalPointsA、MultipleChoices1.

Themanwasprejudi（江南博哥）ced______allpeopleofcolor.A.forB.toC.againstD.with正确答案：C

2.

Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,______killedhimtwoyearsago.A.theeffectsofwhichB.theeffectsofitC.finallyD.that正确答案：D

3.

______shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.A.JustwhenB.SoonafterC.ItwaswhileD.Duringthetimewhen正确答案：C

4.

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlestthey______bythelocalbandits.A.beattackedB.wereattackedC.mustbeattackedD.wouldbeattacked正确答案：A

5.

Soquicklyistechnologyadvancing______isapossibilitytodaymaybearealitytomorrow.A.thatB.thatwhichC.ifwhatD.thatwhat正确答案：D此句用的是so...that...结构，连词that引导结果状语从句，whatisapossibilitytoday为结果状语从句中的主语部分。

6.

Thetravelerwassoakedtotheskin,fortherewasnoshelter______therainsanywhere.A.ofB.fromC.inD.against正确答案：B

7.

TajMahalinIndiaisperhapsoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworld,whereIspent______moonlitnight.A.manyaB.plentyofC.agreatmanyD.agreatdealof正确答案：A

8.

Itwasquitesometime______thepresidentmanagedtosavehisfirmfrombankruptcy.A.whileB.beforeC.whenD.eversince正确答案：B

9.

Wethoughtshe'dcomejustforavisit,butitseemssheisstaying______.A.notlongerB.forlongtimeC.forlongD.forgood正确答案：D

10.

Inmyopinion,heis______imaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.A.quitethemostB.verythemostC.byfarthemostD.ratherthemost正确答案：C

11.

Myapproachisnottolearneverythingaboutsomething,but______somethingabouteverything.A.rathertolearnB.ratherlearnC.toratherlearnD.ratherlearning正确答案：A

12.

Pumas,whicharelarger,cat-likeanimals,willnotattackhumanbeingsifthey______undisturbed.A.leaveB.leftC.areleftD.haveleft正确答案：C

13.

______thedoorthansomeonestartedknockingonit.A.IhadclosednosoonerB.IhadnosoonerclosedC.NosoonerhaveIclosedD.NosoonerIclosed正确答案：B

14.

MyfriendPaulwasbadlytakeninwhenhepaid$1,000forthatsecond-handcar;itwasnotworthA.thatallmuchB.thatmuchallC.allthatmuchD.muchallthat正确答案：C

15.

Everybodyknowsthattheearthisspherical,______?A.doesn'theB.doesn'tsheC.don'ttheyD.doesn'tit正确答案：C

16.

Mostdoctorsrecognizethatmedicineis______.A.asartasmuchitisascienceB.muchanartasitisascienceC.asanartasmuchitisascienceD.asmuchanartasitisascience正确答案：D

17.

Scrambledeggswithbacon______thestandardAmericanbreakfast.A.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobe正确答案：A

18.

Thepolicechiefannouncedthathewouldsooninquire______thedeathsoftwoyounggirls.A.aboutB.intoC.ofD.after正确答案：B

19.

At4o'clockthismorning,Isuddenlywokeupandseemed______someonescreaminthestreet.A.tohearingB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.havingheard正确答案：B

20.

Thesick______beencuredandthelost______beenfound.A.hashasB.havehaveC.hashaveD.havehas正确答案：B此句中，thesick和thelost表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。

21.

ProfessorFoster,whoteachesEnglishliteratureatCaliforniaStateUniversity,divideshistime______teaching,writingandlecturing.A.duringB.fromC.amongD.between正确答案：D

22.

Themeetingwasto______atteno'clock,butthechairmanhadnotturnedupbyeleveno'clock.A.startB.havestartedC.isstartingD.bestarted正确答案：B

23.

Itwasnotuntilheenteredtheairport______herealizedthathehadforgottentobringhisairticketwithhim.A.beforeB.whenC.afterD.that正确答案：D

24.

Thesignalmadebythewatchmancouldmeannothing______thanahalttotheadvance.A.muchB.betterC.ratherD.other正确答案：D

25.

Itiseasytothinkthatawitnesswhosawacrime______willbeabletogivealltheanswer.A.tobecommittedB.tocommitC.committingD.beingcommitted正确答案：D

26.

______,theboxwillbreakintopieces.A.IfhandledcarelesslyB.HandlingcarelesslyC.TohandlecarelesslyD.Ifhandlingcarelessly正确答案：A

27.

Theworkerswentonstrikeagainstthegovernment'splan______thepricesofdailynecessities.A.raisesB.raisedC.raisingD.toraise正确答案：D

28.

Ithinkshemustbeapopmusiclover,______?A.mustn'tsheB.don'tIC.isn'tsheD.doesn'tshe正确答案：C

29.

Theblindcan______seethanthedeafcanhear.A.nolongerB.nomoreC.nobetterD.nosooner正确答案：B

30.

Forhimtobereelected,whatisessentialisnotthathisnewpolicyworks,butthatthepublicbelievethatit______.A.isB.doesC.hasdoneD.isdone正确答案：B此句中的does替代前面的works。

B、ErrorCorrection1.

Becarefultogivethecaterersanaccuratecountofthenumberofpeoplewhomyouexpecttohavegonetotheweddingreception.正确答案：havegone→go

2.

Thechildrensoonforgotthatitwasthem,theirparents,whohadencouragedthemtocontinuetheireducation.正确答案：them→they

3.

Forcenturieslargecommunitiesofpeoplelivedonhouseboatsinpartsoftheworldwheretheclimateiswarmandthewatersarecalm.正确答案：lived→havelived

4.

Swans,notedforgracefulmovementsinthewater,havebeenthesubjectofmanypoetries,fairytales,legends,andmusicalcompositions.正确答案：poetries→poems此句中，poetry为诗歌的总称，为不可数名词。

5.

Notuntilsixthousandyearsagodidmandevelopthefirstbowsandarrows,andbegantomakepotteryandthefirstfishhooks.正确答案：began→begin

6.

Iamexcessivelygratefulforthemanykindnessesyouhaveshownmyson.正确答案：excessively→exceedingly

7.

Chosenthemostoutstandingstudentonhiscampusmadehisparentsveryhappy.正确答案：Chosen→Beingchosen

8.

ThenewsmaybetruebutasIhearditonlyfromsecond-handIamnotlikelytogiveitcredenceuntilIhaveitconfirmed.正确答案：from→from(删去)

9.

Thousandsofpeoplediedeventhoughtherewasaworldwideefforttosendfoodandmedicinetothestarvedpeople.正确答案：starved→starving

10.

Theadvantagesofthephotovoltaiccellareitszeropollution,itsdurability,anditsabilityforproducingenergydirectlyfromthesun.正确答案：forproducing→toproduce

11.

Alloillampsbeingfashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.正确答案：beingfashioned→fashioned过去分词短语fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoil作定语，修饰lamps。

12.

Thenewtelephonesystemcancarrymanymoretelephoneconversationsatthesametimeastheoldone,andcancarrythemmuchfartherwithoutamplificationorregeneration.正确答案：as→than

13.

Billwillpresentapaperattheconferencedescribehisnewapproachtoeliminateacertainkindofwaterpollution.正确答案：describe→describing现在分词短语describinghisnewapproachtoeliminateacertainkindofwaterpollution作定语，修饰apaper。

14.

TheamountoftheAntarcticPeninsulaarethoughttocontaincopperdepositsaresimilartothoseintheAndesMountainsofSouthAmericabecausethetwoareaswereoncecontiguous.正确答案：it→theneedle

15.

Thisyear,asthepast,theoilcompanywillsponsoratelevisionseriesbasedonmajorliteraryworks.正确答案：asthepast→asinthepast

Ⅱ.ClozeTestHeavyRainCanTriggerEarthquakes暴雨会引发地震

Hugedownpoursofraincantriggerearthquakesinlandscapesriddledwith

1

andchannelsbyincreasingpressurewithinunderlyingrock,

2

anewstudy.

Itwasalreadyknownthatrainfallcouldcausetremors,butthe

3

ofwaterneededismuchmorethanpreviouslythought,saysSteveMiller,ageologist

4

theUniversityofBonn,Germany.

Inrecentyears,

5

havedocumentedsmallearthquakesthatoccurredafterheavyrainfallinGermany,SwitzerlandandFrance.All

6

lowinmagnitude-meaningtheycould

7

detectedbyseismographs,butnotfeltbyhumans.

Someexpertshave

8

thatalthoughtherainfallwasheavy,thefactthatraincould

9

anearthquakeatallsuggeststhatittakesextremelylittleto

10

atremor.TheyconcludedthattheEarth'scrustinadelicate

11

,teeteringontheedgeofaslightshake-upatanymoment.

12

,inthenewstudy,Millerdisagrees,pointingoutthat

13

thethreedocumentedeventshappenedinaspecifictypeoflandscape

14

askarst.

Othergeologistsstudyingrain-triggeredearthquakesdidnotethatthey

15

inkarstgeology,buttheydidnotdelveintothepossible

16

.

Karstlandscapefeaturesadistinctivetopographyofsoftcarbonaterockriddled

17

deepfissures,undergroundchannelsandcavesystems.

Thesecharacteristicfeaturesarecarvedout

18

carbonatebedrock-typicallylimestoneordolomite-is

19

slowlybytheactionofslightlyacidicrainwateroverthousandsof

20

.Andthesestructures,saysMiller,arekey.1.

正确答案：caves

2.

正确答案：suggests

3.

正确答案：amount

4.

正确答案：at

5.

正确答案：geologists

6.

正确答案：were

7.

正确答案：be

8.

正确答案：suggested

9.

正确答案：trigger

10.

正确答案：produce

11.

正确答案：balance

12.

正确答案：Now

13.

正确答案：all

14.

正确答案：known

15.

正确答案：occurred

16.

正确答案：implications

17.

正确答案：with

18.

正确答案：when

19.

正确答案：dissolved

20.

正确答案：years

NatureGivesWaytoVirtualReality自然让位于虚拟现实

Aspeoplespendmoretimecommuningwiththeirtelevisionsandcomputers,theimpactisnotjustontheirhealth,researcherssay.Lesstimespentoutdoorsmeanslesscontactwithnatureand,eventually,lessinterestinconservationandparks.

Camping,fishingandpercapitavisitstoparksarealldeclininginashift

21

fromnature-basedrecreation,researchersreportinMonday'sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

"Declining

22

participationhascrucialimplicationsforcurrentconservation

23

,"wroteco-authorsOliverR.W.PergamsandPatriciaA.Zaradic."Wethinkitprobablethananymajor

24

inthevalueplacedonnaturalareasandexperienceswillgreatlyreducethevalue

25

placeonbiodiversityconservation."

"Thereplacementofvigorousoutdooractivitiesbysedentary,indoorvideophilia

26

far-reachingconsequencesforphysicalandmentalhealth,especiallyinchildren,"Pergamssaidinastatement."Videophiliahasbeen

27

tobeacauseofobesity,lackofsocialization,attention

28

andpooracademicperformance."

Bystudyingvisitstonationalandstateparkandthe

29

ofhuntingandfishinglicensestheresearchersdocumenteddeclinesofbetween18percentand25

30

invarioustypesofoutdoorrecreation.

Thedecline,foundinboththeUnited

31

andJapan,appearstohavebeguninthe1980sand1990s,theperiodof

32

growthofvideogames,theysaid.

Forexample,fishingpeakedin1981andhad

33

25percentby2005.Visitstonationalparkspeakedin1987anddropped23

34

by2006,whilehikingontheAppalachianTrialpeakedin2000

35

wasdown18percentby2005.

Japansufferedsimilardeclines,asvisitstonationalparkstheredropped

36

18percentbetween1991and2005.

Therewasasmallgrowthinbackpacking,but

37

mayreflectdaytripsbysomepeoplewho

38

werecampers,wrotePergamsandZaradic.Pergamsisavisitingresearchassistantprofessorofbiological

39

attheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago,whileZaradicisafellowwiththeEnvironmentalLeadershipProgram,DelawareValley,inBrynMawr,Pa.

40

fishingdeclined,huntingheldontomostofitsmarket,theyfound.

"Thismayberelatedtovariousoverfishingandpollutionissuesdecreasingaccesstofishpopulations,contrastedwithexplodingdeerpopulations,"theysaid.

TheresearchwasfundedbyTheNatureConservancy.21.

正确答案：away

22.

正确答案：nature

23.

正确答案：efforts

24.

正确答案：decline

25.

正确答案：people

26.

正确答案：has

27.

正确答案：shown

28.

正确答案：disorders

29.

正确答案：issuance

30.

正确答案：percent

31.

正确答案：States

32.

正确答案：rapid

33.

正确答案：declined

34.

正确答案：percent

35.

正确答案：and

36.

正确答案：by

37.

正确答案：that

38.

正确答案：previously

39.

正确答案：sciences

40.

正确答案：While

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

MentalIllnessandDiagnosis

精神病及其诊断

Likemedicaldoctors,mentalhealthprofessionalsoftenusediagnosisasawayofcategorizingpatientsandtheirproblems.Theuseofdiagnosescan,attimes,helpguidetreatingprofessionalsastothenatureoftheproblemsapatientfaces,theoriginsofthoseproblems,andpotentialtreatmentoptions.Diagnosiscanalsosometimesbeusedtostraightjacketpatientsintoill-definedandill-fittingcategoriesthatlendascientificappearancetosociallyconstructedbiases.Forexample,adiagnosisofmajordepressivedisorderisoftenusedbypsychiatristsandmanagedcarecompaniesasanargumentthatapersonhasa"biologically-basedmentalillness"andthusmustreceiveabiologicaltreatment,suchasantidepressantdrugsor,morerarely,electroconvulsivetreatment.Theassignmentofthediagnosismandatesatreatmentprescriptiondespiteconsiderablecontroversyamongresearchersandpractitionersastotherelativeeffectivenessofdrugtreatmentversuspsychotherapy.

Someconditionsbearenoughofthecharacteristicsusuallyassociatedwithillnesstobereasonablyreferredtoasmentalillnesses.Butthejuryisstilloutastotheextentorganicfactorsplayinschizophrenia.Whilethereisincreasingevidenceoforganicfactors-includinggeneticfactorsandillnessinthepregnantmother—playingaroleinthiscondition,noorganicfactorsatthispointareknowntobeeithernecessaryorsufficient.Similarly,thereexistsevidencesuggestingthatschizophreniaisaconditionqualitativelydistinctfromothermodesofliving.Ontheotherhand,thereexistsevidencequestioningthisviewofschizophreniaasaclearlydistinctillness.Thereisevidencethatschizophreniaistheextremeendofalargerspectrumof"conditions."Andenvironmentalfactorsclearlyplayaroleintheprospectsforthedevelopmentoftheconditionandinitscourse.

Ifoneconcludesthatschizophreniais,indeed,largelyabiologicalcondition,thenitwouldbereasonabletodescribeitasanillness.Butwhatifonedecidesthatenvironmentalfactorsplayalargerole?

Oncewegetbeyondtheclearlyorganicconditions,thecategoryofmentalillnessbecomesmetaphorical.Thereisnothingwrongwiththis.Peoplemakesenseoftheworldlargelythroughmetaphors.Theillnessmetaphorcanbeilluminating,butitcanalsobeblinding.Thequestioniswhetherapplyingittotheemotionalproblemsandissuespeoplefacerevealshiddenaspects,orcoversoverimportantcharacteristics.Thus,mentalillnessesarelikeotherphysicalillnessesinthattheyoftenappeartobeinvoluntaryandtheycaninterferewithnormalfunctioningand/orcausedistress.

However,manyusesofthementalillnessconstructignoreitsmetaphoricalquality.Thus,itissometimespresumedwithoutquestionthatanythingdiagnosedasamentalillnessshouldbetreated,despitethefactthatthemajorityofthoseidentifiedinepidemiologicalstudiesashavingsuchaconditiondonotseektreatment.Othersgosofarastoformanequationwherebymentalillnessequalsillness,illnessmeansphysicalcondition,andphysicalconditionrequiresphysicaltreatment.Thislogicunderliesmuchoftheoveruseofmedicationsandthedownplayingofpsychotherapyforproblemsinlivingthatcharacterizesthelastfewdecades.

Eachofthethreelinksinthisequationisfallacious,ofcourse.AsIdiscussedabove,mentalillnessmayresembleotherillnessesincertainways,butinmostcasesdefinitelyisnotsamething.Certainly,ifoneextendstheconceptofillnesstoincludementalconditionswithnoobviousorganiccausethenillnessdoesnotmeanphysicalconditionandthereisnonecessaryreasonthatitshouldbetreated,muchlesstreatedbyphysicalinterventions.1.

Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.thewaymentalillnessisdiagnosedandtreatedB.thevalueofpsychotherapyintreatingmentalpatientsC.theimprovementsmadeintreatingmentalillnessD.thedangerincharacterizingmentalconditionsasillness正确答案：D

2.

Theauthorusestheexampleofschizophreniatomakethepointthat______.A.mentalillnessisakindofphysicalillnessthatneedstreatmentB.thereisnoconclusiveevidencethatmentalconditionshaveaphysicalbasisC.environmentalfactorsratherthanorganiconescausementalillnessD.schizophreniaismostlikelytobeinheritedfromthematemalparent正确答案：B

3.

Inwhatwayistheillnessmetaphorblindingconcerning"mentalillness"?A.Mentalillnessisoftenmistakenasaphysicalconditiontobecorrected.B.Applyingthemetaphortoemotionalproblemsyieldsnoreadytreatment.C.Themetaphorgivestheimpressionthatmentalillnessdoesnotneedtreatment.D.Themetaphoroftenconfusesmedicalprofessionalsabouttheseverityoftheillness.正确答案：A

4.

Oneoftheconsequencesresultingfrom"theequation"isthe______.A.overuseofpsychotherapyintreatingmentalillnessB.ineffectivemedicationforbothmentalandphysicalillnessesC.frequentuseofmedicaltreatmentformentalillnessD.ignoranceofthesufferingsofthementalpatients正确答案：C

5.

Theword"fallacious"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A.misleadingB.criticalC.obscureD.unnecessary正确答案：A

It'stheSolution

这就是解决问题的方法

byNellBoyce

humaneggsdon'tfreezewell—orsoIVFspecialistshavealwaysthought.ButbiologistsinNewJerseynowsaytheyhaveovercometheproblem,byabandoningtheideathateggsshouldbefrozeninasolutionthatresemblesbodyfluids.

Theresearchershaveobtainedhighsurvivalratesaftercryopreservingandthenthawingmouseeggs.Iftheirtechniquealsoworkswithhumaneggs,thenwomenwhoseeggsarefrozen—beforetheyundergochemotherapythatdamagestheirovaries,forexample—willhaveabetterchanceofbecomingmothers.

Fertilitycentresroutinelyfreezespermandembryos,butonlyafewbirthshavebeenreportedusingfrozeneggs.JamesStacheckioftheInstituteforReproductiveMedicineandScienceofSt.BarnabasMedicalCenterinWestOrange,NewJersey,wonderedifthesalinesolutionsuedtofreezeeggswastoblame.

Cellsmustbesurroundedbyamoreconcentratedsolutionduringfreezing.Thispullswateroutofthecellsbyosmosisandreducesthechancesoficecrystalsforming,whichcandamagecellstructures.Cryobiologistsusuallyuseasalinedesignedtomimicbodyfluids.

ButStacheckisuspectedthatsodiumionsfromsuchsolutionsweregettingintotheeggsandpoisoningthem.Instead,hedecidedtotryasolutioncontainingcholineions,whichdonotreadilycrosscellmembranes.Cholineisanorganicmoleculefoundinmanyplantandanimaltissues,andisaconstituentofB-complexvitamins.Cryopreservationexperimentsonothertypesofcellsusingcholinesolutionshadproducedpromisingresults.

Usinghundredsofmouseeggs,Stacheckiandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthecholinesolutionallowed90percenttosurvivefreezingandthawing.Andwhenthesurvivingeggswerefertilized,60percentdevelopedintotheballofcellscalledablastocyst.

"Theresultsareveryencouraging,"saysRogeryGosden,areproductivebiologistattheUniversityofLeeds.Withconventionalsaline,only50percentofeggssurvivedfreezingandjust10percentofthosefertilizedwentontoformablastocyst.

"Theplannowistodomoreworkinhumanstotesthowwellitworks,"saysStachecki.Severalwomenhavealreadyvolunteeredtodonatetheireggsfortheresearch.Ifthenewtechniqueworksforhumans,itmayalloweasiereggbankingatfertilityclinics.6.

NewJerseybiologistsdifferfromIVFspecialistsinthat______.A.theybelievehumaneggsarelikemouseeggsB.theybelievewomen'sovarieswillbedamagedifegg-freezingtechniqueisnotusedC.theydon'ttrytopreserveeggsinasolutionthatresemblesbodyfluidsD.theywillprovidewomenwithbetterchancesofbecomingmothers正确答案：C

7.

Thepassageindicatesthat______.A.fertilitycentresseldomusefrozeneggsforbirthpurposesB.survivalrateswithfrozenspermandeggshavenotbeensatisfactoryC.humaneggscanhardlysurvivefreezingconditionsD.salinesolutionisnolongerusedtofreezehumaneggs正确答案：B

8.

Onereasoncryobiologistsusethesalinesolutionisthat______.A.itcantoacertainextentpreventicecrystalsfromformingwithinthecellsB.itcanfunctionasbodyfluidsC.itdoesnotpullwateroutofthecellsbyosmosisduringfreezingD.itisaconcentratedsolutionthatfreezesmoreeasilyandquickly正确答案：A

9.

Itseemsthatsalinesolutionischaracterizedbythefactthat______.A.itssodiumionsmightharmtheeggsB.itscholineionsdonotreadilyentercellsC.itscholineexistsinmanyplantandanimaltissuesD.itwillbeapromisingsolutionincryopreservation正确答案：A

10.

Allofthefollowing,EXCEPT______,arefactorsthatencourageStachecki'sfurthercryopreservationexperimentation.A.higherpercentageinmouseeggfertilizationwithcholinesolutionthanthatwithsalinesolutionB.cholinesolution'sallowingforrepeatedeggfreezingandthawingC.thepresenceofabodyofvolunteersfortheexperimentationD.thepossibilityofthenewtechnique'seffectivenesswithhumaneggs正确答案：B

SynchronizedSex

性的同步

byMennoSchilthuizen

Whenthebiologicalclocksofmalesandfemalesareoutofsync,theirsexlivessuffer.Oratleastitdoesiftheyaremelonflies,Japaneseentomologistshavefound.Theysaythatdifferencesindailyrhythmsmightevenpromotetheevolutionofnewspecies.

TakahisaMiyatakeandToruShimizuofOkinawaPrefecturalAgriculturalExperimentalStationmadetheirdiscoverywhilestudyingthemelonflyBactroceracucurbitae,anotoriouspestofmelons,couregttesandothermembersofthegourdfamily.Byselectivebreedingfromfliesthatwerequickesttomatureandmate,theybuiltupapopulationoffastdevelopingindividuals.Inasimilarway,theyalsobredalineofslowdevelopers.After25generations,theslowdevelopers'larvaetookmorethan12daystomature,whilethefastdevelopersmaturedinjust6days.

Totheirsurprise,MiyatakeandShimizunoticedthatthiswasnottheonlydifferencebetweenthetwolines.Innature,themelonfliesmatearounddusk.Butamongthefastdevelopers,sexualactivitypeakedinlateafternoon,onehourbeforedusk,whiletheslowdevelopersonlystartedgettinginterestedinsexaroundthree-and-a-halfhoursafternightfall."Apparently,bothrhythmsareregulatedbythesameclockgene,"saysMiyatake.

Toseehowthiswouldinfluencetheabilityoftheslowandthefastlinestocrossbreed,theresearchersmarkedfliesfrombothlines,putthemtogetherincages,andwatchedtoseewhichmatedwithexpected,whichasmostmatingstookplacebetweenmalesandfemalesfromthesameline.Thefinding,whichwillbereportedinthejournalEvolution,suggeststhatdifferencesinbodyclockscouldcausenewspeciestoevolve.

Miyatakesaysthebehaviourofsomespeciessuggesttheymayhavearisenthisway."Manycloselyrelatedspeciesofinsectdifferintheirdailymatingtime,"hesays."Forexample,theonlythingthatseparatestwootherflies,Bactroceratryoniandbactroceraneohumeralis,isthefactthattheformermatesatdusk,thelatterinthedaytime."

"Thisisinterestingwork,"saysJeffreyFeder,anevolutionarygeneticistwhostudiesfruitfliesattheUniversityofNotreDameinIndiana."ItisveryexcitingthatMiyatakeandShimizuhaveshownhowselectiononthelarvaecanaffectthematingpatterninadultsandpreventcrossbreeding."

Federagreesthattheeffectcouldbeimportantintheevolutionofnewspecies,especiallywheninsectsundergoashiftinlifestyle.Forexample,ifapopulationoffliesstartsfeedingonanewfruitthatrotsquickly,thiscouldselectforfast-developinglarvaewithadifferentmatingtimeandwhichwouldnotbreedwiththeancestralstock."ThisisgettingattheheartofwhatDarwinwassayinginOntheOriginofSpecies,"saysFeder.11.

Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A.theJapaneseentomologistshaveexperimentedwithlotsofinsectsontheirsexlivesB.melonfliesaretheironlyobjectofstudyC.melonfliesdifferfromotherinsectspeciesintheirsexlivesD.melonflies'sexliveshavebeenconfirmedtobeaffectedbytheirbiologicalclocks正确答案：D

12.

TakahisaMiyatakeandTomShimizu'sselectivebreedingproduced______.A.newspeciesofmelonfliesB.surprisingdifferencesbetweenfast-developersandslow-developersC.thesameclockgenethatregulatesmelonflies'matingtimeD.25generationsoflarvaethatdifferindurationofmaturation正确答案：A

13.

Mostmatingsoccurredwithinthesamelinebecause______.A.differentlinesareregulatedbythesameclockgenesB.eachindividuallineissubjecttothesamebodyclockC.thelinesarenotfamiliarwitheachother'smatingpatternsD.onelinedevelopsfasterthantheotherline正确答案：B

14.

FederthinksthatMiyatakeandShimizu'sdiscoveryisinterestingpartlybecauseA.ithelpsdistinguishdifferentspeciesB.itsuggestsawayofpreventingcrossbreedingamongfruitfliesC.matingpatternsamongfruitflieshavebeendiscoveredD.selectiononthelarvaehasbeenpartoftheirexperiment正确答案：B

15.

WhichDarwiniantheoryisFederreferringtobyhisexampleinthelastparagraph?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Allrelatedorganismsaredescendedfromcommonancestors.C.Theearthitselfisnotstaticbutevolving.D.TheVariationofAnimalsandPlantsUnderDomestication.正确答案：A

CleverKitty

聪明的猫咪

byDuncanGraham-Rowe

ThemostambitiousartificialbrainyetdesignedistakingshapeinalaboratoryinColorado.Thebrain'sdevelopersaimtolinkittoarobotkittencalledRobokoneko,whichtheyhopewillbecomeoneofthefirstsuperstarsofartificiallife.

"Observerswon'tneedaPhDtoappreciatethatthereisabrainbehindit,"saysHugodeGarisofAdvancedTelecommunicationsResearchinKyoto,Japan,thebrain'sprincipalarchitect.

Genobyte,acompanyinBoulder,Colorado,isbuildingDeGaris'sCellularAutomataMachine(CAM)brainundercontract.Itwillcontainnearly40millionartificialneurons,comparedwiththefewhundredneuronsthatmostotherspecialistsinartificialintelligenceareworkingwith.TheCAMbraindiffersnotonlyinitsimmensescale,butalsointhefactthatitsneuronsarerealelectronicdevicesratherthansoftwaresimulations.

TheCAMbrainusesaspecialtypeofcomputerchipcalledaFieldProgrammableGateArray(FPGA).Unlikeconventionalchips,thecircuitsinFPGAscanbereconfiguredbyalteringtheconnectionsbetweentheirtransistors.Wh