寒假作业05 动词的时态和语态

限时练习：40min完成时间：____月____日天气：寒假作业05动词的时态和语态一、时态考查热点1.八大时态结构一般现在时主语+be(am,is,are)+其它主语+动词原形(+其它)主语+_________(+其它)现在进行时主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词(+其它)一般过去时主语+be(was,were)+其它主语+动词的过去式(+其它)一般将来时主语+begoingto+动词原形主语+shall/will+动词原形过去进行时主语+__________+动词的现在分词过去将来时主语+was/were/goingto+动词原形主语+would/should+动词原形现在完成时主语+________+_________过去完成时主语+_______+动词的过去分词2.时态与常用时间状语一般现在时everyday,sometimes,at7everymorning,onSunday,often,usually,always一般过去时yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow一般将来时next…,tomorrow,soon,hisevening,intwodays现在进行时look,listen,now,atthemoment现在完成时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently过去将来时thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…)过去完成时before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas过去进行时thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,thistimeyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening3.区别：have/hasgoneto，have/hasbeento和have/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto_______（在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来）have/hasbeento_______（人已经回来了）have/hasbeenin_______（常与一段时间连用）注意：have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever连用;have/hasgoneto则不可。4.非延续性动词和延续性性动词转换arrive→beinbuy→havebegin,start→beondie→bedeadfinish,end→_____goout→beoutjoin→_______borrow→keepfinish/end→________close→beclosedleave,move→beawayfallasleep→beasleep二、语态考查热点1.被动语态结构:一般现在时am/is/are+pp一般过去时______________

一般将来时shall/will+be+pp过去将来时would/should+be+pp

现在进行时am/is/are+being+pp过去进行时was/were+being+pp

现在完成时__________________过去完成时had+been+pp2.被动语态的特殊用法（1）当句子主语为物，且sell，break，wash，ride，wear，read，write等不及物动词后有状语修饰，表示事物的内在属性或品质时，常用其__________来表示被动意义。（2）当句子主语为物，且用于need,want,require等动词后，常用________的主动形式表示被动意义。（3）当句子主语为物，连系动词look,sound,taste,smell,feel等后跟_______时，常常用主动形式表示被动意义。（4）感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，notice和使役动词have，make，get等动词在主动语态中常跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中________不可省略。3.情态动词的被动语态肯定形式：情态动词+be+pp否定形式：__________________________疑问形式：__________________________基础过关练一、单项选择。1．—Whichteacherwillyoumissthemostaftergraduation?—Mrs.Chen.SheencouragedmealotwhenI________theEnglishexam.A．Fail B．wasfailing C．failed D．havefailed2．—Jim,I’vegotaproblemwithmycar.Couldyouhelpme?—Sorry,notrightnow.I________ashortvideo.A．Make B．havemade C．ammaking D．wasmaking3．—What’sthatnoise,Tom?—Oh,somechildren________intheyard.A．Play B．areplaying C．played D．willplay4．Whilewe________anEnglishsong,somevisitorscametoourclass.A．sing B．willsing C．weresinging D．aresinging5．I’vejustgottwotickets!I________toseethenewmoviewithTony.A．go B．Went C．willgo D．havegone6．（2023·甘肃武威·统考中考真题）Ifyouheatice,it________intowater.A．turns B．turned C．wasturning D．hasturned7．—Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.I________afootballmatch.—OK.I’llringyouuplater.A．watch B．watched C．amwatching D．waswatching8．—WhowilltalkaboutthedevelopmentofAmericancountrymusicnextweek?—IsuggestBrad.He________inNashville,thehomeofcountrymusic,sincehewasachild.A．lives B．lived C．haslived D．willlive9．—Thecarwillnotstart.WhatcanIdo?—Don’tworry.TomandI________itapush.A．give B．Gave C．havegiven D．willgive10．Somestudents________Taijioverthere.Let’sgoandjointhem.A．Play B．Played C．areplaying D．wereplaying11．Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A．Provides B．Provided C．isprovided D．wasprovided12．ThepandaYaYa________backtoChinaonApril27th,2023.A．isbrought B．wasbrought C．willbebrought13．—Canhegetthefirstprizeintherace?—He________so,buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.A．willexpecttodo B．isexpecteddoingC．hasexpecteddoing D．wasexpectedtodo14．Sandturnstoglasswhenit________bylightning.A．hits B．ishit C．ishitting D．willbehit15．Somephotosofthemoon________intheSpaceClubnextweek.A．shows B．isshowing C．wereshown D．willbeshown16．HouYi________magicmedicineforshootingdowntheninesuns,thenPangMengtriedtostealit.A．gives B．hasgiven C．gave D．wasgiven17．Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincethey________intoschools.A．introduce B．introduced C．areintroduced D．wereintroduced18．The18thChinaInternationalAlcoholicDrinksExpo(CIADE)________inLuzhoufromApril13thtoApril16th,2023.A．washeld B．isheld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld19．—Wouldyoumindtellingmeifhe________themeetingintwodays?—Hewon’t,unlesshe________.A．willattend,isinvited B．attends,willbeinvitedC．willattend,invites20．—We’resoproudthatChinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.—Yes.Asyoucansee,Chinese________bymoreandmoreforeigners.A．learns B．islearned C．waslearned二、选词填空。用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。）dressup/business/clever/protect/strong/takeoff/hold21．TheancientemperorsbuilttheGreatWallto___________theircountry.22．Igetsucha_________feelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetter.23．Hometownsaretheplacesthat___________allthebestmemoriesinchildhood.24．Inmanycountries,youshould__________yourglovesbeforeshakinghands.25．LiXinsetupa__________tomakebeautifulartworksbyusingmaterialsfromoldcars.能力提升练一、完形填空。（2023·四川南充·统考中考真题）Ifyoulovereadingbooks,youmustknowaboutthebookTheAdventuresofTomSawyerbyMarkTwain.Thebookisquiteinterestingandpopularamongkids.EvenifIamanadultnow,thebookis____1____oneofmyfavorites.Afterre-readingthebookrecently,Ihave____2____animportantlessonfromTomSawyer.Inourdailylives,weareoftengivensomeboringortiring____3____.What’sinyourmindwhenyourmother____4____youtodosomechores?Haveyoueverwantedtocomplain(抱怨)?Ithinkmostpeoplehave.TomSawyer,however,hadadifferentthoughtwhenhewasgivenaboringtask.Oneday,AuntPollytoldTomto____5____thefence(篱笆).Tomwasdoinghisjob,whenhisfriendBenRogershappenedtopassby.Insteadofcomplaining,TomtoldBenthathefelt“____6____”aboutthetask.“Onlyoneinathousand—maybeeventwothousand—boyscandothis!”Tomsaid.Tom’swordsmadeBeninterestedinthetask.HeevengaveTomhisapplesothathecouldhavea____7____topaintthefence.IfTomhadthoughtabout____8____butcomplaining,hewouldhavehadabaddaypaintingthefence.Thisstoryteachesmeavaluablelesson:Complainingis____9____.Thenexttimeyouaregivenaboringortiringtask,don’tcomplain.UnlikewhathappensinthestoryofTomSawyer,itisunlikelythatsomeonewillcomeanddotheworkforyou.So,don’tcomplain,____10____you’llfeelbetterandperhapsevendoabetterjob!1．A．just B．still C．even D．hardly2．A．learned B．taught C．given D．attended3．A．stories B．words C．tasks D．lessons4．A．trusts B．allows C．helps D．asks5．A．paint B．repair C．examine D．cross6．A．bored B．excited C．unexpected D．disappointed7．A．method B．hobby C．dream D．chance8．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something9．A．useless B．endless C．powerful D．wonderful10．A．if B．or C．but D．and二、阅读还原7选5（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IoncegavealessontoagroupofprimaryschoolstudentsforaTVprogram.Isuggestedthatwecreatesmallgardens.First,Iaskedthestudentstolookfortheirfavoriteplaceintheschool.____11____ThenIhadeachofthemdescribetheirexperiencesofnatureinasmallgarden.Inaboxofaboutoneandahalfbytwofeet,theywerefreetoorganize—soil,stones,leavesandgrass.Evenasanactivegardendesigner,Iwasimpressedwiththeirimagination.____12____Onechildcreated“water”thatflowedintoa“lake”;anotherchildputgrassinawaytorepresent“wind”;andyetanotherchildtriedhardtocreateshade...____13____Thatwaswhytheytookgreatinterestwhentheycreatedtheirsmallgardens.Theyspentawonderfultimetogetherwithnature.____14____Ifyounoticeastonelyingontheground,pickitupandholdit.Whenyouseebeautifulflowersbythesideoftheroad,stopandenjoythepleasantsmell.Then,insideyourmind,createasmallgardenofyourown.____15____A．Itwillrelaxyou.B．Flowersliketheseareallaroundyou.C．Thegardenswerebuiltmanyyearsago.D．Tryspendingtimewithnatureyourself.E．Thegardenstheymadewerereallycreative.F．Oncethere,Iletthemtryhardtoemptytheirminds.G．Thesechildrenwereoftenbusydoingtheirschoolwork.三、语法填空。（2023·四川眉山·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lixia,ortheStartofSummer,isthe____16____(seven)ofthe24Chinesesolarterms(节气)whichfallsonMay6ofthisyear.Itsymbolizes(象征)thepassingfromspring____17____summer.Withtheheatofsummer,plantsandcropswillbegintogrowmuch____18____(fast).SofarmersarealwayshappytowelcomethearrivalofLixia.Thisis____19____besttimeoftheyeartoplantearlyriceinthesouthernpartofChina.Chinesehasplentyofoldsayings____20____areusedtowarnpeoplenottobelazyduringthisperiodoftime.InChina,peoplecelebratethedayofLixiaindifferentways.Forexample,insomeplacespeoplecook“Five-ColoredRice”.Usually,it____21____(make)fromfivekindsofbeans(豆)—mungbean,redbean,yellowbean,blackbeanandgreenbean.Itstandsforpeople’sgoodwishesforacolorfullife.Peoplealsohavethecustomof____22____(eat)somedifferentkindsoffreshfruitsandvegetables.OnthedayofLixia,childrenwillwearabagwithaneggaroundtheirnecksinsomeareas.Thisisbelievedtohelpkeep____23____(they)safeandhealthy.Other____24____(tradition)ofLixiaincludethesingingofbeautifulfolksongs.AndpeoplealsoweighthemselvesonLixia.Whenthesummer____25____(pass),they’llweighthemselvesagaintoseehowmanypoundstheyhavelostduringthehotseason.知识小结通过本专题内容的训练，进一步巩固强化动词的时态和语态的主要用法，掌握中考常考考点和易错点。1.明确被动语态结构：现在完成时have/has+been+pp过去完成时had+been+pp2.have/hasgoneto去了（在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来）have/hasbeento曾经去过（人已经回来了）have/hasbeenin已经在（常与一段时间连用）3.情态动词的被动语态疑问形式：情态动词+主语+be+pp

寒假作业05动词的时态和语态（解析版）一、时态考查热点1.八大时态结构一般现在时主语+be(am,is,are)+其它主语+动词原形(+其它)主语+动词三单式(+其它)现在进行时主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词(+其它)一般过去时主语+be(was,were)+其它主语+动词的过去式(+其它)一般将来时主语+begoingto+动词原形主语+shall/will+动词原形过去进行时主语+was/were+动词的现在分词过去将来时主语+was/were/goingto+动词原形主语+would/should+动词原形现在完成时主语+have/has+动词的过去分词过去完成时主语+had+动词的过去分词2.时态与常用时间状语一般现在时everyday,sometimes,at7everymorning,onSunday,often,usually,always一般过去时yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow一般将来时next…,tomorrow,soon,hisevening,intwodays现在进行时look,listen,now,atthemoment现在完成时for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently过去将来时thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…)过去完成时before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas过去进行时thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,thistimeyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening3.区别：have/hasgoneto，have/hasbeento和have/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto去了（在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来）have/hasbeento曾经去过（人已经回来了）have/hasbeenin已经在（常与一段时间连用）注意：have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever连用;have/hasgoneto则不可。4.非延续性动词和延续性性动词转换arrive→beinbuy→havebegin,start→beondie→bedeadfinish,end→_be_over_goout→beoutjoin→_be_in_borrow→keepfinish/end→be_over_close→beclosedleave,move→beawayfallasleep→beasleep二、语态考查热点1.被动语态结构:一般现在时am/is/are+pp一般过去时was/were+pp

一般将来时shall/will+be+pp过去将来时would/should+be+pp

现在进行时am/is/are+being+pp过去进行时was/were+being+pp

现在完成时have/has+been+pp过去完成时had+been+pp2.被动语态的特殊用法（1）当句子主语为物，且sell，break，wash，ride，wear，read，write等不及物动词后有状语修饰，表示事物的内在属性或品质时，常用其主动形式来表示被动意义。（2）当句子主语为物，且用于need,want,require等动词后，常用动名词_的主动形式表示被动意义。（3）当句子主语为物，连系动词look,sound,taste,smell,feel等后跟形容词时，常常用主动形式表示被动意义。（4）感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，notice和使役动词have，make，get等动词在主动语态中常跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中to_不可省略。3.情态动词的被动语态肯定形式：情态动词+be+pp否定形式：情态动词+not+be+p.p疑问形式：情态动词+主语+be+p.p基础过关练一．单项选择1．C【详解】句意：——毕业后你最想念哪位老师？——陈老师。当我英语考试不及格时，她给了我很多鼓励。考查动词时态。根据“SheencouragedmealotwhenI…theEnglishexam.”可知，主句和从句的动作先后发生，主句和从句都用一般过去时，动词为过去式。故选C。2．C【详解】句意：——Jim，我的车出问题了。你能帮我吗？——对不起，现在不行。我正在做一个短视频。考查动词时态。根据“Sorry,notrightnow.I…ashortvideo”可知，现在正在制作短视频，用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，故选C。3．B【详解】句意：——Tom，那是什么声音？——哦，一些孩子们在院子里玩。考查动词时态。根据“What’sthatnoise”可知，询问正在发出的声音是什么，所以答语用现在进行时，故选B。4．C【详解】句意：当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。考查动词时态。根据“While”以及“somevisitorscametoourclass”可知此句是含有while的过去进行时：was/weredoing，故选C。5．C【详解】句意：我刚买了两张票！我将和托尼一起去看这部新电影。考查时态。根据“I’vejustgottwotickets!”可知，这里指刚买了两张票，所以是将要去看电影，应用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故选C。6．A【详解】句意：如果你加热冰，它就会变成水。考查动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，但是主句是客观事实，还是用一般现在时。故选A。7．C【详解】句意：——对不起，我听不清你说什么。我正在看一场足球赛。——好的。我稍后给你打电话。考查时态。根据“Ican’thearyouclearly”可知因为正在看球赛，所以没有听清对方所说的话，故此处用现在进行时am/is/aredoing。故选C。8．C【详解】句意：——下周是谁将会谈论关于美国乡村音乐的发展？——我建议布拉德。他从小住在乡村音乐之都——纳什维尔。考查现在完成时。根据“sincehewasachild.”可知，这里应用现在完成时。故选C。9．D【详解】句意：——汽车发动不了。我怎么办呢？——别担心。汤姆和我会推它的。考查动词时态。根据“Thecarwillnotstart.WhatcanIdo?”可知“汤姆和我会去推车”，应用一般将来时，其结构为willdo。故选D。10．C【详解】句意：有些学生在那边打太极。让我们去加入他们吧。考查时态。根据“Let’sgoandjointhem.”可知他们正在打太极，可以去加入他们，故时态用现在进行时（am/is/aredoing）。故选C。11．C【详解】句意：这个村子每天为60岁以上的老人免费提供早餐。考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语Breakfast是动作provide的承受者，结合“everyday”可知，是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。12．B【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“onApril27th,2023”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。13．D【详解】句意：——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗？——大家都希望他这样，但他把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.”可知，期望的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，beexpectedtodosth“被期望做某事”，固定短语，故选D。14．B【详解】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。考查动词的语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。15．D【详解】句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“nextweek”可知句子应用一般将来时，主语Somephotosofthemoon与动词show存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：willbe+过去分词。故选D。16．D【详解】句意：后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药，然后逄蒙想偷走它。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语HouYi与谓语动词give是被动关系，又根据“thenPangMengtriedtostealit”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选D。17．D【详解】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。考查时态和语态。since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers”，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（weredone）。故选D。18．D【详解】句意：第十八届中国国际酒类博览会于2023年4月13日至4月16日在泸州举行。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“The18thChinaInternationalAlcoholicDrinksExpo(CIADE)…inLuzhoufromApril13thtoApril16th,2023.”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，表示一段时间内的状态，主语和动词hold之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态“has/havebeendone”。故选D。19．A【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“intwodays”可知，用一般将来时“willdo”，排除B；分析“Hewon’t,unlesshe...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“isdone”，故选A。20．B【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人学习汉语。考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。二、用单词的适当形式填空。【参考答案】21．protect22．strong23．hold24．takeoff25．business【解析】21．句意：古代皇帝修建长城是为了保护他们的国土。根据“TheancientemperorsbuilttheGreatWallto...theirpartofthecountry.”可知修建长城是为了保护国土，protect“保护”，不定式to后加动词原形。故填protect。22．句意：当我看到动物们变得越来越好时，我有一种强烈的满足感。根据“a...feelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetter.”及所给单词，strong“强烈的”，修饰feeling，符合语境。故填strong。23．句意：故乡是拥有所有美好童年记忆的地方。根据“Hometownsaretheplacesthat...allthebestchildhoodmemories.”可知家乡是拥有美好记忆的地方，hold“持有”，此处是一般现在时，主语that指代名词复数places，谓语动词使用原形即可。故填hold。24．句意：在许多国家，握手前应该摘下手套。根据“youshould...yourglovesbeforeshakinghands.”可知应该是脱下手套再握手，takeoff“脱下”，情态动词should后加动词原形。故填takeoff。25．句意：李欣创办了一家公司，用旧汽车的材料制作美丽的艺术品。根据“setupa...tomakebeautifulartworksbyusingmaterialsfromoldcars.”及所给单词，可知是创办了一家公司，business“公司，商业”，符合语境。故填business。知识小结一、完形填空。1．B2．A3．C4．D5．A6．B7．D8．C9．A10．D【导语】本文主要讲述了作者重读了《汤姆·索亚历险记》，并从汤姆·索亚那里学到了一个重要的教训，就是抱怨是没有用的。1．句意：即使我现在是一个成年人，这本书仍然是我的最爱之一。just只；still仍然；even甚至；hardly几乎不。根据“EvenifIamanadultnow,thebookis...oneofmyfavorites.”可知，此处是指，即使成年后，这本书仍然是作者的最爱之一。故选B。2．句意：最近重读了这本书后，我从汤姆·索亚身上学到了一个重要的教训。learned学习；taught教；given给；attended出席。根据“Ihave...animportantlessonfromTomSawyer.”可知，应是从中学到了一个重要的教训。故选A。3．句意：在我们的日常生活中，我们经常被赋予一些无聊或累人的任务。stories故事；words言语；tasks任务；lessons课。根据后文“TomSawyer,however,hadadifferentthoughtwhenhewasgivenaboringtask.”可知，指被赋予任务，故选C。4．句意：当你妈妈让你做家务时，你怎么想？trusts信任；allows允许；helps帮助；asks让。根据“What’sinyourmindwhenyourmother...youtodosomechores?”可知，妈妈让你做家务，故选D。5．句意：一天，波莉姨妈让汤姆给篱笆刷漆。paint涂；repair修理；examine检查；cross通过。根据后文“paintthefence”可知，是给篱笆刷漆，故选A。6．句意：汤姆没有抱怨，而是告诉本，他对这项任务感到“兴奋”。bored无聊的；excited兴奋的；unexpected想不到的；disappointed失望的。根据“Onlyoneinathousand—maybeeventwothousand—boyscandothis!”和“Tom’swordsmadeBeninterestedinthetask.”可知，汤姆让觉得这项任务令人兴奋，故选B。7．句意：他甚至把自己的苹果给了汤姆，好让他有机会粉刷栅栏。method方法；hobby爱好；dream梦想；chance机会。根据“HeevengaveTomhisapplesothathecouldhavea...topaintthefence.”可知，用苹果换一次粉刷篱笆的机会，故选D。8．句意：如果汤姆满脑子都是抱怨的话，他粉刷栅栏的那一天就会过得很糟糕。everything每件事；anything任何事；nothing无事；something某事。根据“IfTomhadthoughtabout...butcomplaining,hewouldhavehadabaddaypaintingthefence.”可知，此处指什么都不想只抱怨的话会过得很糟糕。故选C。9．句意：这个故事给我上了宝贵的一课：抱怨是没有用的。useless无用的；endless无尽的；powerful有力量的；wonderful极好的。根据“Complainingis...”和“Thenexttimeyouaregivenaboringortiringtask,don’tcomplain”可知，抱怨是没有用的。故选A。10．句意：所以，不要抱怨，你会感觉更好，甚至可能做得更好！if如果；or或