Unit1 Science and scientists Reading and thinking 课件高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册-1

1.wheredoyouthinkthisphotowastaken?2.Whatarethestudentsdoinginthephoto?Itmaybetakeninachemistrylaboratory.Twogirlstudentsareconductinganexperiment.Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,creativeimaginationandmarks

realadvanceinscience.―AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。―阿尔伯特

∙爱因斯坦

利奥波德∙英费尔德OpeningpageLeadin

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?takenucleicacidtestsgetvaccinatedPositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.做核酸检测接种疫苗Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics(流行病)doyouknow?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria（疟疾）plague（鼠疫）Ebola(埃博拉)CholeraItbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Thevictimsdiedveryquicklyfromalossofliquid(缺水)afterseverevomiting(呕吐)anddiarrhoea(腹泻).TheStoryofCholeraPredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Accordingtothetitle,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analyzetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodStagesofScientificResearchWhile-readingActivity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Activity2:SkimthetexttoseeiftheorderyoudecidedinPredictionwascorrect.Activity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3While-readingPara1Who&What?JohnSnowCholeraa______________________doctorbecame__________________________________________onceandforallBritish,youngandfamous_____________QueenVictoriaattendedtofrustratedlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraoneof__________________deseases_________________________________millionsofpeople__________thediseaseintheearly19thcenturythemostfeareddiarrhoea,dehydrationandevendeathdiedfromcausessevereneverResearch

backgroundWhile-readingPara21.Whatproblemdidthetwotheoriestrytosolve?ToexplainhowCholeraspread.2.WhatwerethetwotheoriesandwhichdidJohnSnowagreewith?TwocontradictorytheoriesTheoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______badairgermsSnowsubscribedto

thesecondtheory.✔problemFindaproblem→AskaquestionIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionPara.3Thinkofamethod→CollectdatamarkingonamapWhichhouseshadmorethan4deathsinBroadStreet?WhichhouseshadnodeathinBroadStreet?Anyotherevidence?Whatresultdidheget?Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafterdrinkingwaterfromthepump.JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.JohnSnowhadthehandleofthepumpremoved.Thediseasewasstopped.Snowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter__________________________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesWatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.WatercompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste,causingpeoplewhodrankthiswatertogetcholera.SummaryFindaproblem:Whatcausedacholera?Askaquestion：Whichtheoryisright?Thinkofamethod：Gatheredevidence,analyzedtheresultsandremovedthehandleofthepump.Drawaconclusion:Thetruthwasthatpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Takemeasures:Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofthediseasedecreased.Thestagesofscientificresearch

JohnSnowwas1.___well-knowndoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertohelppeople2._________

(infect)withit.In1854whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,he3.______

(begin)togatherinformation4.____________

(immediate).Hemarkedonamap5.______allthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewho6.__________(drink)thedirtywater7._____thepumpdied.Soheannouncedthatthepumpwater8.________

(carry)choleragerms.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9._____________________(examine)andnewmethodsof10.________

(deal)withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.a

infected

began

immediately

wherehaddrunkfromcarried(should)beexamineddealing课文语法填空Post-readingPost-readingInordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife.Drinkboiledwater.Remembertowearamaskwhengoingout.Heatthefoodleftovernight.Washyourhandsoften.Cookrawfoodthoroughly.Dealwithrubbishtimelyandproperly.GroupdiscussionWhatspiritscanwelearnfromascientistlikeJohnSnow?ambitiousdeterminedconfidenthard-workingstrictpatientCholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.宾语从句Para1同位语“过去常常做...”“令人恐惧的”定语从句“变得沮丧”“最终”“升迁”rise-rose-risen“照顾；照料”thedesiretodo“做...的愿望”JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”句式分析：句中"howtopreventortreatcholera"为“特殊疑问句的不定式的结构，作动词knew的宾语。Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词：who,what,which等和疑问副词how,when,where等。语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等（作主语时，谓语动词常用单数）。通常在tell,know,understand,explain,teach,learn,discuss等动词后面。

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.Para2“一般说来”宾语从句后置定语表语从句表语从句“同意;赞同”“袭击；攻击”ahitsongIthitssbthat...很火/热门歌曲“如此...以至于”，结果状语从句宾语从句“下定决心干某事”“因此”某人突然想到JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Hewassofoolishthatheacceptedherinvitation.TheywalkedsofastthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.【翻译】她如此兴奋，以至于忍不住蹦蹦跳跳他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。他们走的那么快，我没法跟上他们。Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn'thelpjumpingupanddown.读后续写常用倒装句型So+adj.+谓+主+that从句：Soexcitedwasshethatshecouldn'thelpjumpingupanddown.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Para3by+doing“通过...方式”定语从句“因而”，连接两个并列的谓语宾语从句JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthat

thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremoved

sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.Para3表语从句“似乎...”“havesthdone”宾语从句“因此”目的状语从句JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”havemyhaircuthavemywalletstolen【语境应用】完成句子。1)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph__________(take).我需要一个新护照，所以我得去让人给我照相。2)You’dbetterhavetheoldfurniture__________(remove)outoftheroom.你最好找人把这些旧家具从房间里搬出去。takenremovedThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswater

weremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrank