河北省部分校高二上学期期中联考英语试卷（含答案解析）

2024年秋季高二期中联考英语本试题卷共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WheredoesAnnawork?A.Atatheater.B.Atabank.C.Atarestaurant.2.WhatwillthemandonextMonday?A.Callthewoman.B.Attendaparty.C.Takecareofhismother.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Heisdoinghishomework.B.Heisreadingsomebooks.C.Heisworkingonhisproject.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onabeach.B.Atahotel.C.Inacastle.5.Whatarethespeakerstakingabout?A.Anexam.B.Amatch.C.Alecture.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheman'sreactiontothewoman'sideaatfirst?A.Excitement.B.Disbelief.C.Surprise.7.Whydoesthewomansuggesttravelingabroadthisyear?A.Tovisithersister.B.Toattendawedding.C.Tomarkanevent.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatwasthemainchallengeduringtheschoolsportsday?A.Lackofvolunteers.B.Theweatherconditions.C.Thestudents'performance.9.Howdoestheheadteacherfeelaboutherstudents'work?A.Disappointed.B.Happy.C.Dissatisfied.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhoisgoingtoplaytheroleofJulietintheschoolplay?A.Zoe.B.Tim.C.Kevin.11.Whatwillthemando?A.TalktoMissRose.B.HelpTimgetthepart.C.ComfortTim.12.WhatdoweknowaboutTim?A.Hemissedthetryout.B.Heacceptedanotherpart.C.Herefusedtobeintheplay.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheoriginalbookoftheactionfilm?A.Surprising.B.Interesting.C.Average.14.Whydidthemanmisslastweek'sfilm?A.Hewentshopping.B.Hewenttoschool.C.Hehadnointerestinit.15.Whatissaidaboutlastweek'sfilm?A.ItissetinIndia.B.Itfeaturesadetective.C.Ithasexcellentcharacters.16.Whatdoesthemandislikeaboutthecrimeseries?A.Theplot.B.Thespecialeffects.C.Thecharacter.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhomdidthespeakerlearnGreekfrom?A.Hergrandmother.B.Hermother.C.Herteacher.18.Whichlanguagedidthespeakermention?A.Spanish.B.Japanese.C.English.19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkishardinlearningRussianwords?A.Pronouncingthem.B.Memorizingthem.C.Spellingthem.20.Howdothevideosonlinebenefitthespeaker?A.Theyprovideherwithmoreaccesstotechnology.B.Theyprovideherwithmoreaccesstoentertainment.C.Theyprovideherwithmoreaccesstodifferentcultures.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AStartajourneyandexploretheuniquecharmofGreekislands,eachofwhichhasitsowndistinctcharacter.Chooseyourownadventureanddiscoverthemyourself.NisyrosInGreekmythology(神话)itwasPoseidonwhograbbedapieceofKosandthrewitontoaTitan,resultingintheformationofNisyros,avolcanicisland.VisitorscanvisitthevolcanoinadayfromKos.Anddon’tmissLoutra’shotspringandEmporios’highvillagewitholdbuildingsandgreatviewsofthevolcano.SamothrakiSamothrakiisasmallislandwitharichmythologicalhistory.PoseidonissaidtohavewatchedtheTrojanWarfromMountFengari,theisland’shighestpeak.Inancienttimes,peoplecamefromeverywheretovisittheSanctuaryoftheGreatGodsforspecialceremonies.EvenfamouspeoplelikePhilipⅡofMacedoncamehere.Afterexploringtheruins,visitorscanrelaxinThermavillage,knownforitshotspringsandpicturesquewaterfalls.SkiathosSkiathosisalivelyislandknownforits62beaches.KoukounariesandVromolimnosareperfectforwateractivities,whileAselinosisquieterwithfewerplacestoeat.EnjoythestunningLalariabeachandtherelaxedKechriawithsunbedsunderolivetrees.SifnosSifnosisthebirthplaceofNikolaosTselementes,thefatherofmodernGreekcuisine.Enjoylocalspecialtieslikechickpeastewsandbraisedlambmastelo.LearnislandrecipesatNarlisFarm,knownfororganicproducegrownusingtraditionalmethods.ExplorethepicturesquevillagesofApollonia,Artemonas,andKastro,sandybeacheswithseasidechurches,andsceniclandscapeswithchapelsandhikingtrails.1.WhatdoNisyrosandSamothrakihaveincommon?A.Theybothhaveafamousvolcano. B.Theybothhavehotsprings.C.Theybothhavepicturesquewaterfalls. D.Theybothhavesandybeaches.2.Whichislandistheheavenforfoodlovers?A.Nisyros. B.Samothraki. C.Skiathos. D.Sifnos.3.Whereisthetextmostlikelytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Ahistorytextbook.C.Amythologybook. D.ACookingmagazine.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个希腊美丽岛屿，游客可尽情享受美景美食。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Nisyros下的“Anddon’tmissLoutra’shotspringandEmporios’highvillagewitholdbuildingsandgreatviewsofthevolcano.(不要错过Loutra的温泉和Emporios的高地村庄，那里有古老的建筑和火山的美景)”以及Samothraki下的“Afterexploringtheruins,visitorscanrelaxinThermavillage,knownforitshotspringsandpicturesquewaterfalls.(在探索了废墟之后，游客可以在以温泉和风景如画的瀑布而闻名的Therma村放松一下)”可知，二者都有温泉。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Sifnos下“SifnosisthebirthplaceofNikolaosTselementes,thefatherofmodernGreekcuisine.Enjoylocalspecialtieslikechickpeastewsandbraisedlambmastelo.(Sifnos是现代希腊美食之父尼古拉斯·特塞拉门特斯的诞生地。享受当地的特色菜，如鹰嘴豆炖和炖羊肉)”可知，Sifnos是美食天堂。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“StartajourneyandexploretheuniquecharmofGreekislands,eachofwhichhasitsowndistinctcharacter.Chooseyourownadventureanddiscoverthemyourself.(开始一段旅程，探索希腊岛屿的独特魅力，每个岛屿都有自己独特的性格。选择你自己的冒险，自己去发现它们)”可知，本文介绍希腊美丽岛屿，所以这篇文章最有可能取自一本旅游手册。故选A项。BLocatedinthehillsofZhenfengcountyinGuizhouprovince’sQianxinanBouyeiandMiaoautonomousprefecture,YanyuvillageoffersagoodglimpseintotherichculturalheritageoftheBouyeitribe.Aspartofmyjourneywiththe2024ChinaStorytellersPartnershiptour,Iimmersedmyselfintheirage-oldtraditions.Duringmyvisit,Iwaswarmlywelcomedbytheentirecommunity,whogreeteduswithdragondancesandlargeamountsofricewine.Butwhatreallyimpressedmewasthevillage’sownstyleoftie-dyeing(扎染),reflectingthetribe’sdeepconnectionwithnatureandcommunity.Afterwitnessingthevillagersdyeingbannersforthecelebration,Irushedformysuitcase,eagertoapplytheirarttomyclothes!Theydemonstratedthisthoroughprocessusingnaturaldyesgotfromplantsandminerals(矿物),skilfullytransformingplainfabric(布料)intobeautiful,mixeddesignsthattelluniquestories.Eachpieceisnotjustagarmentbutacanvasofhistoryandidentity.ThematerialsusedarealsoessentialcomponentsoftraditionalChinesemedicine.AsIwatchedthemwork,theysharedtalesoftheirancestorsandthesignificanceoftheircraft.Emphasizingsustainability,theyhighlightedtheimportanceofpreservingancienttechniquesinthefaceofmodernization.Iwasinitiallyhesitantaboutthisdeeplycoloreddye,butthevillagersensuredI’dhaveperfectlybrightbluedesigns.Theexperiencewasnotmerelyaboutfashion;itwasacelebrationofcultureandcreativitydeeplyrootedintheBouyeiwayoflife.Astourismgrows,YanyuvillageremainsashiningexampleofhowculturalheritagecanattractvisitorswhilefosteringrespectandappreciationforthetraditionsthatcontinuetoboominmodernChina.4.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhistourtoYanyuvillage?A.Itisimpressive. B.Itisadventurous.C.Itisboring. D.Itisastonishing.5.Tie-dyeingisakindoftraditionalcraft________.A.thatuseshightechnology.B.thatisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.thattellssomesimilarstories.D.thatisperfectlycombinedwiththemodernartcrafts.6.WhatdidthepeopleinYanyuvillagevaluethemost?A.Thepromotionoflocaltourism.B.Theprotectionoftraditionalcraft.C.Themodernizationoftraditionalskills.D.Theimprovementoflivingconditionsofthevillagers.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowustheprocessoftie-dyeing.B.TopromotethetourisminYanyuvillage.C.Totellusanage-oldandwell-protectedtradition—tie-dyeing.D.Tosharewithushisadviceontraditionaltie-dyeinginYanyuvillage.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在贵州黔西南布依族苗族自治州贞丰县岩鱼村体验到的扎染工艺及其文化价值，展示了当地居民对传统文化的保护和传承。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butwhatreallyimpressedmewasthevillage'sownstyleoftie-dyeing,reflectingthetribe'sdeepconnectionwithnatureandcommunity.(但真正让我印象深刻的是这个村庄独特的扎染工艺，这反映了部落与自然和社区的深厚联系)”可知，这个村庄的扎染风格给作者留下了印象深刻，故作者认为去岩鱼村的旅行经历是让人印象深刻的。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theydemonstratedthisthoroughprocessusingnaturaldyesgotfromplantsandminerals,skilfullytransformingplainfabricintobeautiful,mixeddesignsthattelluniquestories.(他们展示了这一细致的过程，使用从植物和矿物中提取的天然染料，巧妙地将普通的布料转变为美丽的、混合的设计图案，讲述着独特的故事)”可知，村民们用从植物和矿物中提取的天然染料演示了扎染过程，扎染是一种环保的传统工艺。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Emphasizingsustainability,theyhighlightedtheimportanceofpreservingancienttechniquesinthefaceofmodernization.(他们强调可持续性，强调在现代化面前保护古代技术的重要性)”可知，村民们强调在现代化面前保存古老技艺的重要性，即村民们重视对传统工艺的保护。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者在贵州黔西南布依族苗族自治州贞丰县岩鱼村体验到的扎染工艺及其文化价值，展示了当地居民对传统文化的保护和传承，故作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们一个古老而受到良好保护的传统艺术——扎染。故选C。CManypeopleassumetoday’seasylong-distancecollaboration(合作)shouldproduceanunmatchedfloodofinnovativescientificresearch-but,oddly,anewstudysuggeststheoppositemaybetrue.Thestudy,conductedbyUniversityofPittsburghsocialscientistLingfeiWuandhiscolleagues,suggeststhatremotecollaborationmay,infact,limitdisruptive(创新的)discoveries.Theresearchersanalyzed20millionresearchpapersoverseveraldecades,scoringthemontheir“disruptiveness”,orhowmuchtheygobeyondearlierworkandleadtonewpathsofresearch.Thefindingsshowthatasthephysicaldistancebetweencollaboratorsincreasesto600kilometersormore,thelikelihoodoftheirresearchbeingdisruptivedeclinesbyabout25%.Thistrendholdsacrossdifferentfields,teamsizes,andtimeperiods.Wu’steamalsofoundthatresearchersworkingtogetherinpersonweremorelikelytoengageinconceptualtasks,whicharemorelikelytofosterdisruptiveideas,whileremotecollaboratorsfocusedmoreontechnicaltaskslikedataanalysis.Additionally,thestudyrevealedthatin-personcollaborationbetterintegratedjuniorresearchersintoconceptualwork,fosteringnewtalent.Incontrast,remotecollaborationledtolessidea-sharing,particularlywhentherewasalargegapinsenioritybetweencollaborators.Thisfinding,accordingtoUniversityofArizonasociologistErinLeahey,highlightstheimportanceofface-to-faceinteractionsinfosteringnewideasandguidingyoungresearchers.Thefindingschallengetheassumptionthatmerelyconnectingpeopleonlineleadstothegrowthofnewideas.“There’ssomethingmissinginthisapproach,”Wusays.Intheory,remotecollaborationenablesmorenewcombinationsofknowledge—butWubelievesitalsomakesithardertoputthepiecestogether.“Ifyouwanttoencourageground-breakinginnovation,you’vegottobringpeopletogether,”hesays.“Youcannotjustrelyondigitalsystem.”8.HowdidWu’steamevaluatetheresearchpapers?A.Byexaminingthepublicationyears.B.Byassessingthecollaborationapproaches.C.Byscoringthecollaborationlevels.D.Byanalyzingthecontributionstonewresearch.9.Whatactivityarein-personcollaboratorsmorelikelytoparticipatein?A.Developinginnovativeconcepts. B.Conductingdataanalysis.C.Reviewingpastresearch. D.Preparingresearchreports.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutface-to-faceinteractionsinresearchcollaboration?A.Theyarelessimportantforjuniorresearchers.B.Theyreducetherelianceondigitalcommunicationtools.C.Theyhelpgeneratenewideasandinstructjuniorresearchers.D.Theyprimarilyenhancetechnicalskillsanddataanalysis.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitalsystemsareessentialandreliableforinnovation.B.In-personcollaborationdrivesmoreresearchinnovation.C.In-personcollaborationcansupportjuniorresearchersbetter.D.Combinationofremoteandin-personcollaborationbringsinnovation.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过一项新研究表明，远程合作可能限制科研创新，而面对面合作更利于开展概念性任务、培养新人及促进思想分享，强调了面对面合作在科研创新中的重要性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theresearchersanalyzed20millionresearchpapersoverseveraldecades,scoringthemontheir“disruptiveness”,orhowmuchtheygobeyondearlierworkandleadtonewpathsofresearch.(研究人员分析了几十年来的2000万篇研究论文，并对它们的“破坏性”进行了评分，即它们在多大程度上超越了早期的工作，并引领了新的研究道路。)”可知，Wu的团队是通过分析研究论文对新研究的贡献来评估这些论文的。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wu’steamalsofoundthatresearchersworkingtogetherinpersonweremorelikelytoengageinconceptualtasks,whicharemorelikelytofosterdisruptiveideas,whileremotecollaboratorsfocusedmoreontechnicaltaskslikedataanalysis.(Wu的团队还发现，面对面合作的研究人员更有可能参与概念性任务，这更有可能产生颠覆性的想法，而远程合作者则更专注于数据分析等技术任务。)”可知，现场合作的研究人员更有可能参与发展创新概念的活动。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thisfinding,accordingtoUniversityofArizonasociologistErinLeahey,highlightstheimportanceofface-to-faceinteractionsinfosteringnewideasandguidingyoungresearchers.(亚利桑那大学社会学家艾琳·利希认为，这一发现强调了面对面交流在培养新思想和指导年轻研究人员方面的重要性。)”可推断出面对面互动在激发新想法和指导新人方面至关重要。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Thestudy,conductedbyUniversityofPittsburghsocialscientistLingfeiWuandhiscolleagues,suggeststhatremotecollaborationmay,infact,limitdisruptive(创新的)discoveries.(这项由匹兹堡大学社会科学家吴凌飞和他的同事进行的研究表明，远程合作实际上可能会限制破坏性的发现。)”和第三段提到现场合作更易让人参与概念性任务和产生创新想法，及第四段提到现场合作有利于培养新人才等可知，文章主要观点是现场合作能推动更多的研究创新。故选B。DTheworldwasastonishedonWednesdaywhenhalfoftheNobelPrizeinchemistrywenttoUSscientistDavidBakerfor“computationalproteindesign”andtheotherhalftoDemisHassabisandJohnM.JumperinLondonfor“proteinstructureprediction”.Thereisnodoubtthattheyhavemadeamazingbreakthroughs.TheNobelPrizecommitteeremarkedthat“theycrackedthecodeforproteins’amazingstructures”.WhatattractedglobalattentionisthefactthatbothHassabisandJumpercomefromGoogleDeepMind,whichspecializesinartificialintelligence,andtheycreatedanAImodelthatfundamentallychangesthewaytostudyaprotein’sstructure.It’snotablethattheAImodelHassabisandJumperdevelopediscentraltounderstandingthestructureofproteins,inwhichaminoacids(氨基酸)arelinkedtogetherinlongchainsandthenfoldinamannerthatplaysadecisiveroleinitsfunctioning.Sincethe1970s,researchershavebeentryingtopredictproteinstructuresfromtheiraminoacidsequences(序列)soastogainadeeperunderstandingoftheirfunctions,forwhichtheyevenlaunchedCriticalAssessmentofStructurePrediction,whichconductscommunityexperimentsinthisregard.Forlongtheaccuracyrateofpredictionswasjustabout40percent,farbelowtherequired90percent.ItwasnotuntilHassabisandJumperdevelopedtheAImodelAlphaFoldthattheratereached60percent,whichhassincegotbetterwithAlphaFold2.Byunderstandingthethree-dimensional(三维的)structureofaprotein,scientistscaninferitsroleandhowitinteractswithothermolecules(分子),helpingstudydiseasesanddevelopnewdrugs.Besides,predictingproteinstructureshelpsinbettercomprehendingtheoriginsoflife,whichislinkedtotheNobelPrizeinphysiologythatwenttoresearchesinmRNA.AllthesedatebacktoHassabisandJumper’sAlphaFoldmodeldevelopeddecadesago.Clearly,AIhashelpedmankindbymakingendlesscomputationsacakewalk,intheprocessquickeningstudiesoftheproteinstructure.Thescientistswhodevelopeditdeservetheprizeasmorescientistswillnowbeencouragedtostudyit.12.WhatastonishedtheworldwhenHassabisandJumperwontheNobelPrizeinchemistry?A.Theirnotcomingfromachemistry-focusedcompany.B.TheirconsistentcooperationintheAIfield.C.TheirattemptsatsolvingsomeAIproblems.D.Theircontributionstocomputationalproteindesign.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cracked”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Doubted. B.Lost. C.Defended. D.Broke.14.WiththeAImodeldevelopedbyHassabisandJumperscientistscan________.A.studydiseasesanddevelopnewdrugsB.conductcommunityexperimentsinthelabC.predicttheprotein’sstructuremorepreciselyD.havemoretimetobettercomprehendtheoriginsoflife15.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.AImodelswon’thelpmakeendlesscomputationsacakewalk.B.Scientistshaveunderstoodthethree-dimensionalstructureofaprotein.C.Thestructureofaproteininteractswithothermoleculesinanactiveway.D.Humanbeings’healthwillbeimprovedwithscientists’continuousefforts.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔化学奖得主在蛋白质结构预测领域的突破，尤其是AlphaFold模型的贡献。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheworldwasastonishedonWednesdaywhenhalfoftheNobelPrizeinchemistrywenttoUSscientistDavidBakerfor“computationalproteindesign”andtheotherhalftoDemisHassabisandJohnM.JumperinLondonfor“proteinstructureprediction”.(周三，当一半的诺贝尔化学奖授予了美国科学家DavidBaker，以表彰其在“计算蛋白质设计”方面的成就，另一半则授予了伦敦的DemisHassabis和JohnM.Jumper，以表彰他们在“蛋白质结构预测”方面的工作时，世界为之震惊。)”和第二段中的“WhatattractedglobalattentionisthefactthatbothHassabisandJumpercomefromGoogleDeepMind,whichspecializesinartificialintelligence,andtheycreatedanAImodelthatfundamentallychangesthewaytostudyaprotein’sstructure.(引起全球关注的是，Hassabis和Jumper均来自专注于人工智能的谷歌DeepMind，他们创造的人工智能模型从根本上改变了研究蛋白质结构的方式。)”可知，Hassabis和Jumper都来自人工智能领域的谷歌旗下的DeepMind公司，不是来自一家专注于化学的公司，这一事实引起了全球的关注。故选A。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Thereisnodoubtthattheyhavemadeamazingbreakthroughs.TheNobelPrizecommitteeremarkedthat“theycrackedthecodeforproteins’amazingstructures”.(毫无疑问，他们取得了惊人的突破。诺贝尔奖委员会评论说，“他们cracked蛋白质惊人结构的密码”。)”可知，Hassabis和Jumper取得了惊人的突破，破解了蛋白质结构的密码。cracked意为“破解”。A.Doubted怀疑；B.Lost丢失；C.Defended防守；D.Broke破解。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Forlongtheaccuracyrateofpredictionswasjustabout40percent,farbelowtherequired90percent.ItwasnotuntilHassabisandJumperdevelopedtheAImodelAlphaFoldthattheratereached60percent,whichhassincegotbetterwithAlphaFold2.(长期以来，预测的准确率仅为约40%，远低于所需的90%。直到Hassabis和Jumper开发出人工智能模型AlphaFold，准确率才达到了60%，随着AlphaFold2的推出，这一数字进一步提升。)”可知，借助Hassabis和Jumper开发的AI模型，科学家们可以更精确地预测蛋白质的结构。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Byunderstandingthethree-dimensional(三维的)structureofaprotein,scientistscaninferitsroleandhowitinteractswithothermolecules(分子),helpingstudydiseasesanddevelopnewdrugs.(通过了解蛋白质的三维结构，科学家可以推断出它的作用以及它如何与其他分子相互作用，从而帮助研究疾病和开发新药。)”和最后一段中“Clearly,AIhashelpedmankindbymakingendlesscomputationsacakewalk,intheprocessquickeningstudiesoftheproteinstructure.(显然，人工智能帮助了人类，使无穷无尽的计算变得轻而易举，在这个过程中加快了对蛋白质结构的研究。)”可知，这有助于帮助研究疾病和开发新药。由此可推知，随着科学家的不断努力，人类的健康将会得到改善。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nightmares(梦魇)canbeextremelyunpleasant,causingfearandanxietyandaffectingthequalityofyoursleep,whichcanleadtophysicaltiredness,mentalstress,andexcessivedaytimesleepiness(EDS).___16___.Alotofpeopleassociatenightmareswithchildren,believingtheyaresomethingtheygrowoutof.Yetitisnotuncommonforadultsandteenstoexperiencenightmaresaswell.Infact,___17___,while2%to8%oftheadultpopulationsuffersfromlong-termorrecurring(反复发生的)nightmares.___18___,soyouwillusuallyexperiencethemintheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyareexperiencedasfrighteningordisturbingdreamswhichseemvividlyrealastheyoccur.Peoplewhohaveexperiencedapainfuleventtendtorelivethateventintheirnightmare.___19___,dependingontheirownsufferings.Althoughnightmaresinadultsoftenhappennaturallywithnoseriouscause,sometimesnightmareswillbetheresultofpsychologicalconditionssuchasanxiety,depressionorpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).___20___,whichcanbearesultofexcessivepsychologicalstress.A.NightmarescanhappenatanytimeduringsleepB.manyteenagersexperiencenightmaresnowadaysC.SothecontentsofthedreamsoftenvaryfrompersontopersonD.oneineverytwoadultswillexperiencenightmaresoccasionallyE.Toavoidthis,itisimportantforustoknowmoreaboutnightmaresF.NightmarestendtooccurduringRapidEyeMovement(REM)sleepG.Adultsoftenreporthavingnightmaresaboutbeingchasedorfallingfromaheight【答案】16.E17.D18.F19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。梦魇会带来恐惧、焦虑、精神压力等一系列问题，文章从梦魇的发生群体、发生时间、可能的成因等几个方面进行介绍，帮助人们更全面地了解梦魇。【16题详解】根据前文“Nightmares(梦魇)canbeextremelyunpleasant,causingfearandanxietyandaffectingthequalityofyoursleep,whichcanleadtophysicaltiredness,mentalstress,andexcessivedaytimesleepiness(EDS).(噩梦可能是非常不愉快的，引起恐惧和焦虑，影响你的睡眠质量，这可能导致身体疲劳，精神压力，和白天过度嗜睡（EDS）)”可知，此处提出本篇话题为梦魇，并指出梦魇会给人带来焦虑、身体疲惫、精神压力等问题，接下来的四个段落分别就梦魇发生的群体、发生时间及可能的成因进行介绍。结合上下文可知，空处应该承上启下。E项“Toavoidthis,itisimportantforustoknowmoreaboutnightmares(为了避免这种情况，对我们来说，了解更多关于噩梦的知识是很重要的)”很好地衔接了上下文。故选E。【17题详解】根据前文“Yetitisnotuncommonforadultsandteenstoexperiencenightmaresaswell.(然而，成年人和青少年做噩梦也并不罕见)”以及后文“while2%to8%oftheadultpopulationsuffersfromlong-termorrecurring(反复发生的)nightmares.(而2%到8%的成年人长期或反复做噩梦)”可知，前句提出成年人和青少年也经常经历梦魇。并且在下文中用真实数据印证这一点，所以D项“oneineverytwoadultswillexperiencenightmaresoccasionally(每两个成年人中就有一个偶尔会做噩梦)”符合while前后对比的用法，也印证前文观点。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“soyouwillusuallyexperiencethemintheearlyhoursofthemorning.(所以你通常会在凌晨经历噩梦)”中的“experiencethem”指的是经历梦魇，因此空处应该有them指代的nightmares，并且下文指出通常会在清晨经历梦魇。根据so的逻辑关系可知，F项“NightmarestendtooccurduringRapidEyeMovement(REM)sleep(噩梦往往发生在快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间)”符合上下文。故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Peoplewhohaveexperiencedapainfuleventtendtorelivethateventintheirnightmare.(经历过痛苦事件的人往往会在噩梦中重温那件事)”再结合下文“dependingontheirownsufferings.(取决于他们各自的痛苦经历)”可知，设空处指的是经历过苦难的人们梦魇中重现的经历各不相同。C项“Sothecontentsofthedreamsoftenvaryfrompersontoperson(所以梦的内容往往因人而异)”符合上下文。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Althoughnightmaresinadultsoftenhappennaturallywithnoseriouscause,sometimesnightmareswillbetheresultofpsychologicalconditionssuchasanxiety,depressionorpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).(虽然成年人的噩梦通常是自然发生的，没有严重的原因，但有时噩梦会是心理状况的结果，如焦虑、抑郁或创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）)”可知，此处指出成年人的梦魇可能是心理状况的结果，再根据后文“whichcanbearesultofexcessivepsychologicalstress.(这可能是过度心理压力的结果)”可知，设空处应该为过多心理压力带来的某种结果。G选项“Adultsoftenreporthavingnightmaresaboutbeingchasedorfallingfromaheight(成年人经常做噩梦，梦见被追赶或从高处坠落)”符合上下文。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Annieleanedagainstherlocker,frustrated.Theschoolyearwasn’tgoingasexpected,andwhathappenedthatmorningonlybroughtmore___21___.Onthefirstdayofschool,Anniegotupearlyandrushedtohercloset,butshewas___22___tofindtheskirtwasgone.Shesearchedeverywhere.However,itwasnowheretobefound.Herheart___23___.Afterall,shehadspentallsummerbabysittingto___24___theperfectskirtandtop.Thingsgotpuzzlinglateratschool.Shesawanewgirl,Kristen,___25___theexactsameskirt.Afterschool,AnnieandKristenwalkedhometogether.Anniecouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheskirt.Finally,shegatheredthe___26___toask,“Wheredidyougetyourskirt,Kristen?”Kristen___27___andthensaidthathermomhadfounditatGoodwill,withthetagsstill___28___.Sheexplainedherfamilyhadbeenstrugglingsinceherdadlosthisjob,andhermomsawtheskirtasa___29___.Justthen,apicturecametoAnnie’smind.Thedaybeforeschool,Annie’smomdecidedtheyshouldcleanoutoldclothesto____30____toGoodwill.Withoutrealizingit,hermom____31____putthenewskirtinoneofthedonationbags.Annienowfiguredoutwhathadhappened.____32____feelingsad,shewasgladithadbroughtKristenjoy.Smiling,shesaid,“IthinkIhavea____33____thatwouldgogreatwithyourskirt.Wanttocomeover?”Kristen’sface____34____,andsheagreed.Astheywalked,Annielearnedanimportantlesson:sometimes,losingsomethingcouldbringbacksomethingevenmore____35____.Shedidn’thaveherskirtanymore,butshehadgainedanewfriend.Intheend,itwasadayshewouldneverforget.21.A.joy B.anger C.depression D.excitement22.A.delighted B.shocked C.ashamed D.regretful23.A.raced B.beat C.sank D.failed24.A.saveupfor B.standupfor C.makeupfor D.signupfor25.A.displaying B.wearing C.holding D.grabbing26.A.courage B.strength C.curiosity D.confidence27.A.doubted B.wept C.hesitated D.refused28.A.removed B.broken C.lost D.attached29.A.bargain B.product C.burden D.blessing30.A.donate B.sell C.lend D.take31.A.mistakenly B.intentionally C.carefully D.willingly32.A.Before B.Despite C.Beyond D.Throughout33.A.hat B.suit C.scarf D.top34.A.softened B.brightened C.changed D.darkened35.A.expensive B.difficult C.valuable D.useful【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.A25.B26.A27.C28.D29.D30.A31.A32.B33.D34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Annie本打算穿着自己辛苦攒钱买的裙子开启新学年，可开学第一天裙子却不见了。后来她发现新来的Kristen穿着同样的裙子，原来是Annie妈妈误将裙子捐给了Goodwill。得知真相后，Annie虽为裙子丢失感到难过，但她明白这裙子给Kristen带来了快乐，她也因此收获了一位新朋友。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一学年并没有像预期的那样进行，那天早上发生的事情只带来了更多的沮丧。A.joy快乐；B.anger愤怒；C.depression沮丧；D.excitement兴奋。根据上文“Annieleanedagainstherlocker,frustrated.”可知，那天早上发生的事情只带来了更多的沮丧。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开学的第一天，Annie早早起床，冲到衣橱前，却惊讶地发现裙子不见了。A.delighted高兴的；B.shocked震惊的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.regretful后悔的。根据下文“tofindtheskirtwasgone”可知，Annie发现裙子不见了，很震惊。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的心一沉。A.raced赛跑；B.beat打败；C.sank下沉；D.failed失败。根据上文“Shesearchedeverywhere.However,itwasnowheretobefound.”可知，Annie到处找裙子，却没有找到，因此心一沉。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，她整个夏天都在做临时照看孩子的工作，攒钱买最完美的裙子和上衣。A.saveupfor为……存钱；B.standupfor支持；C.makeupfor弥补；D.signupfor报名参加。根据上文“shehadspentallsummerbabysitting”可推知，Annie整个夏天做临时照看孩子的工作的目的是攒钱买衣服。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她看到一个新来的女孩Kristen穿着一模一样的裙子。A.displaying展示；B.wearing穿着；C.holding拿着；D.grabbing抢夺。根据这是在学校的情境，以及下文“theexactsameskirt”可推知，Kristen穿着一模一样的裙子。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，她鼓起勇气问：“Kristen，你裙子是在哪里买的？”A.courage勇气；B.strength力量；C.curiosity好奇心；D.confidence信心。根据上文“Anniecouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheskirt.”可知，Annie一直在想那条裙子，想不明白Kristen怎么会有一模一样的裙子，由此推知，她是鼓起勇气询问Kristen裙子哪里买的。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kristen犹豫了一下，然后说这是她妈妈在Goodwill找到的，标签还附在上面。A.doubted怀疑；B.wept哭泣；C.hesitated犹豫；D.refused拒绝。根据下文“thensaidthathermomhadfounditatGoodwill”可知，裙子是Kristen的妈妈在Goodwill找到的，表明她家经济处境很困难，由此可知，Kristen在回答前会犹豫了一下。故选C。【28