专题14 非谓语动词（知识梳理）

专题14非谓语知识梳理知识梳理非谓语的三种形式 类别结构含义例句现在分词doing主动，进行1)boilingwater正在沸腾的水2)Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere?你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？beingdone被动，进行（正在被做）1)Thehousesbeingbuiltnowarefortheteachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。(not)havingdone主动，完成(否定)1)Havingwaitedforanhour,heleft.等了一个小时后，他离开了。2)Nothavingreceivedareply,hewroteanotherletter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信havingbeendone被动，完成1)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。过去分词done被动，完成1)ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。2)Thehousesbuiltlastyearareverybig.去年建的那些房子很大。表所处的状态或特征1)Devotedtohelpingothers,heisrespected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。2)Interestedinthebook,hewantstobuyit.他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。不定式todo将来，主动1)Ihavemuchworktodo.我有很多工作要做。tobedone将来，被动1)Thehousestobebuiltnextmonthareverybig.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。tohavedone完成，主动使用条件：1）看结构是否需要；2）看是否表达过去或完成之意1)He’ssaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.据说他发明了电话。2)Heissaidtohavebeenpunishedbyhisleader.据说他已经受到了他领导的惩罚。非谓语之不定式的用法非谓语之不定式的用法一、不定式todo1.不定式结构作主语Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百闻不如一见。a.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★区分用法★1)直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。2)如主语和表语都是todo，则只能采用第一种形式。对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.3)如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。如：What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!b.用Itis+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。(1)forsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.(2)ofsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。★小试身手★1)Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。2)对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.3)你能这么说很有礼貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.★真题试炼★1)It’simportant___B__thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplay B.forhimtoplay C.ofhimplaying D.forhimplaying2)It’swrong___A__herlikethat.A.ofyoutotreat B.foryoutotreat C.ofyoutreating D.foryoutreating2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那样做无疑是削足适履。3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)4.不定式结构作定语用法例句及物动词todo出现在名词后面。动宾关系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主谓关系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物动词todo出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.♥Attention♥但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小试身手★1)了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.2)你有什么可以吃的东西吗?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?3)许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.5.不定式结构作状语基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。a.表示目的(1)Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.♥Attention♥(1)inordertodo常置于句首用来强调目的。(2)soasto/so….asto表示目的，不可以置于句首。★小试身手★1)为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.2)为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK3)他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.b.表示结果(1)so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料却……，结果却……不定式之前有时可以加上only或butonly，以加强语气Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小试身手★1)你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.2)她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.♥Attention♥:但是too….to结构前如果出现but,never,only等词时则表示肯定。1)活到老学到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.6.不定式结构作宾语补足语a.非谓语做宾补的用法。结构含义举例see+宾语+do看见（宾语）做……了seehimgototheofficesee+宾语+doing看见（宾语）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+宾语+beingdone看见（宾语）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+宾语+done看见（宾语）被做seehimbittenbyadogb.不定式todo（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。结构例词例句动词+宾语+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示劝请、要求、喜好类Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.c.do做宾补表示“全过程”。动词+宾语+do（省略to）一“感”：feel二“听”：hear/listento三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.非谓语之动名词的用法非谓语之动名词的用法1.动名词结构作主语(a).动名词做主语通常位于句首。Seeingisbelieving.Notfinishingschoolcanaffectyourwholelife.(b).将it放句首做形式主语，把动名词置于句末的常用结构。Itis+awasteoftime/nogood/notanygood/nouse/useless+doingsth.Itisnousetalkingtohimagain.Itisnogood(your)refusingtodoit.★小试身手★_______isanimportantdecisioninaperson’slife.（结婚）______isagainstthelaw.（酒后驾车）_________relaxesmeattheendoftheday.（听古典音乐）跟他聊天就是浪费时间。Itisawasteoftimetalking/chattingwithhim2.动名词结构作表语MyjobisteachingEnglish.★小试身手★他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。________wheelchairsfordisabledpeople.★区分用法★作主语含义例句不定式todo一次性的具体的动作有特定的动作执行者Tolieiswrong.ToliveinBeijingistheheightofTom’sambition.动名词doing抽象的泛指的动作无特定的动作执行者Lyingiswrong.Swimmingisgoodexercise.作表语含义例句不定式todo一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作His

job

is

to

paint

the

walls.

动名词doing一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙。（这是他日常的工作）3.动名词结构作宾语（见表格附录）非谓语之现在分词的用法非谓语之现在分词的用法1.现在分词和过去分词结构作定语a)分词做定语的基本含义。分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。这两种在句子中能担任的成分大体相同。现在分词一般有主动的意思过去分词一般有被动的意思用现在分词做定语的句子（表示主动）用过去分词做定语的句子Heisaninterestingman.Thehousestandingtherebelongstome.Interestedmemberswillmeetattwo.Thehousebuiltlastyearisverybeautiful.b)分词作定语的重要知识点：(1)单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：现在分词：touchingstory/leadingcadres/shiningexample/comingweek/过去分词：skilledworker/armedforces/boiledwater/steamedbread1)Barkingdogsseldombite.2)Soonourrespectedandbelovedleadersenteredthebanquethall.3)Whoisthemanstanding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?4)Theybuiltahighwayleading(=whichleads)intothemountains.★小试身手★1.写出下列短语的意思therisingsun旭日fallenleaves落叶fadedflowers凋零的花returnedstudents海归retiredworkers退休工人theexplodedbomb已爆炸弹departedfriends离去的朋友2.把分词做定语改成定语从句或者定语从句改成分词作定语(1)Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.Theyaretheproblemswhichwereleftbyhistory.(2)HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswhichwerewrittenbyLuXun?HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswrittenbyLuXun?(3)developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping(4)acitythatisgrowing=agrowingcity(2)作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同1)表示正在进行的动作,(变为从句时要用进行时态),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthere(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.Didyouseethemantalking(whowastalking)tothemanager?2)表示经常性的动作,或现在(或当时)的状态,(变为从句时,用一般时态),如：Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.3)过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：Themeetingheld(whichwasheld)lastweekisveryimportant.Heisamanloved(whoisloved)byall.♥Attention♥：如果所表示的动作现在正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.(discuss)♥Attention♥：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.★小试身手★(1)Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.(discuss)(2)Pleasetellmethesubjectsdiscussedlastweek.(discuss)(3)DoyouknowthemeetingbeingdiscussednowisheldbyPeter?(discuss)2.现在分词作状语现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。a.现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegame.♥Attention♥：a.分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b.分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c.分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d.大部分放在谓语之后；e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。b.现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由，如：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：1)Becauseshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.2)Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.♥Attention♥如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.c.现在分词作时间状语（相当于when引导的从句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：1)Whensheturnedaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.2)Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.♥Attention♥：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用when或while+分词这种结构，如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.d.现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(让步)试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：1)Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.2)Althoughthestoneweighsalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.e.现在分词的完成形式和被动形式分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?3.过去分词作状语（1）过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如：Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.（2）过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：1)Hesoonfellasleepas/becausehewasexhaustedbythejourney.（3）过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：United,westand;divided,wefall.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：1)Ifweareunited,westand;Ifwearedivided,wefall.2)When/Iftheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.♥Attention♥：过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when,if,while,though,asif等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilspokento.试试看把它们补充完整：1)If/whenwaterisheated,itchangedintosteam.2)Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilsheisspokento.♥Attention♥：1.在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致.2.过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；3.而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。★小试身手★试一试：判断下列句子中分词充当什么状语，并且看看可不可以转化成相应状语从句。1)EveryeveningtheysatonthesofawatchingTV. 表2)Igothome,feelingverytired. 表3)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher. 表4)Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingup. 表5)Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo. 表非谓语的时态语态非谓语的时态语态[1]todo一般进行完成主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedone/tohavebeendone★小试身手★1)能被邀请来做演讲是我的荣幸。.2)老板经过他身边时，他假装正在打电话。.3)他们似乎在发薪日前就花光了上个月的工资。.[2]doing一般（与谓语动词同时发生）完成（在谓语动词之前发生）主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone[3]done过去分词done的一般情况即表示“被动、完成”的含义，所以没有时态语态变化。★小试身手★(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedtoworkinalocalcaféasawaiter.2.Themostcommonmistakes(lead)toabadbackarepoorbodymechanicsandunhealthyhabits.3.Weteenagersoftenthinkthatparentsareconservative(保守的),andtheyknownothingaboutus,buthonestly,we’reactuallystilltooyoung(know)what’sreallybestforus.4.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.5.(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.6.TheFlakesbroughtalongalobster(龙虾)trapinhopesofhavingsomedelicioustreats,butitwaslostwithinthefirstfewhoursafter(attack)byashark.7.“Ithinkshewouldlikeyoutohaveit.”(shock),Itookitfromherautomatically.Shesmiledandwalkedaway.8.(endure)toomanyofthesetragediesinthepastfewyears,eachtimeIlearnthenewsIreactnotasaPresident,butasanybodyelsewould—asaparent.Andthatwasespeciallytruetoday.9.Hehasaconstanturge(check)fornextmessages;hecheckshisphoneeveryfiveminutes!10.Manyresearchersclaim(find)relationshipsbetweenleft-handednessandvariousphysicalandmentalcharacteristics.11.Thecities(experience)thehighestannualgrowthinofficerentalratesarebothinSouthAfricawith40percentrateriseforDurbanand44percentforSandton.非谓语做宾语的用法非谓语做宾语的用法非谓语做宾语的用法a.不定式todo做宾语。1.结构公式（肯定）：下列动词/短语+todosth.2.结构公式（否定）：下列动词/短语+nottodosth.考试高频词：同意agree目标aim安排arrange要求（2）askdemand尝试attempt乞求beg选择choose决定decide想要（2）wantdesire期待expect失败fail碰巧happen希望hope设法成功做到manage提供offer计划plan准备prepare假装pretend承诺promise拒绝refuseb.动名词doing做宾语。1.结构公式：下列动词/词组+doingsth.2.动词+doing的用法高频考察动词承认admit建议（2）advice/advisesuggest允许（2）allowpermit欣赏，感激appreciate避免avoid考虑consider推迟（2）delaypostpone否认deny讨论discuss不喜欢dislike享受enjoy逃脱escape借口excuse完成finish禁止forbid原谅forgive想象imagine保持keep介意mind错过miss练习practice/priactise防止prevent推荐recommend抵抗resist冒险risk理解understandc.介词短语+doing的用法1.带to的短语致力于（2）attendtodovote(oneself)to习惯于（2）be/getusedtobeaccustomedto导致leadto期待lookforwardto做贡献makeacontributionto反对objectto更喜欢，宁愿preferto注意payattentionto坚持sticktopersistininsiston2.带have的短语过得艰难（2）haveadifficulttimehaveahardtime过得愉快，玩得愉快（3）haveagoodtimehavefunhavepleasure做某事有困难（3）havedifficultyhavetroublehaveaproblem做某事有经验haveexperience3.spend的短语花时间spendtime花钱spendmoney4.其他高频考察短语同意agreewith以……开始beginwith小心becarefulwith忙于bebusywith对……感到满意（2）bepleasedwithbesatisfiedwith对……感到生气beangrywith厌倦于（3）beboredwithbefedupwithbetiredof擅长（2）begoodatdowellin拙于bebadat害怕beafraidof喜欢（2）befondofbekeenon对……负责（3）beresponsibleforbeinchargeoftakechargeof为……向某人道歉apologizetosbfor著名befamousfor感兴趣beinterestedin成功succeedin担心（2）beworriedaboutbeconcernedabout向某人抱怨complaintosb.about/of梦想dreamof与……不同bedifferentfromd.todo和doing皆可作宾语的非谓语形式1.结构公式：下列动词+todo/doingsth.1)加todo和doing含义相同的动词Dawsonlikesgivingmoneyaway.=Dawsonlikestogivemoneyaway.Hestartedworkingin1940.=Hestartedtoworkin1940.请记住这些动词:begin,can’tstand,continue,hate,like,love,prefer,start,continue,goon2)加todo和doing含义不同的动词词结构意义例句stopstopdoing停止正在做的事Dawsonlovestowork.Hedoesn’tplantostopworking.stoptodo停下去做某事Dawsonwantedtofinishschool,buthestoppedtogetajob.rememberrememberdoing记得做过的事Dawsonremembersearning$1.15anhourin1940.remembertodo记得去做某事Dawson’smothersaid,“Alwaysremembertohelpothers.”forgetforgetdoing忘了做过的事Iforgetborrowingmoneyfromyou.forgettodo忘了去做某事Iforgettobuyanewspaper.regretregretdoing后悔做过的事情Iregretblamingtheaccidentonyou.regrettodo很遗憾的去做某事Iregrettoinformyouthebadnews.needneeddoing主动表被动Idon’tneedwarningagain.needtodo表主动Ineedtorepairmyoldcar.trytrydoing试着做做Ifyoudon’twanttolookatadsinthenewspapers,trynetworking.trytodo努力尝试做某事Itriedtoimprovemyresumes.meanmeandoing意味着LosingabusinLondonmeanswaitingforanotherhour.meantodo打算做Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.2022、2023年全国各省市真题综合训练45题2022、2023年全国各省市真题综合训练45题一、单项选择1．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）TodayisFather’sDay,andIplan________adinnerformyfather.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepared D．prepare2．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork3．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）It’sreportedthatChinaplans________astronautstothemoonbefore2030.A．send B．sending C．tosend4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Scienceismyfavouritesubject,soIhaveprepared________theSTEAMClub.A．join B．joining C．tojoin D．tojoining5．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Davidlearnt________whenhewasfive.A．swim B．swims C．swam D．toswim6．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—OurschoolwillinviteMr.Wang________usatalkonenvironmentalprotectionnextweek.—That’swonderful!A．give B．togive C．giving D．gave7．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—HoucanIpreventCOVID-19,Dad?—________healthy,youshouldalwayswearamaskandwashhandsfrequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep8．（2022·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）________asharedfuture,weshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.A．Create B．Tocreate C．Creating9．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending10．（2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing11．（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleep________fit.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept12．（2022·统考中考真题）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised13．（2022·统考中考真题）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold14．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Theyareworkinghard________tigers.A．saved B．save C．tosave15．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has16．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Manypeopleenjoy______zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.A．making B．made C．tomake17．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—AreyougoingtoreadthebookJourneytotheWest?—Yes.Ourteacherexpectsus________suchtraditionalChinesebooks.A．read B．reading C．toread18．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Today,wemustcontinueworking________ourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A．keep B．tokeep C．keeping19．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）________thequalityofPEclasses,someschoolsputsmarttechnologyintouse.A．Improving B．Toimprove C．Improve D．Improved20．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）________downairpollution,weshouldwalkortakethebusinsteadofdriving.A．Cut B．Tocut C．Cutting21．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）IsawLily________whenIpassedherroom.A．dance B．dancing C．todance22．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）________healthy,we’vegotusedtowashinghandsbeforemealsandusingpublicchopsticks.A．Keeping B．Keep C．Tokeep D．Tokeeping23．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Weexpecttheworld_______Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.A．understanding B．tounderstand C．understood D．understand24．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）Iusuallyspendtime________inthelibraryonweekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread25．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Safetycomesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow26．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）IhavedecidedtogotoBeijingand________oneofmyoldfriendsthere.A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit27．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Ifeachofusmakesefforts_______somethingmeaningful,oursocietywillbecomebetterandbetter.A．tolose B．tobelost C．todo D．tobedone28．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided29．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）GoodnewscomesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore30．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—MostteenagerslikehumorousTVshows.—Metoo.Ican’thelp________whenIwatchthem.A．laughing B．tolaugh C．laughed D．laugh31．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Whethersportsmen,sportswomenorvolunteers,peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth________theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.A．make B．making C．made D．tomake32．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Travellerscan’twait________theirnewtoursinthecomingholiday.A．tostart B．starting C．started D．start33．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—Thedoctorsarebusy________howtodealwiththisdiseasethesedays.—Sotheyare.They’rereallyhard-working.A．discuss B．todiscuss C．discussing34．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）________toomuchsweetfoodwillmakepeoplegetfat.A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate35．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Betty,I’mnotgoodatEnglish.Couldyouhelpmeplease?—Sure.I’lldowhatIcan________youimproveyourEnglish.A．tohelp B．help C．helping D．helps36．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Whydidyoucometoschoolsoearlytoday?—Oh,Iarrivedhereat7:00________forthetest.A．prepare B．preparing C．toprepare37．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—IsLucyintheclassroom?—Yeah.SheisstilltherewatchingMr.Li________.A．todraw B．drawing C．draws38．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesinanewyear.A．get B．getting C．toget39．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Weshouldavoid________anoiseinthelibrary.A．make B．tomake C．making40．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Wehope________abeautifulhomebylivingalow-carbonlife(低碳生活).A．build B．building C．tobuild41．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—TheLifelongJourneyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks________Ihaveeverread.—Yeah,thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto________itagain.A．that,reading B．which,toread C．that,toread42．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）Theteachersusedto________keypointsontheblackboard,butnowtheyaregettingusedto________themthroughPPTs.A．write,showing B．writing,show C．write,show43．（2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—Mike,wearetoldnot________thephonewhilecrossingthestreet.—Iamsorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A．answering B．toanswer C．answer44．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）—Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?—Iplan________HuaHua,anearly3-year-oldlovelypandainChengdu.A．see B．saw C．seeing D．tosee45．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Safetyisveryimportanttoallofus.—Iagree.Westudentsshouldlearn________ourselvesinthedailylife.A．wheretohold B．whattovisit C．howtoprotect D．whytohelp

专题14非谓语知识梳理知识梳理非谓语的三种形式 类别结构含义例句现在分词doing主动，进行1)boilingwater正在沸腾的水2)Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere?你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？beingdone被动，进行（正在被做）1)Thehousesbeingbuiltnowarefortheteachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。(not)havingdone主动，完成(否定)1)Havingwaitedforanhour,heleft.等了一个小时后，他离开了。2)Nothavingreceivedareply,hewroteanotherletter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信havingbeendone被动，完成1)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。过去分词done被动，完成1)ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。2)Thehousesbuiltlastyearareverybig.去年建的那些房子很大。表所处的状态或特征1)Devotedtohelpingothers,heisrespected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。2)Interestedinthebook,hewantstobuyit.他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。不定式todo将来，主动1)Ihavemuchworktodo.我有很多工作要做。tobedone将来，被动1)Thehousestobebuiltnextmonthareverybig.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。tohavedone完成，主动使用条件：1）看结构是否需要；2）看是否表达过去或完成之意1)He’ssaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.据说他发明了电话。2)Heissaidtohavebeenpunishedbyhisleader.据说他已经受到了他领导的惩罚。非谓语之不定式的用法非谓语之不定式的用法一、不定式todo1.不定式结构作主语Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.百闻不如一见。a.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.★区分用法★1)直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。2)如主语和表语都是todo，则只能采用第一种形式。对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。To

be

kind

to

the

enemy

is

to

be

cruel

to

the

people.3)如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。如：What

is

it

like

to

be

there?What

a

joy

it

was

to

read

Barak’s

book!b.用Itis+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。(1)forsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.(2)ofsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。★小试身手★1)Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowardsfallinginlove.喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。2)对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。It’sverydifficultforhimtolearntwolanguages.3)你能这么说很有礼貌。It’sverypoliteofyoutosayso.★真题试炼★1)It’simportant___B__thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplay B.forhimtoplay C.ofhimplaying D.forhimplaying2)It’swrong___A__herlikethat.A.ofyoutotreat B.foryoutotreat C.ofyoutreating D.foryoutreating2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.那样做无疑是削足适履。3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)4.不定式结构作定语用法例句及物动词todo出现在名词后面。动宾关系Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?主谓关系Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.不及物动词todo出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。Let’sfirstfindaroomtolivein./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.♥Attention♥但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.★小试身手★1)了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.Thebestwaytoknowapersonistolivewithhim/herforsometime.2)你有什么可以吃的东西吗?Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?3)许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.Manyoldpeoplecannotfindaplacetospendtherestoftheirlife.5.不定式结构作状语基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。a.表示目的(1)Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.♥Attention♥(1)inordertodo常置于句首用来强调目的。(2)soasto/so….asto表示目的，不可以置于句首。★小试身手★1)为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发Inordertogetthereontime,wemustsetoffnow.2)为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。Inordertotreattheimportantguests,hehiredahousekeeperfromtheUK3)他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。Theysetoutintheearlymorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.b.表示结果(1)so…asto…如此……以至于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such(…)asto…如此……以至于I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto…足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)too…to…太……以至于不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料却……，结果却……不定式之前有时可以加上only或butonly，以加强语气Iboughtexpensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.★小试身手★1)你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。Yousaidtheseonlytomakeeveryonemorenervous.2)她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。Sheistooyoungtowatchthisviolentmovie.♥Attention♥:但是too….to结构前如果出现but,never,only等词时则表示肯定。1)活到老学到老。It’snevertooold/latetolearn.6.不定式结构作宾语补足语a.非谓语做宾补的用法。结构含义举例see+宾语+do看见（宾语）做……了seehimgototheofficesee+宾语+doing看见（宾语）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+宾语+beingdone看见（宾语）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+宾语+done看见（宾语）被做seehimbittenbyadogb.不定式todo（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。结构例词例句动词+宾语+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示劝请、要求、喜好类Iwantbothofyoutogo.Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.c.do做宾补表示“全过程”。动词+宾语+do（省略to）一“感”：feel二“听”：hear/listento三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/findIsawmydaughterentertheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.非谓语之动名词的用法非谓语之动名词的用法1.动名词结构作主语(a).动名词做主语通常位于句首。Seeingisbelieving.Notfinishingschoolcanaffectyourwholelife.(b).将it放句首做形式主语，把动名词置于句末的常用结构。Itis+awasteoftime/nogood/notanygood/nouse/useless+doingsth.Itisno