山东师范大学综合英语（4）期末复习题

一.

完形填空1.

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In

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ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend

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canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare

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readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading

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atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency

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intheactualstuffoflanguageitself-words.Takenindividually,wordshave

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meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrased,sentencesandparagraphs.

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,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto

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wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover

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youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich

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downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas

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reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan

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,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate

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thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,

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word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst

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issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,

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yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound

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readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.

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CharlesAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute

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thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan

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alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

1A.applyingB.doingC.offeringD.getting参考答案：D2A.quicklyB.easilyC.roughlyD.decidedly参考答案：A3A.goodB.curiousC.poorD.urgent参考答案：C4A.trainingB.habitsC.situationsD.custom参考答案：B5A.liesB.combinesC.touchesD.involves参考答案：A6A.someB.AlotC.littleD.dull参考答案：C7A.FortunatelyB.InfactC.LogicallyD.Unfortunately参考答案：D8A.reuseB.rereadC.rewriteD.recite参考答案：B9A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if参考答案：A10A.scalesB.cutsC.slowsD.measures参考答案：C11A.someoneB.oneC.heD.reader参考答案：B12A.acceleratorB.actorC.amplifierD.observer参考答案：A13A.thenB.asC.beyondD.than参考答案：D14A.enablingB.leadingC.makingD.indicating参考答案：C15A.meaningB.comprehensionC.gistD.regression参考答案：B16A.butB.norC.orD.for参考答案：A17A.ourB.yourC.theirD.sucha参考答案：C18A.LookatB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider参考答案：B19A.forB.inC.afterD.before参考答案：D20A.masterB.gooverC.presentD.getthrough参考答案：D2.(20分)

Todaytheworld'seconomyisgoingthroughtwogreatchanges,bothbiggerthananAsianfinancialcrisishereoraEuropeanmonetaryunionthere.

Thefirstchangeisthatalotofindustrial

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ismovingfromtheUnitedStates,WesternEuropeandJapanto

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countriesinLatinAmerica,South-EastAsiaandEasternEurope.In1950,theUnitedStatesalone

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formorethanhalfoftheworld'seconomyoutput.In1990,its

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wasdowntoaquarter.By1990,40%ofIBM'semployeeswerenon-Americans;Whirlpool,America'sleading

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ofdomesticappliances,cutitsAmericanlaborforce

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10%.Quitesoonnow,manybigwesterncompanieswillhavemore

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(andcustomers)inpoorcountriesthaninrich

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.

Thesecondgreatchangeis

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,intherichcountriesoftheOECD,thebalanceofeconomicactivityis

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frommanufacturingto

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.IntheUnitedStatesandBritain,the

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ofworkersinmanufacturinghas

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since1900fromaround40%tobarelyhalfthat.

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inGermanyandJapan,whichrebuiltsomany

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after1945,manufacturing'sshareofjobsisnowbelow30%.Theeffectofthe

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isincreased

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manufacturingmovesfromrichcountriestothedevelopingones,

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cheaplabor

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themasharpadvantageinmanyofthe

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tasksrequiredbymassproduction.1A.productB.productionC.productsD.productivity参考答案：B2A.otherB.smallC.capitalisticD.developing参考答案：D3A.accountedB.occupiedC.playedD.shared参考答案：A4A.outputB.developmentC.shareD.economy参考答案：C5A.stateB.consumerC.representativeD.supplier参考答案：D6A.byB.atC.throughD.in参考答案：A7A.productsB.marketC.employeesD.changes参考答案：C8A.oneB.onesC.timesD.time参考答案：B9A.whatB.likeC.thatD.how参考答案：C10A.rangingB.varyingC.swingingD.getting参考答案：B11A.producingB.productsC.servicingD.services参考答案：D12A.proportionB.numberC.quantityD.group参考答案：A13A.changedB.goneC.appliedD.shrunk参考答案：D14A.FurthermoreB.EvenC.ThereforeD.Hence参考答案：B15A.armiesB.weaponsC.factoriesD.countries参考答案：C16A.questionB.manufacturingC.shiftD.rebuilding参考答案：C17A.withB.asC.givenD.if参考答案：B18A.whileB.whoseC.whou0027sD.which参考答案：B19A.giveB.isgivingC.givesD.gave参考答案：C20A.repetitiveB.variousC.creativeD.enormous参考答案：A3.(20分)

Everybodydances.Ifyouhave

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swervedtoavoidsteppingonacrackinthesidewalk,youhavedanced.Ifyouhaveeverkneeledtopray,youhavedanced.Fortheseactionshavefiguredimportantly

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thehistoryofdance.Dancegoes

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tothebeginningofcivilization

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thetribe―wherenativedancedtoget

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theywanted.Primitivedancewas

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allpractical,notthesocialdancingweknowtoday.Nativesapproacheddancewith

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seriousnessasawaytohelpthetribeinthecrucialprocess

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survival.Dancewasbelievedtobethe

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directwaytorepellocusts,to

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raintofall,toinsurethatamaleheirwouldbeborn,and

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guaranteevictoryinaforthcomingbattles.

Primitive

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wasgenerallydonebymanypeoplemovinginthesamemanneranddirection.

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alldanceshadleaders,solodances

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rare.Muchusewasmadeof

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partofthebody.Andso

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werethesetribedancesthat,ifanative

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missasinglestep,hewouldbeputtodeath

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thespot.

Fortunately,thesamerigid

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thatgovernedthelivesofthesepeopledonotapplyinthe

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relaxedsettingsoftoday’sdance.

1A.everB.neverC.beforeD.after参考答案：A2A.aboutB.forC.inD.around参考答案：C3A.forwardB.backC.upD.down参考答案：B4A.atB.forC.ofD.to参考答案：D5A.whenB.whyC.whichD.what参考答案：D6A.aboutB.aboveC.underD.over参考答案：B7A.littleB.greatC.lessD.lease参考答案：B8A.toB.overC.ofD.at参考答案：C9A.mostB.firstC.leastD.lost参考答案：A10A.causeB.happenC.tryD.make参考答案：A11A.forB.ofC.toD.at参考答案：C12A.foodB.danceC.spellsD.harvest参考答案：B13A.SinceB.DespiteC.ThusD.Although参考答案：A14A.areB.wasC.wereD.is参考答案：C15A.onlyB.everyC.thenD.some参考答案：B16A.comicB.boringC.solemnD.tiring参考答案：C17A.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.could参考答案：B18A.inB.atC.onD.around参考答案：C19A.sticksB.messagesC.reviewsD.rules参考答案：D20A.rulesB.moreC.leastD.most参考答案：B二.

阅读理解4.(10分)

Romanticloveisaculturetraitfoundprimarilyinindustrializedsocieties.Elsewhereintheworld,pragmaticconsiderationsratherthanflightsoffancyareoftenusedtomakeachoiceofpartner,andromanticloveisseenasanunfortunateinconveniencethatgetsinthewayoftheordinary,rationalprocessofmateselection.TracesofthisattitudepersistintheAmericanupperclasses,wheredaughtersareexpectedtomarry“well”thatis,toamalewhoiseligiblebyreasonoffamilybackgroundandearningpotential.MostAmericans,however,seeromanticloveasessentialforasuccessfulmarriage,andtendtolookaskance（轻蔑地）atanyonewhomarriesforamorepracticalreasoninwhichloveplaysnopart.

Thephenomenonofromanticloveoccurswhentwoyoungpeoplemeetandfindoneanotherpersonallyandphysicallyattractive.Theybecomemutuallyabsorbed,starttobehaveinwhatappearstobeaflighty（充满幻想的）,evenirrationalmanner,decidethattheyarerightforoneanother,andmaythenenteramarriagewhosesuccessisexpectedtobeguaranteedbytheirenduringlove.Behaviorofthiskindisportrayedandwarmlyendorsed（赞同）throughoutAmericanpopularculture,bybooks,magazines,comics,records,popularsongs,movies,andTV.

Romanticloveisanobleideal,anditcancertainlyprovideabasisforthespousesto“livehappilyeverafter.”Butamarriagecanequallywellbefoundedonmuchmorepracticalconsiderations”asindeedtheyhavebeeninmostsocietiesthroughoutmostofhistory.Whyisromanticloveofsuchimportanceinthemodernworld?Thereasonseemstobethatithassomebasicfunctionsinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily（小家庭）.Romanticloveislessfrequentlyfoundinmanynon-industrialsocietiesbecausepeopleinthesesocieties_______.A.firmlybelievethatonlymoneycanmaketheworldgoroundB.failtobringtheimaginativepowerofthemindintofullplayC.fondlythinkthatflightsoffancypreventthemfrommakingacorrectchoiceofpartnerD.havefarmorepracticalconsiderationstodeterminewhowillmarrywhom参考答案：DThewordeligible(inLine5,Para.l),couldbestbereplacedby____.A.qualifiedB.availableC.chosenD.influential参考答案：AAccordingtothepassage,mostAmericans_____.

A.expecttheirdaughterstofallinlovewithamaleatfirstsightB.regardromanticloveasthebasisforasuccessfulmarriageC.lookuptothosewhomarryforthesakeofwealthD.considerromanticlovetobethemostdesirablethingintheworld参考答案：BWhatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraphaboutromanticlove?A.Itisacommonoccurrenceamongtheold.B.Itisprimarilydepictedbybooks.C.Itischaracterizedbymutualattractionandabsorption.D.Itisrejectedasflightyandirrational.参考答案：CTheauthorseemstobelievethat___________A.romanticlovemakespeopleunabletothinkclearlyintheprocessofmateselectionB.onlyromanticlovecanmakeamarriagehappyeverafterC.muchmorepracticalconsiderationscanalsobethebasisforasuccessfulmarriageD.romanticloveplaysaninsignificantroleinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily参考答案：C5.(10分)

In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecuerestaurant.,thenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.

Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooks’stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.

KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothers’fast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise（特许经营）othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches.

TodayMcDonald’sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonald’shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.Thispassagemainlytalksabout

.A.thedevelopmentoffastfoodservicesB.howMcDonald’sbecameabillion-dollarbusinessC.thestoryofMacandDickMcDonaldD.RayKroc’sbusinesstalent参考答案：CMacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept

.A.adrive-inB.atheaterC.acinemaD.abarbecuerestaurant参考答案：BWemayinferfromthispassagethat

.A.MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKrocB.ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdrive-inC.Fortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfast-foodrestaurantsD.RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman参考答案：DThepassagesuggeststhat

.A.creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccessB.RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothersC.MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKrocD.Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness参考答案：AAsusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theword”unique”means

.A.specialB.financialC.attractiveD.peculiar参考答案：D6.(10分)

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthisperiodwantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiodhowpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposedandexperienced.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusicalthoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountriesthatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

Whatdoestheauthormeanbyusingtheword“eventually”inline3?A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdidB.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistoriansD.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet参考答案：AThephrase"frownedon"inline9isclosestinmeaningtoA.givenupB.forgottenaboutC.arguedaboutD.disapprovedof参考答案：DItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthofA.communicationamongartistsacrossEuropeB.spiritualityineverydaylifeC.aculturalemphasisonhumanvaluesD.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes参考答案：CAccordingtothepassage,whywasBemardinoCirillodisappointedwiththemusicofhistime?A.Itwasnotcomplexenoughtoappealtomusicians.B.Ithadlittleemotionalimpactonaudiences.C.Itwastoodependentontheartandliteratureofhistime.D.Itdidnotcontainenoughreligiousthemes.参考答案：BWhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle.B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle.C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians.D.DuringtheRenaissance，musicneverremainedthesameforverylong.参考答案：D7.(10分)

Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexplainthatthere'sabigdifferencebetween"beingawriter"andwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingofwealthandfame,notthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter."You'vegottowanttowrite,"Isaytothem,"notwanttobeawriter".

Therealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisneverrewarded.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheU.S.CoatGuardtobecomeafreelancewriter,Ihadnoprospectsatall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn'tevenmatterthatitwascoldandhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelybought