2025版高考英语一轮复习第2部分人与社会主题群3历史社会与文化主题语境5物质与非物质文化遗产教师用书教案

PAGE主题语境(五)物质与非物质文化遗产阅读理解A(2024·全国卷Ⅲ·A)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36，M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere—20minutes,Kendal—25minutes，Lancaster—45minutes，Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail：TheneareststationisCark­in­CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday—Friday(closedonSaturday)11:00am—4：00pm,30thMarch—2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults：￡12.00￡8.00Groups：￡9.00￡5.50SpecialEventsProducers'Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国旅游胜地霍尔克庄园。1．HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A．20minutes. B．25minutes.C．45minutes. D．90minutes.D[细微环节理解题。依据VisitorInformation部分的“HowtoGettoHolker”，“Manchester—1hour30minutes”可知，从曼彻斯特到霍尔克庄园须要1小时30分钟，即90分钟。]2．HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.B[细微环节理解题。依据“AdmissionCharges”可知，参观霍尔克庄园时，购买团体票(Groups)的价格为￡9.00，即每人9英镑。]3．Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A．Producers'Market.B．HolkerGardenFestival.C．NationalGardenDay.D．WinterMarket.D[细微环节理解题。依据SpecialEvents部分的“WinterMarket”，“enjoyingalivemusicshow”可知，WinterMarket为正确答案。]B(2024·全国卷Ⅲ·B)MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater，employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75­yearhistory.Thistime，however，thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish，anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold，mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary­eyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbyetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown，”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However，theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm，whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.ThetheateraudiencesaidgoodbyeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。最终一场电影结束几分钟后，工作人员忙着清理爆米花，整理可乐杯子。这是在电影院75年的历史中被重复了很多次的一般一幕，但这一次清扫工作有点儿不同。究竟是什么缘由使得它别出心裁呢？快读读文章，来找寻答案吧！4．Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A．Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B．Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C．Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D．Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.B[推理推断题。依据文章第一段中的“Thistime，however，thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish，anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.”可知，这次清扫工作有点儿不同，清理完垃圾后，工作人员也要把椅子和其他影院设备搬走，因为这个电影院要关门了，故选B项。]5．WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A．Itwasanall­timeclassic.B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C．Theaudiencerequestedit.D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.D[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.”可知，影院选择放映电影TheLastPictureShow，是因为影院老板认为它比较合适。故选D项。]6．Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A．Itwillberepaired.B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C．Itwillbeknockeddown.D．Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.C[推理推断题。依据第四段中的“...whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.”可知，Bradford把楼和地卖给了一家产地的开发公司，这家公司准备在这个地方建一家购物中心，所以可以推断出，这个楼会被拆除(beknockeddown)，选C项。]7．Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A．TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D．Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.B[推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Thoughthemovieis30yearsold，mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary­eyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbyetotheoldbuilding.”可知，观众对电影院很有感情，挥泪告辞这座老建筑，故选B项。]语法填空(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso­called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea，1.________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong，thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight2.________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal3.________(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，4.________(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.Overtime，5.________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich6.________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，7.________livedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe8.________(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand9.________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia，forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat10.________theirhands.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。筷子通常是两根瘦长的木头或竹子。它们也能用塑料、动物的骨头或者金属制成。有时，筷子很有艺术性。除了筷子的选材，文章也对筷子的由来以及发展做了介绍。1．and[考查并列连词。句意：……在中国、日本、韩国和越南的……文化里，人们通常用筷子吃饭。]2．bemade[考查被动语态。筷子用金、银做成，此处用被动语态。bemadeof用……制成。]3．tocreate[考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示combine...and...的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。句意：娴熟的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创建出特殊的样式。]4．using[考查非谓语动词之现在分词。people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。]5．as/when[考查从属连词。句意：渐渐地，随着人口的增加(当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们起先把食物切成小块。依据句意可知，空格处填as或者when，as/when引导时间状语从句。]6．gradually[考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰turnedinto，故用副词。gradual的副词形式是gradually。]7．who[考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。]8．development[考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格处位于定冠词the后，由ofchopsticks修饰，故空格处须填名词。develop的名词形式是development。]9．were[考查时态和主谓一样。分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；又因主语是knives，故填were。]10．with[考查介词。eatwiththeirhands用手抓饭吃。with表示“用”。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．railn.铁轨；扶手2．adultn.成年人3．recipen.食谱4．anniversaryn.周年纪念日5．employeen.雇员；从业员工6．sweepv.扫去，清除7．scenen.场面；情景8．rubbishn.垃圾，废物；废话9．classicadj.经典的10．warehousen.仓库；货栈11．financialadj.金融的；财政的12．especiallyadv.特殊；尤其13．plasticn.塑料14．artisticadj.艺术的15．scholarn.学者16．roughlyadv.粗糙地；概略地17．traditionallyadv.传统上Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．sign_n．迹象；手势v.签署；签名2．admissionn.承认；入场费3．gatherv.收集；收割；聚集4．publicadj.公众的；政府的5．abandonv．遗弃；离开6．missn．女士vt.错过7．designn．&v.设计；构思8．removev.移动，迁移9．remindvt.提示；使想起Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．connectv.连接；联合→connectionn.连接；关系2．donatev.捐赠→donationn．捐款，捐赠物3．repeatv.重复→repetitionn．重复4．preparev.准备→preparationn．预备；准备5．addv.加；增加→additionn．添加6．locatevt.位于→locationn．位置；地点7．violencen．暴力→violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．in_aid_of用以救济……之用2．close_down关闭3．with_the_help_of在……的帮助下4．knock_down击倒；拆卸5．be_made_of由……所组成[即时演练]单句语法填空1．WhenwearrivedinMontreal,wesawmanysigns(sign)andadsinFrench.2．ThemovieopenswithasceneinaNewYorkapartment.3．Wallsmade(make)ofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowlyduringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.4．WiththehelpofourEnglishteacher,wehavemadegreatprogressthisterm.5．Moviemusiccanbemadememorablebecauseitsthemesare_repeated(repeat)throughoutthefilm.6．AsfarasI'mconcerned,toomuchviolence(violent)ontelevisiondoesseriousharmtochildren'scharacter.7．Lastyear，XiaoMingsetaboutdesigning(design)hisnewmobilephoneafterhefiguredoutallthepuzzlingproblems.8．Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandards，moreandmorepeople，especially(especial)children，aresufferingfromobesity.9．Nowthisformerroyalpalaceisopentothepublicasamajortouristattraction.10．ThewholefamilygatheredtogetheratTom'shome.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．Headdedthatthetheater'slocationwasalsoareason.补充说，接着说2．Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm，whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.综合性商场Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．TheneareststationisCark­in­CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.[译文]最近的车站是卡特梅尔火车站，有火车开往卡恩弗斯，兰开斯特和普雷斯顿，再转至各大城市或主要机场。2．Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.[译文]这部电影是以一个小镇为背景拍摄的，镇上唯一的电影院将要停业。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.[分析]本句是一个简洁句，但是修饰成分多，主语是theevent，谓语是celebrates，宾语是its22ndanniversary。withagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening是谓语的修饰成分，makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening是现在分词短语作状语。[译文]这场活动是为了庆祝该花园节的22周年纪念日，活动中展示了园艺的精髓，使之成为了园艺界最受欢迎的活动之一。2．SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.[分析]本句是困难句。主句主语somepeople,谓语think，that引导宾语从句。在从句中，thegreatChinesescholarConfucius是主语，who引导定语从句修饰从句主语，谓语动词influenced，宾语是thedevelopmentofchopsticks。[译文]有人认为，生活在大约公元前551年到公元前479年间的中国宏大的教化家孔子，对筷子的发展产生了影响。1．followv.跟随，效仿，跟得上(1)asfollows如下followsuit照着做(2)followingadj.接下来的，如下的thefollowing下列，如下followinone'sfootsteps效仿某人，继承某人的事业inthefollowingyears在接下来这些年里followone'sexample学习某人的榜样[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Abanquetisalargeformalmealformanypeople,oftenfollowed(follow)byspeechesinhonorofsomeone.②Follow(follow)yourdoctor'sadvice,andyouwillgetbettersoon.③Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector.[实力提升]——完成句子老师手里拿着一本书，跟着几个学生走进了教室。Theteacher，withabookinhishand,cameintotheclassroom,following_a_few_students.2．celebratev．庆祝；赞扬，歌颂(1)celebrate...with...用……庆祝……(2)celebrationn．庆祝活动；庆祝celebratedadj.闻名的celebratetheirvictorywithmusicanddancing用音乐和舞蹈庆祝成功birthdaycelebrations生日庆典incelebrationofone'spromotion庆祝某人的升职[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Greatlydelightedattheresult,thefootballfanscouldn'thelpwalkingtothestreetto_celebrate(celebrate)it.②Theyarecelebrating(celebrate)theDragonBoatFestivalandmanypeoplearejoininginthecelebration.[实力提升]——一句多译经理答应我们完成任务时，他会开派对庆祝我们的成果。①Themanagerpromisedthatwhenweaccomplishthistask,hewillholdapartyto_celebrateouraccomplishment.(celebrate)②Themanagerpromisedthatwhenweaccomplishthistask,hewillholdapartyin_celebration_of_ouraccomplishment.(celebration)3．audiencen．观众，听众(1)anaudienceof(跟人数)人数达……的观众alargeaudience很多听众(2)audience是集体名词，作主语时，假如作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数；假如强调各个成员，谓语动词用复数。theaudiencedressedinavarietyofways穿着各异的观众们attractalargeaudience吸引了很多观众[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thoughhedidn'twinfirstprizeinthecompetition,hegavetheaudienceanimpressivespeech.②Mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.[实力提升]——一句多译在美国演奏莫扎特的音乐时，观众达10多万。①WhenMozart'smusicwasperformedinAmerica,there_was_an_audience_ofmorethan100,000people.(anaudienceof)②WhenMozart'smusicwasperformedinAmerica，morethan100,000peopleenjoyed_the_performance.(enjoy)4.charactern．(常用单数)性格；(可数)人物，角色；文字；(不行数)特色；品德，道德品质(1)characterizevt.以……为特色；具有……特征becharacterizedby具备……的特征(2)characteristicadj.特有的，典型的n．(常用复数)特征，特色becharacteristicof具有……的特征amanofcharacter一个道德高尚的人writeChinesecharacters写汉字haveacharacteristictaste有特殊的味道[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Wewererespectfulofcraftandfocusedondiggingintothecharacters(character)weweregoingtoplay.②Asisknowntousall，MountHuaisfamousforitsbreathtakingcliffsanditsuniquecharacteristics(characteristic)．[实力提升]——一句多译被高度关注是很多成功的富有人士的特点。①Beinghighlycenteredis_characteristic_ofmanyofthemostsuccessfulandwealthiestindividuals.(characteristic)②Manyofthemostsuccessfulandwealthiestindividualsare_characterized_bybeinghighlycentered.(characterize)5．combinev．结合，联合(1)combine...with/and...把……和……结合起来combinetodosth.联合起来做某事；合起来促成某事combineagainst联合起来反对(2)combinationn．联合；结合incombinationwith联合起来；在联合中combinetheirknowledgewithpractice把他们的学问和实践结合起来combineagainsttheircommonenemy联手反抗共同的敌人incombinationwithseveraloverseaspartners联合几家海外合伙人[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·江苏卷)Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopedacombination(combine)ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.②(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.③Severalfactorscombinedto_harm(harm)ourfriendship,whichmademeveryupset.[实力提升]——一句多译当均衡的饮食和有规律的熬炼结合起来时，这对我们的健康更好。①Abalanceddietcanbebetterforourhealthwhen_it_is_combined_withregularexercise.(状语从句)②Abalanceddietcanbebetterforourhealthwhen_combined_withregularexercise.(状语从句的省略)[联想发散]表示“把……与……相结合”的短语还有：connect...with/to...;associate...with...;link...with/to...;relate...to...等。6．variousadj.不同的；各种各样的(1)varyvt.&vivaryfrom...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动varyin...在……方面不同，有差异(2)varietyn．变更，多样性，种类avarietyof＝varietiesof各种各样的variouskindsofthemeparks各种各样的主题公园variousquestionsconcerningpollutionandtheenvironment有关污染和环境的各种问题awidevarietyofproducts种类繁多的产品[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·北京卷)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious_(vary)activitiesonEarthDay.②(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Therewillbeawidevariety(vary)ofactivitiestomarkthisunforgettableoccasion.[实力提升]——完成句子出于种种缘由，她确定搬到乡下去。Shedecidedtomovetothecountrysidefor_various_reasons/a_variety/varieties_of_reasons.7．remindvt.提示；使想起remindsb.ofsth.让某人想起某事remindsb.todosth.提示某人做某事remindsb.that...提示某人……remindpeopleofkillings让人们联想到杀戮keephimselfremindedofhisowndream让自己记住自己的幻想remindthemtoprotecttrees提示他们爱护树木[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Whattheteacherhadsaidremindedmeofthefamoussaying，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”②Pleaseremindmeto_write(write)ane­mailtomymothertomorrow,forit'sherbirthday.③Theseventeen­year­oldboyputupapictureofMessibesidethebedtokeephimselfreminded(remind)ofhisowndream.[实力提升]——句式升级一般表达：Weputupaboardattheedgeofthewoods.Itremindedpeopletoprotectthetrees.高级表达：Weputupaboardattheedgeofthewoodsreminding_people_to_protect_the_trees.(现在分词短语作定语)1．BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.布莱福德说城市中的现代大剧院使广场不行能参加竞争。[句型公式]句中运用了“makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.”句型，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为forthePlazatocompete。(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句make＋it＋形容词/名词＋(forsb.)todo(2)常用于这种句型的动词：make，think，consider，find，feel等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.②Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutitbecauseheistoostubborn.[实力提升]——完成句子是文化而不是语言使得他难以适应国外的新环境。Itwastheculture，ratherthanthelanguage，thatmade_it_hard_for_him_to_adapt_tothenewenvironmentabroad.2．Thisusedtobethecenteroftown，...此处以前是城中心，……[句型公式]本句运用了usedto结构，表示“过去常常(现在已经不是)”。(1)usedto过去(常常)……thereusedtobe...过去常常有……(2)be/getusedto(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事(3)beusedtodosth.被用来做某事usedtosleepwiththewindowopen过去习惯开着窗户睡觉beusedtotakingawalkintheparkaftersuppereveryday习惯于每天晚饭后在公园漫步beusedtokeepuswarm被用来给我们保暖[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Heusedto_stay(stay)uplate,butnowheisusedtogoing(go)tobedearly.②Thefollowingsimpleexperimentisusedto_separate(separate)differentliquids.[实力提升]——完成句子以前在他们房子的后方有一个漂亮的大花园。There_used_to_be_a_big_and_beautiful_gardenatthebackoftheirhouse.夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Maryfeltcutofffromtheoutsideworld,sinceshelackedanInternetconnection_(connect)．2．Manyvolunteersareusedtodoing(do)difficultwork.3．Traditionally_(traditional),theyoungturnedtotheolderforguidance;today,theyprefertoturntotheirfriends.4．TheyarrivedonMondayeveningandwegottherethefollowing(follow)day.5．Politicalpartiesoftendifferintheirviewsonvarious_(variety)issuesconcerningtheirowncountries.Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Thevolunteersclearedawaythesnowonthestreettomakeitsafeforpeopletowalkon.2．Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindowstheotherday,makingairconditioningunnecessary.3．LastMondaytheteachersandstudentsheldagrandceremonyincelebrationofthe_80thanniversaryofourschool.4．Learntocombineyourknowledgewithexperience,andyouaresuretosucceed.5．Therearevariousgoodsinthenewsupermarket,andthepricesvaryfromcentstodollars.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.阅读七选五(2024·北京人大附中三模)CompulsorycitywidegarbagesortingbeganinBeijinginApril，aidedbynewguidelinesforresidentsandthestartofathree­monthinspectioncampaigntomonitorenforcement.Thestrictgarbagesortingrulesrequireresidentstoclassifytheirdomestictrashintofourdifferentcategories：kitchenwaste，recyclables，hazardouswasteandotherwaste.1Communitiesandvillagesacrossthecapitalmustsetupfourdifferentcoloredtrashbins.2Tohelpresidentsbetterclassifytheirdomestictrash，foursupportingmeasureswouldspecifythemanagementstandardsandimplementationproceduresforclassifyinggarbage.Forexample，aguidelinereleasedinApriladvisedresidentstohavetwotrashbinsandonegarbagebagathometomaketheseparationofdifferentkindsofwastemoreconvenient.3Theinspection，lastinguntiltheendofJuly，willfocusonmixedwasteanditsdumpingandtransport.Meanwhile，thecity'smarketsupervisionauthoritieswillbeginathree­monthcrackdownontheillegaluseandsaleofplasticbags.Underthenewlyreviseddomesticwasteregulation，supermarkets，shoppingmallsandtrademarketsmaynolongerusesuperthinorfreeplasticbags.4BytheendofMarch，therewere44domesticwastetreatmentfacilitiesinBeijing，capableofhandling32,711metrictonsoftrashaday，thecapital'surbanmanagementauthoritiessaid.Thecapitalcollected10.11milliontonsofhouseholdwastelastyear.SomeresidentialcommunitiesinBeijinghaveintroducedincentives(激励)toencourageresidentstosorttheirgarbage.5Somecommunitieshadexplorednewwaysofreusingkitchenwasteasfertilizerfortheresidents'rooftopgarden.A．Lawenforcementagencieswilllaunchathree­monthinspectiontomonitorcompliancewithcompulsorytrashsorting.B．Thosewhofailtosorttheirgarbageproperlycouldfacefinesofupto200yuan($28)．C．Thecommunityacquiredatrashtreatmentmachinelastyearthatcanrecyclesomekitchenwastetoproduceorganicsoilin24hoursasfertilizerforpottedplants.D．Restaurantsandhotelsmuststopofferingdisposableitemsunlesscustomersrequestthem.E．Residentscanearnpointsbyclassifyingtheirdomesticwastecorrectlyandthenexchangethepointstheyaccumulatefordailynecessitiessuchasnapkinsandsoap.F．Thetreatmentfacilitymakesresidentsmorefamiliarwiththeprocessofgarbageandspurtheirenthusiasmfortrashsorting.G．Greenbinswillbeforkitchenwaste，blueonesforrecyclables，redforhazardouswasteandgrayforotherwaste.1．B[上文提到“北京起先在全市范围内强制垃圾分类”“严格的垃圾分类规定要求居民将生活垃圾分为四类……”，选项B“那些没有正确分类垃圾的人将面临高达200元(28美元)的罚款”是上文垃圾分类政策内容的一部分。故选B项。]2．G[空前一句提到“fourdifferentcoloredtrashbins”，选项G中“Green...blue...red...gray...”是对上一句的详细说明。故选G项。]3．A[此题线索是词汇复现。由下文中的“Theinspection，lastinguntiltheendofJuly...”可知，选项A“执法机构将开展为期三个月的检查，以监督强制垃圾分类的执行状况。”符合文意。选项A中“athree­monthinspection”与“Theinspection，lasting...”相呼应。]4．D[上文提到“依据最新修订的生活垃圾管理条例，超市、购物中心和贸易市场不得再运用超薄塑料袋或免费塑料袋”。由此可知，这一部分是关于最新修订的生活垃圾管理条例的内容；选项D“餐馆和酒店必需停止供应一次性用品，除非顾客索要它们”承接上文的话题。故选D项。]5．E[空前一句提到“北京的一些居民社区实施激励方法，激励居民将他们的垃圾分类”；选项E“居民可以通过正确分类他们的家庭垃圾来获得积分，然后用积攒的积分换取一些日用品，比如餐巾纸和肥皂”是激励居民将垃圾分类的详细做法之一，承接上文的话题。故选E项。]Ⅱ.语法填空Chopsticks,orkuaiziinChinese,areapairofsmallequal­lengthsticks,usuallymadeofwood,usedforeating.WeChineseeat1.________chopsticks.Itisbelievedthefirstchopsticks2.________(develop)over5,000yearsagoinChina.The3.________(early)evidenceofapairofchopsticksmadeoutofbronzewasexcavated(发掘)fromtheRuinsofYinnearAnyang,HenanProvince,datingbacktorough1200BC.Chopsticks，4.________areroughlyuniforminsizethroughoutChina,canbemadeofavarietyof5.________(material),includingbamboo,wood,plastic,silverandgold.Chopsticksplay6.________importantroleinChinesefoodculture.Chinesechopsticksareusually9to10incheslong.Theyareroundontheeatingendwhichsymbolizesheaven,andtheotherendissquarewhichsymbolizesearth.Thisisbecause7.________(maintain)anenoughfoodsupplyisthegreatestconcernbetweenheavenandearth.ThereisanoldChinesecustommakingchopstickspartofagirl'sdowry(嫁妆)sincethe8.________(pronounce)ofkuaiziissimilartothewordsfor“quick”and“son”．Chopsticksare9.________(frequent)usedindailylife.Theyhavebecomemorethanakindoftablewareandhaveestablishedasetofetiquette(礼仪)andcustomsof10.________(they)own.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主题语境是人与社会。文章介绍了中国筷子的历史以及与筷子相关的风俗习惯。1．with[考查介词。表示工具或手段可运用介词by或者with。依据空格后的复数名词chopsticks可确定此处答案为with。]2．weredeveloped[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：据信，中国最早的筷子是在五千多年前被独创的。主语从句的主语是复数名词chopsticks，和develop构成被动关系，再依据时间状语over5,000yearsago可知，此处运用一般过去时的被动语态，故填weredeveloped。]3．earliest[考查形容词的比较等级。句意：一双青铜筷子的最早的证据出土于河南安阳旁边的殷墟，可以追溯到大约公元前1200年。定冠词the用在形容词最高级前面，再结合句子意思可知此处运用形容词最高级，故填earliest。]4．which[考查非限制性定语从句。句意：筷子在中国各地的尺寸大致相同，可以用多种材料制成，包括竹子、木材、塑料、银和金。先行词chopsticks指物，从句中缺主语，故运用关系代词which。]5．materials[考查名词的数。avarietyof(各种各样的)后面跟名词的复数形式，故填materials。]6．an[考查冠词。句意：筷子在中国饮食文化中扮演着重要的角色。playarolein在……中扮演角色。此处important以元音音素开头，运用不定冠词an。]7．maintaining[考查非谓语动词。句意：这是因为维持足够的食物供应是天地之间最大的关注。此处because引导的表语从句中缺少主语，所给词maintain是动词，因此应运用动名词作主语，故填maintaining。]8．pronunciation[考查名词。句意：中国有一个古老的习俗，那就是使筷子成为女孩嫁妆的一部分，因为筷子的发音与“快”和“子”相像，依据句子结构可知此处用名词，依据后面谓语动词is可确定此处运用名词单数形式，因此填pronunciation。]9．frequently[考查副词。句意：筷子日常生活中常常用。此处修饰used，应运用副词，故填frequently。]10．their[考查代词。句意：它们已经不仅仅是一种餐具，而且已经形成了自己的一套礼仪和习俗。此处应用形容词性物主代词，且表示“它们的”，故填their。]话题写作Step1.写作要点(依据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)①很多人认为文化遗产属于全人类而不是个人。Manypeopleholdtheviewthatculturalrelicsbelong_to_human_beings_rather_thanindividuals.②文化遗产很值得爱护。Culturalrelicsare_well_worth_protecting.③有些人想方设法地找寻它们，并非法地占有它们。Somepeopletakegreatpainsto_search_forthemandtakepossessionofthemillegally.④其中一些文化遗产已遭破坏，只有少数幸免于难。Someoftheculturalrelicshavebeendamagedwhile_only_a_few_have_survived.⑤我们每一个人都应尽最大努力爱护它们免遭破坏。Eachofusshouldmake_all_efforts_to_protect_them_from_being_destroyed.⑥毫无疑问，爱护好文化遗产是我们的责任。Without_doubt，itisourdutytoprotectculturalrelics.Step2.表达升级(变更所给句子的结构以使表达升级)①运用定语从句把①②句合并为一句Many_people_hold_the_view_that_cultural_relics，which_belong_to_human_beings_rather_than_individuals，are_well_worth_protecting.②把句⑥升级为一个同位语从句There_is_no_doubt_thatitisourdutytoprotectculturalrelics.Step3.连接成文(利用恰当的过渡连接词语连句成篇)Manypeopleholdtheviewthatculturalrelics，whichbelongtohumanbeingsratherthanindividuals，arewellworthprotecting.However,somepeopletakegreatpainstosearchforthemandtakepossessionofthemillegally.Someoftheculturalrelicshavebeendamagedwhileonlyafewhavesurvived.So,eachofusshouldmakealleffortstoprotectthemfrombeingdestroyed.Thereisnodoubtthatitisourdutytoprotectculturalrelics.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2024·山东泰安四模)Holidaysarenotnecessarilyforfunorrest.Doingsomethingmeaningfulcanalsogainspecialpleasure.Whenthefinalbellrang，thestudentswereremindedthattherewasnoschoolonMonday—LaborDay.“Enjoyy