专题38 八省联考阅读微技能之写作手法题（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）

专题38八省联考阅读微技能之写作手法题（满分攻略+八省名校模拟）原卷版（山西、河南、陕西、内蒙古、四川、云南、宁夏、青海）技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，提供高效提分干货，帮你举一反三提分高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。一、根据文章题材来判断。①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。二、根据“原文定位”来判断。先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。①bygivingexamples通过举例。标志词:forexample,forinstance ②byanalyzingcauses通过分析原因。标志词：asaresult/consequence③bygivingdefinitions通过下定义。标志词：thatistosay④bylistingdata/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字⑤bydescribingaprocess 通过描述过程。标志词：first,second,third,finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵循时间顺序。标志词：in1920，inthe1940s,nowadays⑦bymakingcomparisons/contrast通过对比。标志词：but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications通过分类。标志词：first,next,then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通过分析因果。标志词：Thatisbecause….⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分技巧和应试思维！(2020年浙江卷第29题)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit.Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(协调),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests? A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality. D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！【01】（24-25高三上·福建龙岩·期中）Adrenaline(肾上腺素),alsoknownasepinephrine,isatypeofhormonethatisreleasedwheneverapersonexperiencesfear,anxiety,orstress.Infact,assoonasyourbrainsensesdanger,ittellsyourbodytostartmakingadrenaline.Thehormonemovesthroughyourbloodstreamquicklyandjumpsintoactionbybindingitselftomoleculescalledadrenoceptors,whichcanbefoundincellsinalmosteveryorgan.Whenalargeamountofthechemicalisproducedallatonce—morethan10timeshigherthanwhenyou’recalm—it’scalledanadrenalinerush.Thatfloodhaslotsofnoticeableeffects,andeachoneisintendedtoprotectyouinadangeroussituation.Yourpupils(瞳孔)willwidentoletmorelightintoyoureyessothatyoucanseemoreofyoursurroundings.Yourbrainbeginstoworkfastertodrawupaplan.Yourheartbeatsmorerapidlyandpumpsextrabloodtoyourmuscles,alsodeliveringanincreaseofoxygenfromyourlungs.Alloftheseeffectsaccumulateintonervous,anxiousfeelings.That’swhyitmightseemasifyourheadisspinning,yourthoughtsareracing,oryourheartisbeatingoutofyourchest.Despitewhatsuperherostoriesmighttellyou,there’snotmuchevidencethatthehormonegivesyouextrastrength.Instead,expertsthinkthatgreatachievements-likeaparentliftingacaroffatrappedkid-happenwhensomekindofpsychologicalswitchgetsflipped(按动).Thatis,unlessyou’reunderseriouspressure,youmightunderestimatewhatyourbodyisreallycapableof.Ingeneral,adrenalinerusheshavepreparedanimalsforstressfulsituationsformillionsofyears.Theglands(腺)thatproducethestimulatingchemicalarefoundinanyspecieswithabackbone.Evendinosaurslikelyhadthestimulatingstuffpumpingthroughtheirveins(静脉).EarlypeoplelikeHomoerectusandHomohabilisprobablyfeltfearandnervousnessastheywanderedthroughtheprehistoricjungles.Whenapopquizmakesyousweatytoday,youfeelthesametensionthathelpedyourancestors10,000generationsagodefeatfiercelions.1.Whatcanbelearnedconcerningan“adrenalinerush”?A.Itcontrolsthelevelofthehormone.B.Itmakespassivefeelingsdisappear.C.Itleadshumanstofeelenergetic.D.Itresultsfromastressfulsituation.2.Howisparagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byexplainingconcepts. B.Byprovidingexactdata.C.Bydescribingdetails. D.Bymakingcomparisons.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A.Adrenalinegivesextrastrengthlikeinsuperherotales.B.Greatachievementsareduetopsychologicalswitch,notadrenaline.C.Aparentliftingacaroffatrappedchildisimpossiblewithoutadrenaline.D.Adrenalinerusheshaveonlybeenimportantforanimalsrecently.4.What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheroleof“adrenalinerushes”?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.【02】（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期中）Natureisoneofthegreatestsourcesofinspirationforengineersandcomputerscientiststodevelopnewtechnologicaltools.Overthepastdecadeorso,roboticistshavedevelopedcountlessrobotsinspiredbythebehaviorandbiologicalmechanismsofsnakes,fish,birds,insectsandcountlessotheranimals.ResearchersatBeijingInstituteofTechnologyrecentlydesignedanewbio-inspiredrobotthatcanmaintainitsbalanceusingtail-likemechanism.Therobotismadeupofamainbody,twowheelsandthetail-inspiredcomponent,whichiscontrolledbyanadaptivecontrollerthatallowsittoturnindifferentdirectionswithinanareaparallel(平行的)totherobot’swheels.Thespecificpattersthataredesignedtoincreasetherobot’sstabilityarecalculatedusingtheso-calledLyapunovstabilitytheorem,whichisatheoreticalconstructthatdescribesthestabilityofdynamicsystems.Mostexistingapproachestobalancingvehicleswithtwowheelsworkbycollectingavehicle’sbodyheightdatausinganinertial(惯性的)measurementunit(IMU),whichisanelectronicdevicethatcanmeasureaspecificforceactingonabodyorobject.ConventionalapproachesprocessthedatacollectedbyanIMUdeviceandthencarryoutbalancingstrategiesaccordingly,typicallybyadjustingitstilt(倾斜的)angle.Whilemanyoftheseapproachesachievedsatisfactoryresults,thedesignputforwardbythisteamofresearchersintroducesapracticalalternativethatdoesnotinvolveadjustingtherobot’stiltangle.Itisoneofthefewexistingtechniquesthatareinspiredbythetailsofanimals,toenhanceawheeledrobot’sbalancewhileconsideringuncertaintyintheenvironment.Theresearchersevaluatedtheeffectivenessofthetail-likeroboticmechanisminaseriesoftests.Theirfindingswereverypromising.aswhentherobotlostitsbalanceinthetestedenvironment,theartificial“tail”wasabletore-balanceitwithinnomorethan3.5seconds.Inthefuture,thistail-likemechanismcouldbeadaptedtoenhancethestabilityandbalanceofotherexistingornewlydevelopedrobots.Inaddition,thefindingsgatheredaspartofthisstudycouldinspireotherroboticiststodesignsimilartail-likecomponents.1.What’sspecialaboutthenewrobot?A.Itisabio-inspiredrobot.B.Itisidenticaltoaninsect.C.Its“tail”promotesthestabilitycontrol.D.Itswheelsareusedtosustainitsbalance.2.Howareparagraphs3and4mainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Bysettinganexample.C.Byanalyzingreasons. D.Bymakingcomparisons.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5referto?A.Theadaptivecontroller. B.Thebio-inspiredrobot.C.Thetail-likecomponent. D.Thesurroundingenvironment.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Reasonsfortheresearch. B.Potentialsoftheresearch.C.Complexitiesoftheresearch. D.Challengesoftheresearch.【03】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）PsychologyTodayexplainsthatbodylanguageincludesthewaythathumanssendunspokensignalstooneanother.Posture,handgestures,andeventhetiniestfacialexpressionsareunderstoodbypeoplewhomightnotevenrealizethattheyareseeingthem.Aperson’sfacialexpressionscanwarnothersaboutdanger.Forexample,saysomeoneopensarefrigeratorandtakesalargemouthfulofsouredmilk.Atwisted(扭曲的)expressionandwideeyesdirectlysendthemessage,“Leavethisalone!”thussparingothersthesorryexperienceoftryingthemilkforthemselves.Somehumansignalsarenaturallyunderstood.Imagineyoulookoutyourwindowandobserveapasserbyhurryingalongthesidewalkwithhisarmswrappedaroundhimself.Yourfirstreactionwouldundoubtedlybe,“It’scoldandwindyoutside.”Inaone-on-oneconversation,apersonwiththeirarmscrossedsendsanunspokensignalthattheyareprotectingtheirpersonalspace.Thatpersonmight,however,simplybetiredorcold.Brainresearchersexplainthatfeelingshappenbeforeourthoughts.Thetimebetweenthemisveryshort,butthat’slongenoughforanobservanthumantosensethehunger,anger,impatienceorhappinessofanotherpersondirectly.Humansareexpertsatquicklyunderstandinganotherperson’sattitude,andtheydoitbeforeasinglesentenceisspoken.Peoplenaturallymakeeyecontactwhenmeetinganotherhuman.Eventhoughsomeadultshavelearnedtogenerallycontrolbasicfacialfeatures,theeyestellusmuch.Whenapersonlooksintotheeyesofsomeonetheyadmire,theirpupils(瞳孔)maywiden,thesameaswhentheyseeanobjectthattheywantverymuch.Bodylanguagecreatesanimpressiononanyoneandeveryoneyoumeet.Tomakeapositiveimpression,smilewhenyoumeetsomeone.Bodylanguageisn’tmind-readingnordoesitgiveinsightintowhatanotherpersonisthinking.Whenreadingpeoplecarefully,bodylanguagehelpsyouunderstandwhatanotherpersonwantsorplanstodo.1.WhatdoweknowfromParagraphs2through4?A.Bodylanguagecommunicatespeople’sdiscomfort.B.Bodylanguageexpresseswhatpeoplecan’tsay.C.Peopleoftenusethesamebodylanguagetoshowtheirfeelings.D.Peoplemakemistakeswhenunderstandingothers’bodylanguage.2.Howcanweleaveotherswithagoodimpressionaccordingtotheauthor?A.Byobservingotherscarefully. B.Bylookingatothers’eyesnaturally.C.Byexpressingourthoughtsdirectly. D.Bymakingafriendlyexpression.3.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Bymakingcomparisons. B.Byprovidingexamples.C.Bypresentingresearchfindings. D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Readpeoplelikebooks B.ThoughtsorfeelingsC.Usebodylanguagewell D.Theartofcommunication【04】（2024·山西大同·期中）Debateaboutartificialintelligence(AI)tendstofocusonitspotentialdangers:algorithmic(算法)discrimination,themassdestructionofjobsandeven,somesay,theextinctionofhumanity.Assomeobserversworry,however,othersarefocusingonthepotentialrewards.AIcould,theyclaim,helphumanitysolvesomeofitsbiggestandtoughestproblems.And,theysay,AIwilldothisinaveryspecificway:byspeedingthepaceofscientificdiscovery,especiallyinareassuchasmedicine,climatescienceandgreentechnology.Suchclaimsareworthexamining,andmayheadofffearsaboutlarge-scaleunemploymentandkillerrobots.Manyprevioustechnologieshave,ofcourse,beenfalselypraisedaspanaceas(灵丹妙药).Theelectrictelegraphwaspraisedinthe1850sasasignofworldpeace.Expertsinthe1990ssaidtheinternetwouldreduceinequality.ButthemechanismbywhichAIwillsupposedlysolvetheworld’sproblemshasastrongerhistoricalbasis,becausetherehavebeenseveralperiodsinhistorywhennewapproachesandnewtoolsdidhelpbringaboutburstsofworld-changingscientificdiscoveryandinnovation.Inthe17thcenturymicroscopesandtelescopesopenedupnewvistasofdiscovery,whiletheintroductionofscientificjournalsgaveresearchersnewwaystosharetheirfindings.Fromthemid-20thcentury,computersinturnhaveenablednewformsofsciencebasedonsimulationandmodelling,fromthedesignofweaponsandaircrafttomoreaccurateweatherforecasting.Andthecomputerrevolutionmaynotbefinishedyet.Asisreported,AItoolsandtechniquesarenowbeingappliedinalmosteveryfieldofscience,thoughthedegreeofadoptionvarieswidely.7.2%ofthepublishedpapersonphysicsandastronomylastyearinvolvedAI.AIisbeingemployedinmanyways.Itcanidentifypromisingcandidatesforanalysis,suchasmolecules(分子)withparticularpropertiesindrugdiscovery,ormaterialswiththecharacteristicsneededinbatteriesorsolarcells.Allthesearetobewelcomed.Butthejournalandthelaboratorywentfurtherstill:theyalteredscientificpracticeitselfandunlockedmorepowerfulmeansofmakingdiscoveries.AIhasthepotentialtosetoffsuchatransformation.1.Howdoesparagraph1mainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingevidence.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.Bymakingclassification.D.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.2.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexperts’opinioninthe1990s?A.Optimistic.B.Objective.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned.3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinparagraph4?A.Scientificjournalsbringaboutsuccessfuldataanalysis.B.Scientificjournalsandcomputersremovepeople’sdiscrimination.C.Scientificdiscoveryandinnovationhavesomepotentialproblems.D.Scientificgreatprogressesbenefitfromnewapproachesandnewtools.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowAIGreatlyChangesScienceB.WhyAIDecidesHumanBeings’FutureC.WhenHumanBeingsNoLongerFearAID.WhereAIPerformsBetterinScientificFields【05】（24-25·陕西安康·期中）Mixingconcreteandcarbonpowder(粉末)couldenablehousestostoreanentireday’sworthofenergyintheirconcretefoundations.Thisinnovativemethodofcreatingasupercapacitor(电容器)—analternativetobatteries—canbeusedtoconstructthefoundationsofbuildings.Whencombinedwithrenewableenergysources,itevencouldwirelesslyrechargeelectricvehiclesastheydrivealong.“Thematerialsareavailabletoeveryoneallovertheplace,allovertheworld,”saysFranz-JosefUlmattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).Heandhiscolleaguesshowedhowthesupercapacitorcanbemixedwithwatertoformasolidblockwithcarbon-filledwire-likestructures.Whentheconcreteisplacedinanelectrolytesolution(电解液),itwillserveasacapacitor,enablingenergystorage.Theresearcherssaythatthenextstepmightbetocreate12-voltsupercapacitorsthatcanbeconnectedtoprovidemorechargingpowerforlargedevices.Theycalculatedthataconcreteblocksimilartoacube3.5metresoneachsidecouldstore10kilowatt-hoursofenergy.ThatisaboutathirdoftheaveragedailyhouseholdelectricityuseintheUSandabout1.25timestheaverageintheUK.Thematerialcouldmaintainitscharginganddischargingcapabilitiesbeyond10,000cycles,whichmeans,intheory,thatitcouldprovideenergystorageforasolar-poweredhomeformorethan27years.Viableasitsounds,YuryGogotsiatDrexelUniversityinPennsylvanianotesthatoneengineeringchallengeistoreplaceconventionalconcretewithmaterialsbuiltwiththesupercapacitors,andthatkeepingthesupercapacitorwettedwiththeconductivesaltsolutionforthelifetimeofthebuildingorroadwouldbechallenging.Still,theMITteamexpressedoptimismabouthowmanypeopleworldwidecouldstartexperimentingwiththisrelativelysimpleblueprintforalow-costsupercapacitor.“Thefundamentalaspectofthistechnologyisthatit’stwohistorical,ancientmaterialsthatcometogether,thatwehaveknownforthousandsofyears,”saysAdmirMasicatMIT.1.Whatistheinnovativemethodintendedfor?A.Servingasabatterytostoreenergy.B.Enhancingthestrengthoftheconcrete.C.Reducingthecostofconstructingbuildings.D.Improvingthematerialforelectricvehicles.2.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byexplainingprinciples. B.Bygivingadefinition.C.Bymakingacomparison D.Bylistingnumbers.3.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“Viable”inParagraph4?A.Important. B.Practicable. C.Unusual. D.Difficult.4.WhatdoesAdmirMasicmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Thenewtechnologyispromising.B.Hedrawsablueprintforthenewmethod.C.Supercapacitorsstillhavealongwaytogo.D.Naturalmaterialsarevitaltothetechnology.【06】（2024·河南焦作·期中）TheUKisexperiencingaboominbookclubs,accordingtonewdatafromeventlistingcompanies.BookclublistingsontheticketingsiteEventbriteincreasedby350%between2019and2023.Between2022and2023alone,bookclublistingsonthesiteroseby41%.Anothereventlistingsite,Meetup,reporteda14%increaseinthenumberofRSVPstobookclubsbetweenJanuary2023andJanuary2024,comparedwitha4%increaseinRSVPsforallUK-basedevents.VictoriaOkafor,whoco-runsthebookclubBetween2Books,saidtheheightenedinterestinreadingmaybepartlytheresultofageneral“shiftinhobbies”,asGenZ(thegenerationaround00s)turnedtootherwaystospendtheirfreetime.Besides,duringtheglobalhealthcrisisperiod,manypeoplewereforcedtoslowdownandpickuporreignitehobbies,andonlinebookclubsprovidedaplatformtoconnectwithothers.Socialmediamaybehelpingwiththevisibilityofbookclubs,too,saidOkafor.“Peoplemaycomeacrossyourpageaccidentally,butfromtherepeoplehavetheknowledgetoattendshouldtheywish.Ithinkthismakesabigdifferencecomparedtojusthearingthingsfromwordofmouth.”ManyofthebookclubslistedonEventbritecarryspecificthemes—SheffieldFeministBookClub,BringYourBabyBookClub,andModernChineseLiteratureOnlineBookClub.Okafor’sclub,Between2Books,focusesonbooksbywriterstraditionallyexcluded(排除)fromtheclassics.Shethoughtshebeganseekingoutsuchstories“embarrassinglylate”.“Readingauthorsofcolorbroughtbackajoytomyreadingthatcamefromnotonlyseeingelementsofmyselfandculturereflectedinnovelsbutalsoreadingstoriesthatcouldbefunnyorempoweringasopposedtotheaccountsofstrugglethatcanoftensurroundstoriesofpeopleofcolor,”shesaid.“ThevarietyofbooksmakesreadinganddiscussionsorichandIthinkthat’swhatattendersaredrawnto.”1.Howisparagraph1mainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bylistingfigures.C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bypresentingtheories.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reignite”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Return. B.Reward. C.Regain. D.Reconnect.3.Whichisoneofthereasonsfortheboomofbookclubs?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmedia. B.Therecommendationofoldgenerations.C.GenZhavingastrongerthirstforknowledge. D.Somepeopleshiftingthefocusoftheirlives.4.WhatattractspeopletojoinOkafor’sclubaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Thediversityofbooks. B.Thereputationofwriters.C.Thehumoroftheworks. D.Thesuggestionoftheorganizer.【07】（2024·湖南长沙·一模）BoxingDayisaninstitutionintheBritishcalendar,butthereisnocommonconsensusastohowitgotitsname.Accordingtosome,itcanbetracedbacktotheVictorianerawhenchurchesoftendisplayedaboxintowhichtheirparishioners(教区居民)putdonations.However,accordingtohistorianDrNeilArmstrong,thenamingofBoxingDaydatesbacktothe17thcentury.Thiswastheday,hesaid,whenapprenticeswouldhaveaboxfortheiremployerstotipthemacoinortwo.Whiletheboxesmayhavedisappeared,thecustomoftippinghasremained.IntheVictorianage,thecustomevolved.OnBoxingDay,mosttradespeoplewouldgivetheirclientsagifttoensuretheircustom.Therewereconcerns,saidDrArmstrong,thatthiswasaformofbribery(行贿).Thiscustomdeclinedinthe20thcenturyasfewerpeoplehadrelationshipswiththeirlocalbusinessesandshopsfollowingtheriseofsupermarketsandshoppingcentres.“ItmaynotbethereasonwhyBoxingDaygotitsname,butcharitablegivingwascloselyassociatedwithBoxingDayintheVictorianera,"saidDrArmstrong."Inthemid-19thcenturytherebegantobeindiscriminate(随意的)charitablegiving.Thiswouldoftenbebegging,andchildrenwereusuallysentouttodothisjob.”Nevertheless,thehabitofgenerouscharitablegivinghascontinuedtobeassociatedwiththefestiveperioduptothepresentday.BoxingDaycontinued,however,tobeanormalworkingdayuntil1871,whenitwasfinallyclassedasapublicholiday."TheywouldoftenbeworkinguntilverylateonChristmasEve,sotheywantedabreakonBoxingDay,"DrArmstrongsaid.Thenitbecameknownasadayofleisure.Organisedsportingeventssuchasfootballmatchesbecamepopular—atraditionwhichhascarriedonuntiltoday.BoxingDayisobservedintheUnitedKingdom,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,SouthAfricaandsomeotherCommonwealthnations.InAmerica,December26isknownastheDayafterChristmasDay,andisobservedasaholidayinonlyafewstates.1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“institution”inthefirstparagraph?A.Charitysystem. B.Unpopularfestival.C.Localorganization. D.Socialconvention.2.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtimeorder. D.Bymakingclassification.3.Accordingtothepassage,whydidtheBoxingDaycustomofgivinggiftsdeclineinthe20thcentury?A.Becauseoftheindifferentrelationshipsbetweenpeople.B.Becauseoftheriseofsupermarketsandshoppingcentres.C.Becauseofastrictpolicy,whichbannedthisformofbribery.D.Becauseofthedecreaseinthenumberoftradespeople.4.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.ToexplaintheoriginofBoxingDay.B.ToexplainhowpeoplecelebrateBoxingDay.C.ToshowthatBoxingDayisnamedafterachurchdonationbox.D.ToadvisepeopletocelebrateBoxingDay.【08】（2024·宁夏银川·二模）FromMaytoOctoberinthesoutheasternUS,fivespeciesofturtles,fromloggerheadstoKemp’sridley,crawl(爬行)ashoreunderthecoverofnighttolaytheireggsontheverybeachtheywereborn.Duringthistime,thousandsofturtle-lovingvolunteerscombtheshorelineslookingfortheturtles’tracksaspartofanongoingefforttogatherpopulationdataandprotectthenests.However,it’snoteasytodetectturtleeggsasfemaleturtlesfrequentlymake“falsecrawls”,climbingoutofthewaterbutreturningwithoutlayingeggs.Andsinceseaturtlesdisturbhugeareasofsandtohidetheirnestsfrompredators(捕食者),humanmonitorsareoftenleftguessingwheretheeggsare.Now,anewstudysuggestsman’sbestfriendcandoitbetter.Asmell-detectingdognamedDoryfoundthelocationofseaturtleeggsmoreaccuratelythanhumanvolunteers,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyRebekahLindborg,aconservationistwithDisney’sAnimals,Science,andEnvironmentdivision.LindborgteamedupwithPepePeruyero,adogbehavioristwhohastrainedsmell-detectingdogsforover20years.PeruyeroselectedarescuedognamedDory,atwo-year-oldterriermixfoundwanderingalongaFloridahighway,astheproject’sposterdog.Overmonthsoftrainingona50-by-50-square-footartificialbeach,PeruyerotrainedDorytoalert(警觉)atthesmellof“cloacalmucus”,astickymatterthatcoatsaseaturtle’sfreshlylaideggs,withLindborgasherhandler.Then,theteamconvincedtheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommissiontoallowafriendlycompetition.Duringthepeaknestingseasons,twogroupswentaroundastretchofshorelineaboutfivemileslonginVeroBeach,Florida.Theterrieridentified560seaturtlenestsfromthreespecies,whilepeoplefoundonly256.Dorywasalsosignificantlybetterthanpeopleatchoosingwheretodigforeggs,greatlyreducingthenumberofholesdug,Lindborgreports.Andwhilehumanvolunteerscouldn’tfindtheeggsin14.8%ofnests,Doryonlyfailedtodeliver5.7%ofthetime.“Doryhasakeennoseforturtles,andthiscouldbeagamechanger,”saidLindborg.1.Howdofemaleturtlesmakeeggdetectionmoredifficult?A.Theymakemisleadingtracksinthesand.B.Theydestroytheireggsdeliberately.C.Theyputtheireggsinthewater.D.Theybuildnestseverywhere.2.WhatismosthelpfulforDoryinfindingturtlenests?A.Thenatureofdigging.B.Thesenseofcompetition.C.Thewarningfromitstrainer.D.Thematteronaturtle’snewlylaideggs.3.Howisparagraph6mainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydescribingcourses.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byofferingexplanations.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thekindnessofamanwhoprotectsturtlenests.B.Adogthatcanfindturtlenestssuccessfully.C.Thedifficultyofbuildingturtlenests.D.Anewdiscoveryaboutturtlenests【09】（24-25高三上·河南驻马店·期中）Theabilityofmusictoevoke(唤起)specific,oftenpowerfulfeelingsisnosecrettoanyonewhohaslistenedtoGustavMahler’s“SymphonyNo.5”,BillieHoliday’s“GodBlesstheChild”,theRamones’“IWannaBeSedated”,Lizzo’s“GoodasHell”oranyoftheothercountlesscompositionsthathavefoundtheirwayontoWesternplaylistsinthepastfewcenturies.Theemotionaleffectsofmusicarethepoint,ofcourse.Theyarealsothesubjectofafast-growingfieldofresearcharoundtheworldinwhichscientistsareexploringthenatureofthemany“subjectiveexpe