新概念英语第二册期末复习+副词课件

1.简单副词e.g.just,only,very,quite,well,here,back,up,down,out,

soon…2.复合副词e.g.somehow,somewhere,everywhere,upstairs,downstairs,

overnight,someday…

3.派生副词（1）形容词（包括分词）+-lye.g.actually,angrily,fortunately,evidently,obviously,seemingly,

interestingly,determinedly,hurriedly…按照构成形态分类1许多简单副词表示位置和方向。提示（2）方向副词+-ward(s)e.g.eastward(s),northward(s),homeward(s),outward(s)…（3）名词+-wisee.g.clockwise,crabwise(横向地),crosswise,sidewise,money-wise(在金钱方面)…大多数派生副词都有-ly后缀。常常可以解释为ina…manner,toa…degree,ina…respect。提示1提示2少数以-ly为后缀的形容词如friendly，不能再加-ly后缀，可代之以含manner，way或fashion的介词词组表意，如“Theygrinnedatherinafriendlyway

andshereturnedtheirsmiles.”。提示3没有-s的形式常见于美式英语或书面英语，有-s的常见于英式英语。提示-wise的构词力有限，主要表示某种方式、尺度或方面。提示1.方式副词：表示动作或过程的进行方式。e.g.angrily,happily,rudely,politely,coldly,warmly,quickly,

slowly,suddenly…e.g.“Goatoncethen!”sherepliedangrily.

Quickly,shejumpedtoherfeetandlookedaround.2.程度副词：表示动作或状态的发展程度。e.g.almost,awfully,completely,considerably,greatly,nearly,partly,pretty,slightly,hardly,(a)little,much…e.g.Iamawfully

gladsheisn’tdead.（强化作用）Thetrafficwasmovingpretty

slowly.（弱化作用）按照词汇意义分类2方式副词多以-ly结尾，相当于ina…manner/way。提示对形容词和副词常起到强化或弱化的作用。提示3.频度副词：表示动作或状态发生的频度。e.g.always,usually,often,sometimes,frequently,occasionally,

rarely,seldom,hardlyever,never…e.g.Heisalwaysveryhelpfultootherpeople.They

seldom

watch

television

these

days.4.时间副词：表示动作或状态发生的时间。e.g.ago,already,before,early,late,lately,lateron,recently,finally,immediately,now,justnow,recently,yesterday,

today,tomorrow,shortly,soon…频度大小依次为always>usually/regularly/normally/generally>often/frequently>sometimes/occasionally>rarely/hardlyever/scarcelyever/seldom>never。提示e.g.Prices

have

gonedown

recently.

Later

on

I

learnedhowto

read

music.5.地点副词：表示动作或状态发生的地点。e.g.above,abroad,around,across,along,away,back,backwards,

below,up,down,here,there,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,elsewhere,in,on,over,out,home,near,past,inside,outside…e.g.I

carried

her

bags

upstairs.Heshowedhistickettotheconductorandgoton.today，tomorrow，yesterday等也可用作名词。提示above，around，across，along，below，in，on，over等也可用作介词。提示1.动词词组中修饰动词e.g.Theycompletelyignoredmyviews.

（completely强调ignored的程度）Shekindofhopedtobeinvited.(=tosomeextent)2.形容词词组中修饰形容词e.g.Twomenwereinthestreet,oneofwhomseemedslightly

familiar.IwasthathungryIcouldhaveeatenahorse.(=so)副词在词组中作修饰语1kindof/sortof在极通俗的口语中可用作副词，意为“在某种程度上”。提示that在非正式语体中可作副词，用于强调感情或品质的程度，意为“那样”。提示3.副词词组中修饰副词e.g.Doitrightnow.Shecookswellenough.

4.介词词组中修饰介词e.g.Ican’treachit;it’swellovermyhead.（远远地）

Hisparentsaredeadagainstthetrip.（完全地）5.修饰限定词e.g.Virtuallyallthestudentsparticipatedinthediscussion.Ididn’thavemorethanadollaronme.副词在各类词组中作修饰语，对所修饰的动词、形容词、副词、介词等起强调、强化、弱化等作用，同词组中的其他成分共同构成各类词组。提示6.修饰名词词组（程度副词quite，rather等）e.g.That’squiteastory.She’sratherafool.

注意：副词在词组中作后置修饰语的两种情况1.enough，indeed修饰形容词、副词时后置e.g.Thisshirt

isn’t

big

enough.

This

machine

isvery

good

indeed.

2.有些表示方位和时间的副词作名词修饰语时，习惯上后置e.g.thesentencebelow,theweathertomorrow,yourfriendhere,themeetingyesterday…作此用法的quite，rather用作强化语，尤其在英式英语中。提示意义：表示动作、过程、状态等发生和存在的时间、地点、方式等。类别：主要由时间副词、地点副词、方式副词等充当。1.时间副词词组位置：句尾、句中、句首e.g.Theyhadanaccidentrecently.

Theyrecentlyhadanaccident.

Recentlytheyhadanaccident.

Themanwastakentoapolicestation.Therehewassearched

andfoundtobecarryingaquantityofheroin.（衔接上文）副词词组在句中作修饰性状语2置于句首往往与句子的信息结构有关，用以突出强调状语或者衔接上文。提示2.方式副词词组位置：句尾（通常）、句首（有时）e.g.Healwaysdrivescarefully.

Suddenlyavoicewasheardontheloudspeaker.3.地点副词词组位置：句尾（通常）、句首（有时）e.g.Thecaptaintoldthesailorstogobelow.I

carried

her

bags

upstairs.

Itwaswarmandcomfortableinthelittlecottage.Outside,

itwasgettingdark.（对照）在叙事文中，方式副词可置于句首，以取得制造悬念等戏剧性效果。提示置于句首可以表示对照或强调。提示4.句中位置状语的顺序（1）如有助动词，状语通常紧接其后，或在第一个助动词之后。e.g.Thosekidsare

alwayshangingaroundthestreets.

Thingswill

soonbelookingup.（2）紧接在普通动词be之后。e.g.Thiscamerais

definitelyfaulty.（3）如有一般时态动词，状语放在动词之前。e.g.Weusually

dealwiththemailfirst.

5.句尾位置状语的顺序（1）如有宾语，状语通常置于其后。e.g.Iwrappedtheparcelcarefully.（2）通常较短的状语放在较长的前面。e.g.Apolicemaninspectedthecarthoroughly

inaveryofficious

manner.（3）时间、地点、方式的通常语序是：方式

地点

时间。e.g.Theyplayedbrilliantly

inCoventry

onSaturday.

方式

地点

时间

（他们星期六在考文垂踢得很出色。）（4）如动词和状语有紧密的语义联系，则该状语直接跟在动词后面。e.g.Theywent

outside

slowly.

地点方式Whydidyoucome

home

late?

地点时间汉语的通常顺序是“时间

地点

方式”。提示come，go等表运动的动词与表方向的地点状语有紧密的语义联系。提示（5）方式、时间、地点通常位于频率前面。e.g.Sarahgetsupearly

occasionally.

时间

频率1.评注性状语意义和用法：主要由副词词组充当，修饰整个句子，表示说话人对话语的态度和看法。位置：常位于句首，并用逗号与句子隔开。e.g.Unfortunately,theshowwasoneofthedullestwehave

everseen.

Frankly,I’dliketousemybrainalittlemore.2.连接性状语意义和用法：通常由连接副词充当，在分句和分句之间起连接作用。位置：一般位于句首，也可位于句中。副词词组在句中作评注性状语和连接性状语3有时也可位于句尾和句中。（详见3.2）提示e.g.Doitnow.Otherwiseitwillbetoolate.（句首）

Tomhasn’tarrivedyet.Hemay,however,comelater.

（句中）1.clean/cleanlyclean:completely；entirely“完全地；整个地”cleanly:precisely；easily；smoothly“准确地；利落地”e.g.Icleanforgotaboutit.

Thisknifedoesn’tcutcleanly.

2.pretty/prettilypretty:fairly；moderately“相当地；适当地”

prettily:inaprettyway；attractively“漂亮地，吸引人地”e.g.She’spretty

good.Marydressesprettily.意义完全不同1前者是程度副词，修饰形容词或副词，后者是方式副词，与“漂亮”有关。提示3.hard/hardlyhard:withgreateffort“努力地”hardly:almostnot“几乎不”e.g.Hehasbeenworkinghardallthemorning.Shewassofrightenedthatshecouldhardlyspeak.4.late/latelylate:aftertheusualtime“晚；迟”lately:recently“最近”e.g.Ellenhasto

worklate

tonight.I’vebeenverybusylately.前者是方式副词，后者是频度副词，有否定含义。提示late是early的反义词。lately不与一般过去时连用，常用于现在完成体。提示1.clear/clearlyclear:

①completely;quite“完全地”

②nottouching;wellawayfrom“不接触；避开”常见搭配：standclearof；keepclearof

③distinctly“清晰地”常见搭配：loudandclear；shineclearclearly:withoutconfusion;distinctly;obviously“清晰地；明显地”e.g.Youcanseecleartothemountainstoday.Standclearofthegates.Canyouseeclearlyfromhere?Heisclearlywrong.部分同义，部分异义2clearly用来修饰形容词或动词。提示2.close/closelyclose:

①near“（时间、空间上）靠近；接近”

②almost“（用于数字前）接近”closely:①tightly;thoroughly;carefully“严密地；仔细地”

②toaverygreat

degree“在很大程度上；密切地”e.g.Helives

closetotheschool.Thetotalwas

close

to

20%

ofthe

workforce.

Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.

Ihavebeen

closelyinvolved

intheworkofbothcommittees.3.dead/deadlydead:

①completely;suddenly;exactly“完全地；突然地；确实地”

②very;extremely“非常；极度”deadly:

①horribly;likedead“死一般地”常见搭配：deadlypale；deadlycold

②extremely“极其；非常”常见搭配：deadlyserious；deadlydulle.g.You’redeadright.Shestoppeddead.Heisdeadtired.His

faceturned

deadly

pale.Lifeinasmalltowncouldbedeadlydull.4.direct/directlydirect:

①withoutstoppingorchangingdirection“（谈论旅程、路线）直接；径直”

②withoutinvolvingotherpeople“亲自；直接”directly:

①inaforthrightmanner;candidly“直接地；坦率地”

②atonce;immediately“立刻；马上”

e.g.WeflewdirecttoHongKong.Iprefertodealwithhimdirect.Sheansweredmeverydirectlyandopenly.Sheleftdirectlyaftertheshow.5.fair/fairlyfair:accordingtotherules

“按照规则；公正地”常见搭配：fairandsquare（光明正大地）；playfair（办事公正合理；行为光明磊落）；hitfair（按规则出击）；fightfair（依照规则开打）fairly:

①tosomeextentbutnotvery“一定地；相当地”（修饰形容词和副词）常见搭配：fairlygood/safe/certain/well/soon

②inafairandreasonableway;honestly“公平合理地；公正地”常见搭配：fairlyandsquarelye.g.They’llrespectyouaslongasyouplayfair.Igojoggingfairlyregularly.Hehasalwaystreatedmefairly.fairly多与褒义的形容词和副词连用。提示6.right/rightlyright:

①exactly;directly“正好；恰好；直接地”

②completely;alltheway“完全地；一直”

③immediately“立即；马上”④correctly“正确地；确切地”（用于动词之后）⑤notleft“右边”rightly:

①foragoodreason“正当地；理由充分地”

（用于形容词之前）

②correctly“正确地”（用于动词之前）e.g.Youguessed

right.Yourightlyguessedthatshewasanurse.Theyarerightlyproudoftheirchildren.7.sharp/sharplysharp:①exactly“（准时）…整”

②turningsuddenlytotheleftorright“（左/右）急转”sharply:suddenlyandbyalargeamount“急剧地；突然大幅度地”e.g.Pleasebehereateleveno’clocksharp.Atthecrossroadsweturnedsharptotheleft.Theroadfellsharplytothesea.1.easy/easily

easy：只在某些固定搭配中作副词常见搭配：Takeiteasy./Easiersaidthandone./Goeasy./Standeasy./Easycome,easygo.easily:withoutproblemsor

difficulties“容易地”e.g.Theywonquiteeasily.

意义相同，用法不尽相同32.high/highlyhigh：在某些搭配中用作副词常见搭配：aimhigh,holdone’sheadhigh,playhigh,searchhighandlow,runhigh,flyhigh…highly:①withadmirationorpraise“钦佩地；赞赏地”

②very“很；非常”（修饰形容词）

③atortoahighstandard,leveloramount“高标准地；高级地；大量地”e.g.Thepainterclimbedhighontheladder.Ifyouwanttobesuccessful,youhavetoaimhigh.Hespokehighlyofher.It’shighlyunlikelythatshe’llbelate.She’s

a

highly

paid

TV

presenter.highly常指抽象的“高”。提示3.firm/firmlyfirm：在某些搭配中用作副词常见搭配：standfirm,holdfirmtofirmly:inastrongordefiniteway“坚定地；坚固地”e.g.She

held

firm

to

her

principles.Ifirmlybelievethat.Fixthepostfirmlyintheground.

4.slow/slowlyslow：美式英语口语；用于交通标志slowly：正式场合；动词之前；位于句首e.g.Driveslow!Slow,dangerousbend!Thenhespokeslowly,butIcouldnotunderstandhim.Sheslowly

openedthedoorandwentout.

Slowly,

he

clawed

hisway

out

from

under

the

collapsed

building.

5.tight/tightlytight:

非正式语体；常位于动词之后tightly：正式场合；尤其在-ed分词之前e.g.Sheclaspedhishandtightinbothofhers.Hecaughtherhandandheldittightly.Themouthofthejarwastightlysealed.

6.wrong/wronglywrong：非正式语体；常位于动词之后wrongly：较正式语体；动词之前e.g.Youguessed

wrong.Theletterwaswrongly

addressed.

Bottlesfromthisregionsell______atabout$50acase.

A.B.C.D.entirelytotallywholesaletogether该题是副词辨析题。entirely和totally都是“completely（完全地）”的意思；together意为“一起；共同”；作副词用的wholesale意为“以批发方式”，可以与动词sell搭配，符合语境，因此C为正确答案。本地区的瓶子批发价格为50美元一箱。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodifiesanadverb?A.B.C.D.Doitrightnow.Thatwasaveryfunnyfilm.Iratherlikemyteacher.Wewalkedabout6miles.该题考查副词在词组中作修饰语。A句意为“现在马上就做吧”，句中right是副词，修饰时间副词now，因此A为正确答案。B句意为“那是一部非常有趣的电影”，句中副词very修饰形容词funny；C句意为“我倒很喜欢我的老师”，副词rather修饰动词like；D句意为“我们走了大约6英里的路程”，副词about修饰限定词“6”。下列哪个斜体部分修饰副词？Hefeelsthatheisnotyet_______totravelabroad.

A.B.C.D.toostrongenoughstrongsostrongstrongenough该题考查enough作为副词的用法。enough在用作副词时，通常放在它所修饰的形容词、副词之后，因此D为正确答案。A项too…to结构本身含有否定意思，不能用于否定句；C项sostrong后不能接不定式，应该接that-分句。他感到他的身体还不够强壮，不适于到国外旅游。

Theteamhasbeenworkingovertimeontheresearchproject________.A.B.C.D.latelyjustnowlatelongago该题考查时间副词及现在完成体的用法。时间副词lately意为“最近；近来”，可用于现在完成体，因此A为正确答案。justnow，longago均为表过去时间的副词词组，不能用于现在完成体。late作为副词意为“迟；晚”，与句意不符。这个团队最近一直在为这个研究项目加班加点。WhichofthefollowingadverbscanNOTbeusedtocomplete“_____everybodycame”?A.B.C.D.NearlyQuitePracticallyAlmost该题考查程度副词的辨析。nearly，quite和almost都是表示程度的副词。nearly和almost都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词和介词词组等，此时两者常可互换，而quite除了能修饰形容词、副词、动词、分词外，还能修饰名词、介词词组等，但不能修饰不定代词。practically常用于口语表达中，相当于almost，nearly，可以修饰everybody。因此B为正确答案。下列哪个副词不能填入句中空格“________everybodycame”？Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk______far.A.B.C.D./suchthatas该题考查that作为副词修饰形容词的用法。that可用作副词，用于修饰形容词或副词，意为“那么；这么”。该题中that用于修饰形容词far，因此C为正确答案。参见《教程》（P270b）修饰形容词部分例句。我女儿今天走了八英里，我们从没有想到她能走那么远。IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI_________missedtheplane.A.B.C.D.onlyquitenarrowlyseldom该题考查副词narrowly的用法。narrowly修饰miss，lose等动词时意为“差一点就…”，其他副词only，quite和seldom均无此意，因此C为正确答案。我到达机场太晚了以至于差点就错过了飞机。本讲简单介绍了副词的分类，主要介绍了副词（词组）的主要句法功能，一些兼有两种形式的副词的用法，以及若干易混淆副词的语义辨析。副词包罗万象，类别繁多，是传统词类中最模糊不清、令人困惑的词类。学习中可首先熟悉副词的分类，特别是按其词汇意义的分类。作为词组的组成成分，副词在词组中作修饰语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词，除了enough，indeed外，都作前置修饰语，有些地点副词和时间副词能作后置修饰语修饰名词。作为句子成分，副词词组在句中作三种状语：修饰性状语、评注性状语、连接性状语。由于后两种状语是第3讲的主要内容之一，因此本讲可重点关注修饰性状语。修饰性状语的学习要注意各种修饰性状语的位置，先掌握通常的位置，再理解其他位置可能出于修辞上的需要。兼有两种形式的副词的用法是一个学习难点，学习中可以意义为中心区分为三类：“意义完全不同”、“部分同义，部分异义”、“意义相同，用法不尽相同”，着眼于意义上的差异，抓住主要不同点，如本义和引申义、位置差异、语体不同、常见搭配等来降低学习难度。若干副词之语义辨析部分清晰地介绍了一些易混淆副词在意义和用法上的差异，多数可以从词汇意义上作出区分，有的要考虑位置、语体、频度高低、语势强弱、褒贬色彩、时体结构等。1.02.03.04.Theterrain(地形)wasexplored(scientifically).Theargument(论据)wasabsurd(scientifically).Hemademeangry(thoroughly).Youhavestudiedthischapter(thoroughly).Theterrainwasscientificallyexplored./Theterrainwasexploredscientifically.Scientifically,theargumentwasabsurd./Theargumentwasabsurd,scientifically.Hemademethoroughlyangry.Youhavethoroughlystudiedthischapter./Youhavestudiedthischapterthoroughly.5.06.07.08.9.Thisismybusiness(hardly).Icanhearyou(hardly).Thisisforyourears(only).Thisisforyourears(alone).

Ispoketohermother(also).Thisishardlymybusiness./Thishardlyismybusiness.Icanhardlyhearyou.Thisisonlyforyourears./Thisisforyourearsonly.Thisisforyourearsalone.Ialsospoketohermother./Ispokealsotohermother./Also,Ispoketohermother.Wefeeldisheartened(sometimes).Sometimeswefeeldisheartened./Wefeeldisheartenedsometimes./Wesometimesfeeldisheartened.10.1.02.3.4.5.6.SorryIdidn’tturnup—I________forgot.(clean,cleanly)I’mafraidI’m________outoffood.(clean,cleanly)Thispenwrites________.(clean,cleanly)Come________!Iwanttotellyousomething.(close,closely)She’s________relatedtotheDukeofHalifax.(close,closely)Theplanegoes________fromLondontoHoustonwithoutstopping.(direct,directly)cleancleancleanlyclosecloselydirect7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.Let’smeet________afterlunch;thenI’lltakeyou________toyourroom.(direct,directly)Thisisasentence________quotedfromLatin.(direct,directly)I’mworkingtoo________thisyear.(hard,hardly)I’ve________gotanycleanclothesleft.(hard,hardly)I________recommendit.(high,highly)He’sveryambitious:heaims________.(high,highly)

I’mgetting________fedup.(pretty,prettily)Itservesyou________.(right,rightly)directlydirectdirectlyhardhardlyhighlyhighprettyright15.16.17.18.19.20.I________assumedthatHenrywasn’tcoming.(right,rightly)Heopenedthedoor________.(wide,widely)Ican’treadthis.It’s________dull.(dead,deadly)Theroadisverydangerous.Go________slow.(dead,deadly)Takeit________.(easy,easily)Alwayshold________toyourbeliefs.(firm,firmly)rightlywidedeadlydeadeasyfirmJohn:HaveyouseenGeorge(1.late/lately)?Tom:No,butIshallseehimatRotherham(2.short/shortly).Hehasenteredforthemileracethere.He(3.most/mostly)comes(4.first/firstly)insuchraces.John:Buthecame(5.last/lastly)atDoncaster.Tom:Yes.Thatwas(6.large/largely)myfault.Itwas(7.pretty/prettily)hotthatday,soItookit(8.easy/easily)onthewaytoDoncaster.Ihad(9.clean/cleanly)forgottenthatIhadpromisedtopickGeorgeup.WhenIdidremember,I(10.quick/quickly)turnedround,butIreachedGeorge’shousevery(11.late/lately).Itried(12.hard/hardly)todrive(13.quick/quickly),butGeorg(14.right/rightly)didn’twantmetotakerisks,andpartofthewaywewere(15.close/closely)followedbyapolicecar,anyway.表达“（车）开得快”，常用quickly。rightly通常置于动词之前，意为“正确地”。注意：rightly在句中作评注性状语，参见《教程》P24采取中位的评注性状语部分。close作副词用时，多指距离上的接近，而closely多用于引申义，意为“紧密地；密切地”。close通常置于动词之后，但在过去分词之前要用closely。becloselyfollowedby意为“被…紧紧地跟着”。表达“近来；最近”，用副词lately（=recently），而副词late意为“迟地；晚地”。表达“不久；很快”，用副词shortly（=soon），而副词short意为“突然”。表达“通常；多半地”，用副词mostly，而most意为“最；非常”。表达“第一；最先”，用副词first，而firstly意为“首先；第一”，用于列举。表达“在最后”，用副词last，而lastly指顺序上的最后，相当于finally。表达“主要地”，用副词largely，而large为形容词。表达“相当地；十分”，用副词pretty，prettyhot意为veryhot。搭配takeiteasy意为“不慌不忙；从容不迫”。表达“完全地”，用副词clean，cleanforgotten意为“完全忘记”。quick和quickly均可用作副词，在口语中，一般多用quick（尤其在需要用比较级或最高级时），并且总是放在动词之后，如comequick；若放在动词之前，一般用quickly，文中用在动词之前，需用quickly。表达“迟地；晚地”，用副词late，reached…verylate意为“很晚到达…”。表达“努力地”，用副词hard，triedhard意为“付出很大努力；费了很大力气”，而hardly为含否定意义的副词，意为“几乎不”。Wewent(16.wrong/wrongly)once,atWakefield,whenweturned(17.right/rightly)atsometrafficlights,andthenwehadtogovery(18.slow/slowly)forafewmilesbecausetheroadturned(19.sharp/sharply)everyfewhundredyards.WhenwegottoDoncaster,Idrove(20.direct/directly)totherace-trackandleftGeorgetherewhileIwenttoparksomewhere(21.near/nearly).Ihadcutitso(22.fine/finely)thatGeorgehadonlyfifteenminutesbeforehisrace,whichbeganat3:15(23.sharp/sharply).Hehad(24.hard/hardly)enoughtimetogethislegsworking(25.loose/loosely)againwhenhehadtogotothestart,sohewas(26.clear/clearly)notinafitstatetowin.(27.Sure/Surely)enough,hewasbeaten(28.easy/easily).However,itis(29.sure/surely)(30.high/highly)unlikelythatanythinglikethatwillhappenagainthistime!表达“容易地；轻松