中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：句子种类

专题九句子种类阅读短文，感知、体会加粗句子的种类和结构。DearAmanda,①

Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladthatyouareinterestedinChinesefood.②

Doyouwanttoknowhowtomakescrambledeggswithtomatoes(西

红

柿

炒

鸡

蛋)?③

Letmeshareitwithyou.④

Youneedtwoeggs,twotomatoes,someoilandsalt.Now,let’smakeittogether.First,⑤

youshouldmixupthetwoeggs.Next,cutupthetomatoesintosmallpieces.Then,poursomeoilintothepan(平

底

锅).Afterawhile,puttheeggsintothepan,andthenthetomatoes.⑥

Cookthemforaboutthreeminutes.⑦

Wecan’tcookthemfortoolong,ortheeggsdon’ttastegood.Finally,⑧

don’tforgettoaddalittlesalt.Now,it’stimetohavethenicedish.

⑨

Howdeliciousthedishtastes!Yours,Tom1.陈述句

陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。(1)肯定句是_____和_____，句式结构分别是

“主语+实义动词+其他”和“____________________________________”；(2)否定句是___，句式结构是“主语+情态动词+not+实义动词+其他”。④⑤主语+情态动词+实义动词+其他⑦2.疑问句疑问句分为特殊疑问句和一般疑问句。特殊疑问句是_____，一般疑问句是_____。3.祈使句祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。肯定祈使句是_____和_____，句式结构分别是“____________________________________”和“动词原形+其他”；(2)否

定

祈

使

句

是_____，

句

式

结

构为_________________________。4.感叹句感叹句是_____，感叹词是_____。①②③⑥Let+宾语+动词原形+其他⑧don’t+动词原形+其他⑨How考点1陈述句(5年5考)

一、定义陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人观点或看法的句子。读时一般用降调，句末用句号。二、句式

肯定句主语＋be动词＋其他LilyisanAmericangirl.Lily是个美国女孩。主语＋实义动词＋其他Hisparentsteachmathinthisschool.

他父母在这所学校教数学。主语＋情态动词＋实义动词＋其他ShecanspeakalittleEnglish.

她会讲一点英语。否定句主语＋be动词＋not＋其他Wewerenotathomelastnight.

我们昨晚不在家。主语＋助动词＋not＋实义动词＋其他Wedidn’thaveanumbrellasowewerewetandcold.

我们没有带雨伞所以我们被雨淋得又湿又冷。主语＋情态动词＋not＋实义动词＋其他Becauseofthebadweather,wecouldn’tseeanythingbelowthehill.

由于糟糕的天气，我们完全看不到山下的任何东西。考点2疑问句(5年5考)

一、一般疑问句：一般疑问句是能用yes或no来回答的疑问句，答句的主语一般用代词。其结构如下：(1)Be动词＋主语＋其他？Be动词例句Am,Is,Are,Was,WereIsyourbrotherathome？

你哥哥在家吗？Wasthefarmernice？

那个农民好吗？(2)助动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？助动词例句Do(2023·71,2020·72),Does,Did(2021·72),Will,Would,Shall等Dideveryonehaveagoodweekend？

大家周末过得好吗？Willschoolsbedifferentinthefuture？

未来的学校会有所不同吗？(3)情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？情态动词例句Can(2024·71),Could(2022·73),Must,May,Shall,Should,Will,Would(2024·72,2022·75),Need等CanItakeamessageforhim？

我能帮他捎个口信吗？MayIaskwhyyoumadethatdecision？

我可以问一下你为什么做出那个决定吗？ShouldIaskhimwhenhewillarrivehere？

我应该问他什么时候到这里吗？【注意】

用情态动词must提问时，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto—MustIgivethebookbacktothelibrarythisweek？

我这周必须把书还回图书馆吗？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./don’thaveto.

是的。/不，你不必。二、特殊疑问句：由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，读时用降调。不能用yes或no回答，答语为陈述句。疑问代词用法例句what(2023·74,2022·72,2021·71,2020·75)对事物或者抽象概念提问What’sthematter？

怎么了？询问职业或身份Whatisyourfather？

=Whatdoesyourfatherdo？你父亲是做什么的？后接名词构成疑问词组Whatanimalsdoyoulike？你喜欢什么动物？

疑问代词用法例句who/whom对人提问，主格用who，宾格用whomWhowenttotheparkwithJack？(who作主语)谁和Jack去公园了？WhomdidTomgototheparkwith？(whom作宾语)Tom和谁去公园了？whose对所属关系提问Whosewalletislost？

谁的钱包丢了？which询问范围中的哪一个Whichgirlisyoursister？

哪个女孩是你妹妹？后接名词构成疑问词组Whichcolordoyouprefer,redorpurple？

你更喜欢哪种颜色，红色还是紫色？

疑问副词用法例句when询问时间Whendoeshegetupinthemorning？

他早上几点起床？where(2024·73)询问地点Wheredidyougoonvacation？

你假期去哪里了？why(2024·72)询问原因Whydoyoulikepandas？

你为什么喜欢熊猫？提出建议Whydon’tyouhaveatry？=Whynothaveatry？你为什么不试一试呢？

疑问副词用法例句how询问健康Howishefeelingtoday？

他今天感觉如何？询问方式Howdoyoumakeakite？

你如何制作一个风筝？询问特征Howwasyourschooltrip？

你的学校郊游怎么样？

疑问副词用法例句howhow后接形容词、副词等，询问时长、频率、数量、价格、距离等Howlongwillhestayatuniversity？

他在大学要待多久？Howsooncanyoufinishthisreport？

你多久能完成这个报告？HowoftendoyouwatchTV？

你多久看一次电视？Howmanybooksarethereonthetable？

桌子上有多少本书？HowmuchdidyoupayfortheCD？

这张CD你花了多少钱？(2021·75)Howfarisitfromhere？离这里有多远？Howheavyisthestone？

这块石头有多重？Howtallisthetree？

这棵树有多高？Howhighisthemountain？

这座山有多高？三、选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提供两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方根据实际情况选择回答。结构答语例句一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+选择项？不用yes或no回答，可用完整的陈述句或简略形式回答；也可用不定代词all,both,neither,either或none回答—DoyoulikeEnglishormath？—IlikeEnglish./English./Ilikeboth./Neither.

特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句,选择项A+or+选择项B？—Whichbookdoyoulikebest,HarryPotter,LittleWomenorTheJourneytotheWest？—IlikeHarryPotterbest./Ilikeallofthem.

考点3

祈使句(5年1考)

定义：祈使句用于表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。谓语动词用原形，没有时态和数的变化。形式结构例句肯定形式(Please＋)动词原形＋其他Pleasecallmebackwhenyougethome.

当你到家了，请给我回电话。Be＋表语(＋其他)Bequiet!安静！Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他Let’sgoforawalkaftersupper.

晚饭后我们一起去散步吧。否定形式Don’t＋动词原形＋其他Don’tbelateforclassagain.

不要再上课迟到了。No＋名词/动名词Nosmoking!禁止抽烟！Never＋动词原形+其他Neverjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.

不要以貌取人。【注意】

(1)为了加强语气，可在肯定形式的祈使句前加do，意为“务必，一定”。如：Dolistentotheteacher.

务必要听老师的话。(2)以Let’s开头的祈使句，其答语常用“Goodidea./OK./Yes,I’dloveto.

”等。其他祈使句的答语常用“Yes/OK,Iwill.

”等。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No,Iwon’t.

”等。如：①—Let’sgotothemovies.

咱们一起去看电影吧。—Goodidea.

好主意。②—Cleantheroomafterschool.

放学后打扫房间。—Yes,Iwill./OK,Iwill.

好的,我会的。③

—Don’tbelateagain.

不要再迟到了。—Sorry,Iwon’t.

抱歉，我不会了。(3)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构，可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如：①Thinkitoverandyouwillfindtheanswer.

=Ifyouthinkitover,youwillfindtheanswer.

认真思考，你会找出答案的。②Readthepassagecarefully,oryouwillmisstheusefulinformation.

=Ifyoudon’treadthepassagecarefully,youwillmisstheusefulinformation.

仔细读文章，否则你会错过有用的信息。考点4感叹句(5年1考)

形式结构例句what引导(2020·73)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!Whatabigsuccessthefashionshowis!这场时装秀真是太成功了！What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!Whatinterestingstoriesshetold!她讲的故事多有趣啊！What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!Whatdeliciousfoodyouservedustonight!你今晚给我们提供的食物多么美味啊！形式结构例句how引导(2020·73)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Howstronglythewindisblowing!风刮得真大！How+形容词

+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!Howniceaplaceitis!多漂亮的一个地方啊！How+主语+谓语!Howtimeflies!时间过得真快呀！句子种类一般在补全对话中必考。常考查3问2答，其中一句答句是开放性回答。（2023·河南)A:Hey,Leilei!Haveyougotanyplansfortheweekend？B:Notyet.1.

____________________________________________________________________________________________？A:IheardtheScienceandTechnologyCenterisagreatplacetovisit.2.

__________________________________________________________？Doyouhaveanysuggestions/advice/ideas/opinions//plans/Doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend/...Doyouwanttogo(there)withme/Wouldyouliketogo(there)withmeB:Iamsorry,butIhavebeentherealready.

A:Whatapity!Whendidyougothere？B:3.

_____________________________________________________________________________.

Iwentwithmyfamily.

A:Didyouenjoyyourselves？LastSaturday/Threedaysago/Yesterday/IwenttherelastSaturday/yesterday/...B:Yes,wehadagreattimethere.

A:4.

____________________________？B:WewatchedavideoabouthowShenzhou-16wassentintospacesuccessfully.

A:Whatelsedidyoudo？B:5.

____________________________________________________________.

A:Cool!Iwillaskmysistertogowithmethisweekend.

B:Haveagoodtime!Whatdidyoudo(there)/...We(also)watchedarobotshow/We(also)talkedtoasmartrobot/...拓展·句式总结一、陈述句

1.

询问或谈论计划与活动LastSaturday/Threedaysago/Yesterday/IwenttherelastSaturday/yesterday.(2023·73)We(also)watchedarobotshow/We(also)talkedtoasmartrobot.(2023·75)I’mbusywitha/myproject/I’mbusydoinga/myproject.(2022·71)(I’mgoingtotalkabout)Henanhistory/food/culture/opera/Museum/ShaolinTemple/Hulatang.(2022·74)2.

描述健康状况或提出健康建议I’mfeelingbetternow/Muchbetter.(2021·73)Wecandosportsthere,suchasplayingfootballandplayingtabletennis.(2021·74)3.

其他接受邀请Soundsgreat/good/Soundslikeagoodidea/place.(2024·74)感谢的应答语You’rewelcome/That’sallright/Noproblem/Notatall/It’sapleasure/Mypleasure.(2024·75)表达感叹Thatis/Youhaveabigfamily/Ican’tbelieveit/That’samazing/unbelievable.(2020·73)介绍职业Myfatherisataxidriver/cook.(2020·74)二、一般疑问句

1.

发出邀请Doyouwanttogo(there)withme/Wouldyouliketogo(there)withme/…？(2023·72)2.

寻求建议/帮助Can/Couldyougivemesomeadvice/Can/Couldyouhelpme？(2022·73)Doyouhaveanysuggestions/advice/ideas/opinions/plans/Doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend？(2023·71)Can/Could/Would/Willyou(please)givemesomeadvice/suggestions.(2024·71,2022·73)3.

请求与许可Wouldyoulike/lovetogowithme/joinme/us？(2022·75)Would/Doyoumindtellingmeaboutyourfamily/Could/Would/Willyou(please)tellmeaboutyourfamily/Wouldyouliketotellmeaboutyourfamily？(2020·72)4.

看病就医Didyouseeadoctor/Didyougotohospital？(2021·72)三、特殊疑问句询问姓名What’syourname/Yourname(again)？(2020·71)询问活动Whatdidyoudo(there)？(2023·74)Whathappened/Wheredidyougo？(2021·71)询问内容What’sitabout/What’sit/Whatisthehomework(about)？(2022·72)询问种类Whatkindofstore(isit)/Whatdoyousell？(2020·75)询问位置Whereisit/WhereisXinxian/Whereisyourhometown？(2024·73)询问距离Howfarisit(fromhere)？(2021·75)单句填空

1.—____________

doyouhaveaswimmingclass？—Onceaweek.

2.—___________

haveyoubeeninQiqihar？—Sincemyfathercameheretoworkfiveyearsago.

HowoftenHowlong3.—___________

arethesesportssocks？

—10yuanfor3pairs.

4.—_________

isitfromourschooltothenewbookstore,LiLei？

—Onlyonekilometer.

5.—Lingling,____________willyourbrothercomebackfromabroad？

—Hmm,inaweek.

HowmuchHowfarhowsoon6.____________(比较)youranswerswiththoseinyourbooktoseeiftheyareright.

7.Don’tridethebiketoofastontheroad,______youmaygethurt.

8.Keepreadingbookseveryday,_______youwillbeknowledgeableandwise.

9.___________greatactivitythe2024GuizhouTeaIndustryExpo(贵州茶博会)is!CompareorandWhata10.—Mikespendshalfanhourreadingbeforehisbedtimeeveryday.

—_________

greatprogresshemakes!Readingmakesafullman.

11.

________popularthesongClimbingtheSpringMountainatthe2024SpringFestivalGalais!12.—__________didyoubuythisnicegift？

—Inanearbygiftstore.

13.—________areyougoingtothemuseum,Peter？

—Myfatherwilldrivemethere.

WhatHowWhereHow一、（2024·扬州改编)完形填空

▏日常生活-生活趣事

▏AnneFrankrandownthestairs(楼梯)asfastasshecould.Shewassupposedtodoher1,butitwassoboring.Margot,herperfectsister,mightbehappyreadingbooksallday,butAnnewasn’t.

()1.A.cooking B.shoppingC.homework D.sportsCOtherchildrenwerealreadyoutonthesunnyAmsterdamstreets.Somewererollinghoops(滚铁环),othersdoinghandstandsagainstthewall.Annewas2athandstands,butknewanotherwaytogeteveryone’sattention.()2.A.endless B.fearlessC.meaningless D.hopelessD“

3this!”shecried,liftingherarmhighintheair.Annewaiteduntileveryonewas4her,thensheswungherarmaroundfast.Alltheboys5andcheered.

Anne’smother,Edith,lookedoutthewindowaftersheheardthe6oflaughter.

()3.A.Watch B.

FindC.

StopD.Search()4.A.lookingafter B.lookingatC.lookingfor D.lookingin()5.A.jumped B.

refusedC.laughed D.rushed()6.A.order B.

soundC.call D.

voiceABCB“Ibet(打赌)thatgirlhasn’tdoneherhomework,”shethought.ItwasalwayshardwithAnne.7,shewasgladAnnehadgotusedtoAmsterdamlifesoeasily.Annewasonlyseven.

()7.A.SometimesB.AgainC.Anyway D.BesidesCThatnight,Anne’sfather,Otto,putAnnetobedasusual.

“TellmeastoryaboutGoodPaulaandNaughty(淘气的)Paula,Daddy!”Annesaid.

“

8IhaveoneaboutNaughtyPaula？She’smorefun.

”“Margot9GoodPaula,”Ottosaid.

()8.A.Can B.MustC.Need D.Should()9.A.forgets B.knowsC.surprises D.prefersAD“Wellshewould,”Annereplied,angrily.ItwashardhavingMargotasanoldersister.

Otto10whatshewasthinking.

“Youcouldbegood,too,Anne.

”“I’lltry,Daddy,Ipromise,”Annesaid.

“11tomakeyouhappy!”()10.A.doubted B.guessedC.believed D.asked()11.A.Nothing B.NooneC.Anything D.AnyoneBCThenextday,whenAnnegotbackfromschool,Edithwaspreparingdinner.

“Wehave12tonight,”shesaid.

“Who’scoming？”Anneasked.

“Miep,fromDaddy’sworkandherfriendJan.

”()12.A.workers B.hostsC.customers D.guestsD“Hooray!”Annecried.

13thedoorbellrang,Annerushedtoletthemin.Thenextmoment,shewasthrowingthem14.

“HowareyouMiep？What’sitlik